高考非限制性定语从句详解

1、Grammar and usage引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词指代人指代人 指代事物指代事物 所属关系所属关系 指地点指地点 指时间指时间 指原因指原因 who/whom/thatwhich/thatwhosewherewhenwhy关系副词关系副词关系代词关系代词Finish the attributive clauses below:1. The lesson _ we studied yesterday was hard to understand. 2. You can take any book _ interests you best.3. People like to

2、 live in a place _ theres fresh air and little noise.thatwhich / that Practice where4. The girl _ you saw at the meeting is a well-known swimmer. 5. He is the very worker _ picture we saw in the newspaper yesterday. 6. He was very happy on the day _ he entered the university.7. I never really unders

3、tand the reason _ he made such a serious mistake. whom / thatwhosewhenwhy8. The young lady _ wears a white blouse is my elder sister. 9.The tall boy, _ is sitting there, plays basketball very well.whowhoQuestion:Whats the difference between No. 8 and No. 9? 定语从句分为定语从句分为限制性定语从句限制性定语从句(restrictive)和和非

4、限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive)两种。限制性定语两种。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词从句紧跟先行词,与先行词之间一与先行词之间一般不加逗号；非限制性定语从句与般不加逗号；非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号分开。主句之间通常用逗号分开。1. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.2. Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing quickly.Example 1Conclusion 1当先行词是地名、人名、世界上独一无当先行词是地名、人名、世界上独

5、一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句修饰。非限制性定语从句修饰。1. I have a sister who / that works in a hospital. 我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。2. I have a sister, who works in a hospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。Example 2不只一位姐姐不只一位姐姐只有一位姐姐只有一位姐姐3. The magazines here have nice pictures in them were writte

6、n by him. 里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。4. The magazines here, which have nice pictures in them, were written by him. 所有的杂志都是他写的所有的杂志都是他写的, 里面都有漂亮里面都有漂亮的图画。的图画。杂志不止一杂志不止一类类杂志只有一类杂志只有一类Conclusion 21. 限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切,是先行词不可缺少的部分是先行词不可缺少的部分,如果去掉如果去掉它，主句意思往往不明确。它，主句意思往往不明确。 2. 非限制性定语从

7、句是对先行词的补非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充或说明充或说明,去掉它也不会影响主句的去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。意思。This is the house (which/ that )we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。2. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这房子很漂亮这房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。是我们上个月买的。Example 3限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句3. He seems not to have grasped

8、what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没领会我的意思他似乎没领会我的意思, 这使我心烦。这使我心烦。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句Conclusion 31. 限制性定语从句可以由关系代词限制性定语从句可以由关系代词,关系副词来关系副词来引导，关系代词作宾语时可以省略。引导，关系代词作宾语时可以省略。2. 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,又可修饰又可修饰整个主句整个主句,不可用不可用that引导且关系代词不可以引导且关系代词不可以省略省略。1. The famous basketball star, _ comes

9、from America, will visit our school soon.2. In those days, she used to go to Mr. Black,with _ she had a wonderful time.3. I bought a car yesterday, _ cost me a lot.whichwhomwho Practice4. Xian, _I visited last year, is a nice old city.5. He will come to see me next July, _ he wont be so busy.6. The

10、school, _ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.7. John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true.whichwherewhenwhich非限制性定语从句考点归纳：非限制性定语从句考点归纳： which引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句, 代替整代替整个主句。个主句。 He missed the show, which was really a great pity. 他错过了演出，这真是很大的遗憾。他错过了演出，这真是很大的遗憾。2. He in

11、vited me to dinner, which made me very happy. 他请我吃饭，这使我很高兴。他请我吃饭，这使我很高兴。Conclusion which在引导非限制性定语从句时在引导非限制性定语从句时, which可代替整个主句，相当于可代替整个主句，相当于and this或或and that。 当先行词为前面的整个主句时，用关系代词当先行词为前面的整个主句时，用关系代词which引导引导非限制性定语从句，这时从句谓语非限制性定语从句，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。动词要用第三人称单数。He seems not to have grasped what I mean

12、t, greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。关系代词关系代词as和和which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 as和和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：不同之处。具体情况是： 1As和和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。代表前面整个句

13、子。He was honest, as/which we can see. 2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，另外，as有有“正如正如，正像，正像”的意思的意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his acce

14、nt. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe.注意注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用常用which (5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3.先行词前常被先行词前常被such,the same, so,as 修饰，即构成修饰，即构成suchas , the same as

15、, soas, asas结构，结构， (1) I have never heard such a story as he tells. (2) He is not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week. 注意：当先行词由注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定引导定语从句，但是和由语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同所引导的定语从句意思不同 (4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys we

16、dding. 她穿着她在她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。 (5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。(两件相似的东西两件相似的东西)4 as引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有as is well known/ is known to allas is said beforeas we all can seeas is expected/ hoped/ supposed,.5 当非限定性定语从句的谓语为当非限定性

17、定语从句的谓语为be known(said, announced, reported, expected)等被动形式时，常用等被动形式时，常用as引导引导Washington was the father of America, is known to all. Practice Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.2. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. 3. It rained hard

18、yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.whichwhichwhichII. all / some/ of + whom / which引导非引导非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 He has told us many stories, all of which are about the famous Long Match.2. The students of Class 1, some of whom came from Japan, went camping yesterday.Conclusion 在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定

19、语从句中,一些表达数量一些表达数量或定位的数词或代词如或定位的数词或代词如 all/ some/ one/ both/ neither/ none/ any/ either/ any 等可等可与与 of 构成介词词组修饰限制先行词构成介词词组修饰限制先行词,此时此时先行词在其后的定语从句中作介词的宾语先行词在其后的定语从句中作介词的宾语,关系代词不可用关系代词不可用that。如先行词指人则用如先行词指人则用whom，如先行词指物则用，如先行词指物则用which引导从句。引导从句。1. Many students in this school, some of which are not ove

20、rweight, are going on diets.2. There are 54 students in my class and ten of whom come from US.whomCorrection:them3. Half a million pairs of shoes are produced by the workers here every year, 80% of whom are sold abroad. 4. I have many friends in this town, some of which are businessman. 5. I am doin

21、g different types of exercises, all of them are quite helpful to my health.whichwhich 或或 all 前加前加andwhomPractice time Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _ made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which2. The English play, _ my students acted at the New Years par

22、ty ,was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which3. There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that4. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. A. w

23、hen B. which C. what D. that非限制性定语从句中通常使用非限制性定语从句中通常使用下列关系代词和副词下列关系代词和副词关系代词：关系代词：which / who / whom / whose /as 关系副词关系副词when / where/for which(非限制性定语从句中不用关系词非限制性定语从句中不用关系词that；非限制性定语从句中关系词；非限制性定语从句中关系词不能省略不能省略)限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上形式上不用逗号和主句隔不用逗号和主句隔开开用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义上意义上是先行词不可缺少是先行词

24、不可缺少的定语，不能删除的定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充说是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完明，删除后意思仍完整整译法上译法上翻译成先行词的定翻译成先行词的定语，语，“的的”通常翻译成主句的并通常翻译成主句的并列句列句关系词关系词的使用的使用上上A.做宾语时可省略做宾语时可省略 B.可用可用that, why C.可用可用who代替代替whom A.做宾语时做宾语时不不可省略可省略 B.不不用用that, why C.不不用用who代替代替whom限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1 He is the only one of the students who praised by the teacher.2 He is one of the students who praised by the teacher注意