主谓一致精讲

1、主谓一致精讲1、语法形式上的一致。主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形 式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：The number of the students in his class is very large. 但是： A number of students are planting trees on the hill.（a number of = many ）Tom and Peter are good friends.She has seen the film three times.The teacher and writer is going to give us a t

2、alk next week.（the teacher and writer 指同一个人 ）The teacher and the writer are talking over there.（the teacher and the writer 指两个人 ）The knife and fork is lying on the table.（the knife and fork 指同一个概念 ）A horse is a useful animal.The woman with a baby in her arms is Anne ' s aunt.（主语 是 woman）He, as w

3、ell as his friends, is very interested in English.（主语是 He)The teacher, together with his students, is singing anEnglish song in the classroom.（主语是 teacher）2、意义上的一致。1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用 复数形式。如：The Smith family are having breakfast.单数形式表示复数意义的名词有family，army，people，police，class，group，crowd，team 等。2

4、）主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数，则谓语动词用 单数形式。如：The news is very exciting.形式上为复数而意义上却是单数的名词有news，works（工厂）和一些以 ics 结尾的学科名称， 如 physics，politics， maths 等。3、就近原则。 即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如 用连词 or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also. 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致。如：Either you or he knows about Mr White.Neither she nor I

5、am a doctor.Are either you or he a doctor? 在复习中还应注意以下几个问题：1、名词作主语1）某些集体名词（如family ， class， team 等）作主语时，如果作为一个整体来看，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就 其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词则要用复数形式。如：His family is a happy one.His whole family were watching TV when I got to their home.The population of China is very large ， and 80% of the populati

6、on in China are peasants.像这样的名词有 family ， army， people ， police ， class， group , crowd , team 等。“ a group （crowd ） of + 复数名词” 等短语之后的谓语动词也同样既可以用单数形式又可以用 复数形式，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。如：A group of students is going to help them.A group of students are playing football in the field.2）某些集体名词（如 people ， police 等）

7、只当复数形式 看待，所以谓语动词必须用复数形式。如：The police are searching for the thief in the building.The Chinese people are living a happy life today.3）单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义 来决定用单数还是复数形式。如：There are some sheep over there.A sheep is eating grass.The other sheep are sleeping.4）名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况一般只指商店、 工场、住宅等。当其作主语时，谓语动词一

8、般用单数形式。 如：My aunt ' s is not far from here.The barber ' s is on the other side of the street.常见的省略名词有 the doctor 's，the baker 's，the barber ' s，the Chen' s， Mr Green ' s 等。但是表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，作主语时， 谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：McDonald ' s haven' t much nice food to eat.5）当名词词组中心

9、词为表示度量、 距离、 金额、时间、 书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些 复数形式的名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Ten years has passed since I came to shenzhen.Five minutes is enough for us to do the maths problem.The Selected Poems of Du Fu was published again in the1980s.6）不定代词 each，every， no 所修饰的名词即使以 and 或逗号连接成多个并列主语， 谓语动词仍然用单数形式。 如：Eac

10、h boy and each girl wants to learn English well.7）如果主语是由 more than one 或 many a 构成的，尽管从意义上看是复数的内容，但它的谓语动词仍然用单数形 式。如：More than one teacher has bought a computer.Many a student has been studying very hard.但是在“ more+复数名词+than one ”的结构后面，谓语 动词一般用复数形式。如：More persons than one agree with you.8）一些包含两个相同内容物品

11、的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如glasses， clothes ，trousers， shoes， compasses， ch opsticks ， scissors， gloves 等。 但是如果主语由“ a kind of， a pair of， a series of 等加名词” 构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：Chopsticks are used by Chinese and Japanese.There is a pair of new scissors on the table.A pair of gloves was lost yesterday.

12、9）this kind of book= a book of this kind （这种书）作主 语时，其谓语动词用单数形式；词组 this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of me n （这一类人）（口语） ，如果 this kind of men 作主语，它的谓语动词用单数形式， 而 men of this kind 或 these kind of men 作主语时它的谓语动词用复数形式。如果 all kinds of 后面接复数名词时，谓语动词要用复数形式。 如：This kind of men is very cruel.Men of

13、this kind are very cruel.10）在主谓倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后面的主语保持一致。如：There is a pair of new scissors on the table.Between the two maps is a large blackboard.11）复数形式的单、复数同形的名词作主语时，按意义 一致的原则。 作单数意义时， 谓语动词就用单数形式； 反之， 谓语动词就用复数形式。这类名词有means （方法），works（工厂）,species （种类）,Chinese, Japanese等。如：The （This） paper works was

14、built in the 1990s.That Japanese is very strange.The Chinese people are brave and hard-working.当它们前面有 a， such a， this， that 修饰时，谓语动词 用单数形式；有 all， such， these， those 或 the 修饰时，谓 语动词用复数形式。但是“ means” “ “ no means”，“the means ” 等词前没有以上修饰词且作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数形 式也可用复数形式。另外， Work 作“工作”解时是不可数名 词，作“著作”解时是可数名词，有单复

15、数之分。12）如果名词词组中心词是 all， most， half， rest， part 等词语，表示的是复数的意义，谓语动词则用复数形式；反 之，就用单数形式。如：All of my students are very diligent.All of the money was missing.2、由连接词连接的名词作主语1）用 and 或 both.and. 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常 用复数形式。如Running and swimming are very good sports.Both rubber and plastics never rot. 但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人或

16、概念，谓语动词 则用单数形式，这时 and 后面没有冠词。如：The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk next week.（the teacher and writer 指同一个人 ）Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.（ 指 同一个概念 ）The knife and fork is lying on the table.（the knife and fork 指同一个概念 ）2）以 or, eitheror. , neithernor. , not only

17、but also.等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式应 根据就近一致的原则来确定。如：Either you or he knows about Mr White.Neither she nor I am a doctor.Neither I nor you nor anybody else knows about that.3、代词作主语1) 名词性物主代词后面的动词，既可以用单数形式，也可以用复数形式，这取决于它所代替的是单数形式还是复 数形式。如：Ours(Our country) is a developing country.Your home is near Vang

18、uard Supermarket, and mine (=my home) is near Carrefour Shopping Center.2) such, the same当指示代词时，应根据其所指的内 容来决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。如：Such was Albert Einstain.He gave her three pears. The same (amount of pears) were given to me by him, too.3) 关系代词 who， that， which 等在定语从句中作主语 时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数保持一致。如：Those (peo

19、ple/persons/students) who want to see the film please put up your hands.(划线部分为定语从句 )Some of the water that is used by them comes from the underground.( 划线部分为定语从句 )4) 疑问代词 who， what， which 作主语时，其谓语动词 可根据说话人所要表达的意思来决定单、复数形式的使用。 如：Who teaches you English? - Mr He does.Who teach you English? - Mr He and

20、 Miss Barnes do.What is in the box? - There is a cake in it. Which is his pen? - The one on the book is. Which are your books? - The ones on the desk are mine.5）不定代词 any， either ， neither ， none ， all， some， more 等作主语时，有两种情况：a、单独作主语时，动词视其在文中的意义决定用单数 形式还是复数形式，如：Now all is changing.All are here. Let&#

21、39; s begin our class.either ， neither 作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。b、后面接of短语时，若of后面的宾语为不可数名词时， 动词用单数形式；若of后面的宾语为复数形式的名词或代词 时，动词可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式。在书面语中， 动词常用单数形式。如：Do（es） any of you know her telephone number?None of us has（ have） been to the USA.4、分数、量词作主语1）某个数词单纯表示数字作主语时，其谓语动词通常 用单数形式，但是当基数词表示的不是数值而是数量时，谓 语动词可用复

22、数形式。如：The million is a large number.There are fifty students in Class 8. Twenty are boys, the others are girls.英语中算术式作主语时，若是减法和除法算术式，谓语 动词通常用单数形式；若是加法和乘法，谓语动词有时也可 以用复数形式。如：Five from ten is/leaves five.Twenty divided by five is four.Three and/plus ten is/are thirteen.Four times six is/are twenty-four

23、.在提问加、 减、乘、除得数时， 如用疑问词 how much ， 谓语动词多用单数形式；如用疑问词how many ，则谓语动词多用复数形式。如：How much is nine divided by three?How many are four times seven?2“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语，以及由“some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of ”构成的短语，其名词 可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词。作主语时，采取就近 一致的原则，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致， 这是因为短语中 of 后面的名词是中心词

24、， 而名词前面 的量词是修饰语。如：About three-fourths of the earth 's surface is covered withwater.Three-fifths of the teachers in their school are women teachers.The population of China is very large ， and 80% of the population in China are peasants.A lot of money was left when he died.3) The number of +可数名词复数

25、形式、 the amount of + 不可数名词构成的短语作主语时， 谓语动词用单数形式。 如：The number of the students in his class is very large. 但是： A number of students are planting trees on the hill.(a number of = many )The amount of money he needed was great.4) 表示数量的 one and a half 后面，名词要用复数形式， 但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：One and a half apples is left on the plate.5) half of ，(a)part of 修饰可数名词单数形式及不可数 名词时， 其谓语动词用单数形式； 修饰可数名词复数形式时， 其谓语动词用复数形式。如：Half of the food is enough for me.Half of the students in her class are from the countryside.5、名词化的形容词作主语如果主语是由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构充当时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。 这类动词有 the b