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1、英语的句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1) 陈述句:说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。有肯定句和否定句之分。 2) 疑问句:提出问题。有以下四种: a. 一般疑问句): Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗? b. 特殊疑问句: Where do you live?你住那儿? How do you know
2、160;that? 你怎么知道那件事? c. 选择疑问句: o you want tea or coffee?你是要茶还是要咖啡?d.反意疑问句:He doesn't know her, does he? 他不认识她,对不对?3) 祈使句:提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:Sit down, please.请坐。 Don't be nervous!别紧张! 4) 感叹句:表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒
3、等情绪,例如:What good news it is!多好的消息啊!A. 简单句的五种基本句型。a. 主语+连系动词+表语 (S+ Link-V+P)此句型中的谓语动词为连系动词,作表语成分的有形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式介词短语等。常见的系动词有be, feel, taste, smell, sound,seem, look(看起来),get(变),become(变),turn(变)等。1)The story sounds interesting. 那个故事听起来很有趣。2) Her d
4、ream has come true. 她的梦想实现了。3)My books are on the desk. 我的书在书桌上。4)The food seems to be nice. 这食物似乎不错1. 李甜甜是个聪明的女孩。She is a sweet/ clever girl.2. 张飞在三年级六班。 Zhang Fei is in Class Two , Grade Three.3. 早起有益于身体健康。Getting up early/earlyrising is helpful for our heal
5、th.4. 这些玫瑰花闻起来很香。These smells fragrant/ nice.b.主语+不及物动词 (S+V)在此句型中,谓语动词是不及物动词,其后没有宾语。因为此句型中的动词表达的意思已经很明确,所以不需要跟宾语。有时为了表示动作发生的频率、程度、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等,可以带状语修饰动词。如: 1)My head aches.我头疼。2)The students are listening 学生们正在听。3) We study hard. 我们努力学习。4) The red sun rise
6、s in the east. 一轮红日从东方升起。5) The Second World War broke out in 1939. 1939年爆发了第二次世界大战。6) The boy looked out of the window. 那个男孩朝窗外看去。主语和不及物动词(短语)是组成本句型不可缺少的必要成分。在实际运用中,不及物动词往往与副词、介词及其它相关成分有相对稳定的搭配关
7、系。1. 我们的英语老师教得很好。2. 五年前宋杰住在合肥。 3. 一天,她欢快地走进我的房间。 4. 你们打算乘飞机还是乘船旅行? c. 主语+及物动词+宾语 (S+V+O)该句型中的谓语动词是及物动词,其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整、准确。宾语可以由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当,如动词的-ing形式、动词不定式或从句等.1) I finished reading the book. 我读完了这本书。2) Do you like apples? 你喜欢苹果吗?3) We discussed it at the meeting last wee
8、k.上周我们在会上讨论过那件事。4) He decided to buy a computer他决定买一台电脑。5) We love China.我们爱中国。6) They enjoyed themselves very much last night. 他们昨天晚上玩得很开心。注:不及物动词与介词连用时,其后也可跟宾语。例如:Ann is waiting for Kate at school gate 安正在校门口等凯特。主语和及物动词及其宾语是本句型的主干,至于及物动词,则既可以是单个的及物动词,也可
9、以是短语动词。1. 她每天晚上看电视。 2. 这本书胡珊珊读过多次了。 3. 明天下午我们将进行英语考试。4. 大多数人很喜欢轻音乐(soft music)。 5. 她几乎不知道该如何写作文。d.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+V+IO+DO)英语中有些及物动词能跟双宾语,即间接宾语(指人) 和直接宾语(指物) 。通常情况下间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。能跟双宾语的动词常见的有:ask, bring, take, buy,
10、60;cost, fetch, give, hand, pass, lend, offer, pay, read, save, send, show, teach, tell, write等。有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后,此时间接宾语前需加介词for或to。1) Could you pass me the salt? (= Could you pass the salt to me?) 请你把盐给我好吗?
11、2) Uncle Wang made the farmers many machines.(=Uncle Wang made many machines for the farmers. ) 王叔叔给农民们制造了很多机器。3) Zhou Nan lent me some money.(.some money to me.) 周楠借给我一些钱。4) Mother bought me a new dress. (.a new dr
12、ess for me.) 妈妈给我买了一件新衣服。5) The evening dress cost her forty dollars. 这件晚礼服花了她四十美元。 6) The girl asked me whether I could repair the bike. 那个女孩问我是否会修理自行车。(直接宾语为句子) 7) He told me
13、0;how to make a chair. 他告诉我如何做椅子。(直接宾语为不定式)注:1间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等。例如:Uncle Li bought me a birthday present(Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me) 李叔叔给我买了一件生日礼物。2间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有give, lend, teach, take, return, send, pass等。例如:Please pa
14、ss him a cup of tea(Please pass a cup of tea to him) 请递给他一杯茶。3间接宾语后置既可与for也可与to连用的动词有do, leave, write, bring等。例如:He brought me a dictionary(He brought a dictionary forto me) 他给我带来了一本词典。(bring 和take 的区别)注:若直接宾语是人称代词时,通常情况下将其置于间接宾语之前。例如:误:Please give me them正:Please give them to me1.
15、 刘江给了我一朵红玫瑰。2. 她给我做了一件漂亮衣服。3. 这项工作花了我们半个小时。4. 吴老师给我们提出了一些有关英语学习的建议。e. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 (S+V+O+C)英语中,有些及物动词除能跟宾语外,有时还须加一个补足语,句意才能完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、动词不定式和分词,副词和介词短语等也可以用作宾语补足语。本句型中的"宾语 + 宾语补足语",也可称之为复合宾语。宾语和
16、宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系,因此,逻辑上的主谓关系乃是本句型的特点,它不同于第四基本句型中的 "间接宾语 + 直接宾语","间接宾语 + 直接宾语"之间并无逻辑上的主谓关系。 1) We elected Liu Lei monitor. 我们选刘磊当班长。(elect,choose, appoint, make, call, name等词后面跟表示职位的名词做宾语补足语时,职位名词前不要冠词)2) The news made h
17、im unhappy. 这个消息使他很不愉快。3) You shouldn't let him go there alone. 你不应当让他一个人去那儿。 4) I had the bike repaired. 我找人把自行车修好了。5) I feel it very pleasant to be with your family.
18、0;我感到跟你们一家人在一起很愉快。 6) 请保持教室清洁。7) 她让我再给他打个电话。1后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call, name, make, choose, think,elect, appoint等。例如:We call him Tom for short 我们简称他为汤姆。2后跟形容词做宾语补足语的动词有keep, make, find, get, think等。例如:Its very hot here Wed better keep the windows open 这儿很热。我们最好让窗子开着。3动词不定式做宾语补足语有以下三种情况:(1)后跟带to的不定式作宾语
19、补足语的动词常有ask, tell, teach, wish, trouble等。例如:He told us to keep quiet in the hospital他告诉我们在医院里要保持安静。(2)后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词可归纳为:感官动词:“一听(hear)”、“二看(see, watch)”、“三感觉(feel, notice, find, observe), 使役动词:let, have加make)”,例如:Let me try again让我再试试。I often hear her sing in the next room我经常听到她在隔壁唱歌。感官动词hear,
20、 see, watch, feel, notice, observe等后既可接不带to的不定式作宾补,也可用v-ing形式作宾补。前者表示动作已结束,后者表示动作正在发生。试比较: 1.He saw a girl get on the bus. 他看见一个女孩上车了(上车的动作已经结束)。 2.He saw a girl getting on the bus. 他看见一个女孩在上车(上车的动作正在进行)。
21、(3)help后跟不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式既可带to,也可不带to。例如:My father often helps me(to) study English 我父亲经常帮我学习英语。4后跟动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有feel, hear, see, watch, keep, find等。例如:We found a man lying on the ground 我们发现一个男人躺在地上。5后跟介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有keep, find, take等。例如:Ill keep the words in my mind 我将记住这些话。【练习题】(06)32. My teach
22、ers voice _sweet. We all like her songs. A. feels B. smell C. looks D. sounds(05)33. When autumn comes, some tree leaves _ red. A. sound B. turn C. smell D. taste(04)( )40. How the flowers smell! A. well B. nice C. badly D. hard - What do you t
23、hink of the music, Eric?- It _ wonderful.A. smells B. looks C. tastes D. sounds4. (06)35. Would you like to go to the cinema with me?-_. A. Yes, I must B. Yes, I can C. Yes, I may D. Yes, Id like to5.(05)35. Shall we have a drink when you finish your talk? _. A. No, you cant
24、60; B. All right C. Youre welcome D. You neednt do that6. (2000) 29-Would you like to come to my birthday party next Sunday?-Oh, thanks a lot _AYes , pleaseB Yes, I would,CId love to D Ive no idea there be 句型本句型表示人或事物"存在"的概念,一般译作"有",但应注意与表示
25、"具有"概念的"有"(have)的区别。例如:I have two birds. 我有两只鸟。(鸟为我所有)There are two birds in the cage. 笼子里有两只鸟。 (鸟在笼子里)本句型句首的 There只是一个引导词,本身并无任何词汇意义。句子的主语是处于动词 be 后的那个名词。动词 be 的人称和数应同其后的主语取得一致。动词 be&
26、#160;的时态随具体情况而变化。注意:动词 be 要和其后的主语取得一致。如果是单个的主语,动词 be则随这个主语的数和人称而变化。如果是并列的主语,动词be一般随最靠近be的那个主语的人称和数而变化。反意问句的疑问句部分要用isnt there?或arent there?在本句型中,还可将谓语动词be换成某些表示"来往,存在,发生"之类的不及物动词,如 arrive, come, go, exist, happen, live, remain, seem,
27、60;stand 等。1. There is a dictionary on the desk. 桌上有一本字典。2. There will be a sports meet next week. 下周将举行运动会。3. There stands a big tree in front of the classroom
28、. 教室前面有一棵大树。4. There used to be a shop on the corner of the street. 以前在街的这个拐角有一个商店。【there be句型专练】 1There _ no tea in the cup Ais Bare Chas &
29、#160; Dbe 2There _ in the next room Ais Tom Bare some boys Care they Dis the boy 3There is some _ on the plate Aapple Bbread Cbanana Dsandwich 4There _ some paper
30、 and a pen on the desk Ais Bare Chave Dhas 5There _ a school at the foot of the hill Ahave Bstand Care Dstands 6There's going to _
31、160; in tomorrow's newspapers Ahave something new Bhave new something Cbe something new Dbe new something 7There is some milk in the bottle, _ ? Aisn't there
32、 Baren't there Cisn't it Dare there 8 _ is there on the table? AHow many apples BHow much bread CHow much breads DHow many food 9There are sixty minutes in _ hour Aan Bthe
33、0; Ca D 10There is _ old woman in the car A× Ba Cthe Dan 11There's _ orange tree behind _ house Aan ;the Ba;a Cthe;the 12There is _ map in the classroom _ map is on the w
34、all Aa;A Bthe;The Ca;The Dthe;A 13There is _ “f”and _ “u”in the word“four” Aan;a Ba;a Can;an Da;an 14There _ not any water in the glass Ahas&
35、#160; Bis Care 15There _ a football match in our school this afternoon Aare going to have Bis going to have Care going to be Dis going to be 16There _ an a
36、pple and ten bananas in the basketYou can take any of them Aare Bis Chas Dhave 17 _ any flowers on both sides of the street? AIs there BAre there CHas
37、0; DHave 18There _ great changes in our country since 1979 Ahave been Bwere Chas been Dare 19There is little water in the glass, _ ? Aisn 't there Bisn't it Cis it Dis there 20There
38、is no air or water on the moon,is there? _ AYes,there are BNo,there isn't CYes,there isn't DNo,there is 21There isn't _ paper in the boxWill you go and get some for me? Aany
39、160; Bsome Ca Dan 22There _ some water in the bottle Aare Bis Chas Dhave 23How many _ are there in your classroom? Adesks
40、60; Bdesk Cchair Ddoor 24There _ something wrong with my car Aare Bhas Cis Dhave 25There _ a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box Aare Bhas
41、0; Chave Dis祈使句和感叹句 祈使句英语中的祈使句常常用来表示请求、命令、建议、劝告和号召等意。对祈使句的考查已成为近几年高考英语的一个热点。其肯定形式是由动词原形开头,否定形式是在动词原形之前加 Don't。祈使句的主语通常是 you,但一般并不说出。祈使句的句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,用降调。为了使语气婉转、客气,常在句首或句末加上please。现将其常见类型和考点归纳如下:祈使句有四种句型: 1B型:Be表语(名词、形容词等)。如: Be a good boy 做个乖孩子! Be qu
42、iet,please! 请安静!2V型:V(行为动词)宾语 也叫Do型祈使句。这类祈使句在英语中最为常见。这类句子常以动词原形开头,末尾用感叹号或句号。(V若为不及物动词,则无宾语)其它成分。如: Look after this cat,please 请照看一下这只猫。 Come to school in your new clothes tomorrow! 明天穿上新衣服到学校。Hurry up!赶快!有时与please连用,增加“请求”的意味。如:Please take a seat!Sit down, please!有时为了加强语气,可以在动词前加do。如: Do be careful!
43、 Do listen to your teacher! Do型祈使句构成反意疑问句时,附加问句常用will you,有时也可用wont you或can you等。如: Be quiet, please, will youwont you? Give me a hand, will you?3L型:Let宾语(第一、第三人称宾格)动词原形其它成分。如: 1)Lets祈使句的主语是we,指说话者和听者双方,表示建议。如: Lets go to the cinema tonight 2)Let us me 祈使句的主语是you,表示请求。如:
44、 Let me have a look at your new motor Let me try again 3). Let him/her祈使句的主语是you,表示请求。Let him/her carry the box upstairs.用"let"的祈使句时,必须注意下列几点: 一、"let" 的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用"Don't let.",如果宾语是第一人称,则用"Let.not" Don't let this type of things happen again. It
45、9;s raining now. Let's not go out until after the rain. 二、"Let"只适用于现在时态,可以有被动语态 (the passive voice),如: Let the criminals be sent to prison. 三、"Let"后头除了是不带"to"的不定式动词之外,还可以是某些适当的副词,如out, in, down, alone等: Let the puppy out. Open the windows and let the fresh air in. T
46、he room is too sunny. Let the blinds down. Let me alone, please. 四、用"Let's"时,把谈话者的对象包括在内;用"Let us"时,并不包括对方,如: Let's try it, shall we? Let us do it by ourselves, will you? 从上面句子里的"shall we"和"will you",不难知道前者包括听话人,后者并没有。4D型:Don't动词原形其它成分。如: 1)一般来说,祈使
47、句的否定形式是在动词前边加dont。 如: Dont do that again Please dont be late again 2)有时在动词前边加never,起加强语气的作用。如: Never play with fire Never waste anything, and above all, never waste time 3)Dont型祈使句构成反意疑问句时,附加问句常用will you。如: Dont be noisy, will you? Never forget to bring your ID Ca
48、rd when traveling, will you? Don't go there nowPlease dont play with fireDont play with fire, please 请别玩火。Dont let the children play football on the road 不要让孩子们在马路上踢球。Lets not wait outside the gate咱们别在门外等。另外祈使句还有一些形式:A. 含主语型祈使句 1)有时为了强调、对比或表示说话人的意愿、情绪或者安排工作,祈使句需要带上主
49、语。如:You go away Everyone shut the mouthYou girls clean the windows, and you boys wash the floor 2)含主语型祈使句构成反意疑问句时,用法与Do型祈使句一致。如: Everyone sit down, will you? B. 无动词型祈使句 有时可以省略祈使句的动词,成为无动词祈使句。如: To the bus stop J
50、ust a minute, please No smoking C. 条件祈使句 祈使句还可以用来表示条件,用于“祈使句andor并列分句”句型,相当于“if 条件句主句”。如: Use your head and you will have a good idea If you use your head, you will have a good idea Hurry up
51、or well be late If we dont hurry up, we will be lateD. 祈使句式的肯定式前加do可起强调作用。意为“务必;一定”等。例如: Do come, please请一定来!Do tell her the thing 务必告诉她此事。注:祈使语气委婉的句型1)“Will/Would/Can/Could you pleasev.(动词原形)?”Will/Would/Can/Could you please give us instructions for using the lab?请给我们讲讲使用实验室的规则吧,好吗?2)“Would you min
52、dv-ing(动名词)?”Would you mind allowing us to use the basin by the side of the cupboard?请允许我们使用器皿柜旁边的洗脸盆,好吗?3)“Why notv.(动词原形)?”Why not do as your teacher tells you to?为什么不按你们老师吩咐的去做呢?4)“祈使句+附加疑问句?”“Let us do, will you/won't you?”Let us do the experiment ourselves, will/won't you?允许我们自己作实验,好吗?“
53、Let's do, shall we/shan't we?”Let's make sure the lights are turned off and the door is locked, shall/shan't we? 让我们核实一下关灯和锁门的事吧,好吗?“Let me do, will you/won't you/may I?” 让我替你收拾实验室,好吗?“Do, will/won't/would you/can/can't/could you?”Show me how to use this water pump, won
54、39;t you?教我怎样使用这台抽水泵,好吗?“Don't do, will you?” 别碰我书桌上的文件,好吗?Model:现在停止吹气,你就会发现玻璃又明净了。Now stop blowing,and soon you will find the glass clear again,1)动动脑筋,你就会想出更好的办法来,2)再问问她,她就会告诉你的。3)下午把书带来,我替你还。 【祈使句专项练习】I. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Its an important meeting. _ (not, be )late.2. _ (not,make) any nise! Y
55、our mother is sleeping.3. _ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and _ (be) polite.4. _ ( not, talk) and _ (read) aloud.5. _ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.6. _ (look) out! A car is coming.7. _ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.8. _ (not, let) the bab
56、y cry.9. Wear more clothes or you _ (catch) a cold.10. Lets _ (not, say) anything about it.II. 选择填空 ( )1 .Her doctor said: “_ work so hard” A Stop B Dont C Cant D No ( )2. Sindy, _ to be here at 8 oclock A is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure ( )3._ when you cross the road. A Do care B Ca
57、re C Do be careful D To be careful ( )4. _him the secret, will you? A Dont tell B Not to tell C Not telling D No telling ( )5. _ in bed. Its bad for your eyes. A Not to read B Dont read C Dont to read D Not read ( )6. _ Your child. Well look after him. A Not to worry about B Dont worry aboutC Not wo
58、rry for D Dont worry with ( )7.They are very tired. Why _ have a rest? A not they B do not they C dont they D not to ( )8 -You look rather tired. _ stopping to have a rest? - All right. A Why not B How about C Why not to Dwhy dont ( ) 9 _ tell a lie. A Hardly B Not C No D Never ( )10.Please _ look o
59、utside. Look at the blackboard. A not B dont C arent D cant ( )11. Why dont you join us in the game? A What not B Why not C Why to D How to ( ) 12 _ go for the book alone, Ms Zhang. A Lets B Let me C Letus D Allow ( )13 John, read the text for us,_? A does he B will he C do you D will you ( )14. Lets do it at once, _ ? A shall we B will you C do we D do you ( )15. Let us do it at once, _ ? A shall we B will you C do we D do you 感叹句一、感叹句通常有what, how引导,
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