基础英语真题题型

1、基础英语真题题型及经验准备考研是一个漫长的过程。建议按照题型进行训练,做一些题是非常有必要的。题的话可以做专八的题，但是大家都感觉北语基础英语的题的难度小于专八。所以你专八做好了，就不愁基础英语的考试了。建议把专业八级词汇拿下来 要记牢 词汇题10分可以至少对8分;阅读速度要快，平时阅读量一定要大;翻译看看翻译书和专八真题，要把握一定的翻译技巧，先把原文译了，和人家高手的译文对比一下，也看看他写的一些常用技巧。作文是议论文，用专八作文练就行（我用的“冲击波”），自己检查错误，有错误才有收获。像是阅读和翻译每天都要练，写作每周都要有练习的。练得多了自然做题就有感觉了。背专八单词(杨鹏17天搞定G

2、RE单词)China daily 热词中高口词汇专八真题专八模拟题专八专项练习星火专八阅读背新概念3和4 单词、阅读、翻译写作英语专业八级写作 世界图书出版社或冲击波的英语专业考研:基础英语高分突破吴中东 宫玉波 世界图书出版公司英语专业基础英语考研真题详解金圣才 中国石化出版社以上书目都是以前的学姐提到过的，我个人用的是星火的专八阅读、作文、词汇，翻译用的是从网上下了几篇英译中国现代散文选中的文章，其实我们平时看语言学的书对基英也是有帮助的，都是英文嘛基础英语题型10:60:30:30:501、 词汇语法题10个10分；（专八词汇足够了，但要注意区分近义词）2、 改错；（单句改错或短文改错）

3、要细心2009年之后没考过改错3、 阅读6篇25题50分；（专八难度，照着专八练，买本专八的模拟题练） 平时多看看外文杂志，训练阅读速度。好好做，认真审题，一定要抓紧时间，别忘了后面还有两篇翻译和一篇作文，千万别在某些选项上较劲，一不小心可能作文就写不完了 总体评价：阅读比较侧重人文方面，还有少量的科技方面的东西，不算太难。平时多看看一些文章，加深理解吧。曾考过：1、冲击波原题一篇，关于哈利波特的 2009 2、关于archaeologist在泰国一带新发现了历史遗址2009 3、殖民时期的美国的住房的特点，建筑风格 2010 4、美国的人文 2010 5、算是科技的吧，智力的影响因素展开讨论

4、和例证 2010 6、俄罗斯的湿地公园，第一个私人自然保护中心的建立及其他事项 2010 7、记忆力的问题，短期记忆能力测试方法2010 8、史前动物猛犸象 2010 9、一篇关于电影的；一篇经济的；还有一篇海盗船只的 还有3篇阅读原文附在最后 20124、 中译英段落翻译30'；（多是散文翻译，照着专八练）曾考过：1、一段关于写作中繁简的论述，似乎是名篇，以前似乎在哪见过，但要把这给译好可真不简单啊。2007 2、偏文学 2008 3、选自朱光潜先生的 谈人生价值（张培基散文）2009 一个人的生活是否丰富，就是说有无价值，要看他对于心灵或精神生活的努力和成就的大小。如果只顾衣食饱暖

5、而对于真善美不感兴趣，他就成为一具行尸走肉了。这番道理本无深文奥意，但是说起来好像很迂阔。灵与肉的冲突本来是一个古老而不易化除的冲突。许多人因顾到肉遂忘记灵，相习成风，心灵生活便被视为怪诞无稽的事。尤其是近代人被物质的舒适这个观念所迷惑，大家争着去拜财神，财神也就笼罩了一切。青年人都应及早确定自己一生的使命，自己去寻求自己的终身工作。（约217字） 4、主题是家居，大体内容是：家应该有家的味道，因为家首先是给人住的，太干净的家反倒不像家。家具的布置是次要的，真正使家成为家的是其中居住着的男人和女人。家居布置应该有自己的特点和灵魂，就像房子的主人一样；可惜现代住房的格局都有一个先天缺陷，那就是千

6、篇一律。如果人们在此基础上还按照一样的风格去布置家居，那未免太遗憾了。 2010 5、利玛窦的生平介绍 2011 6、汉译英 30分（出自2010年政府工作报告） 2012今年是继续应对国际金融危机、保持经济平稳较快发展、加快转变经济发展方式的关键一年，是全面实现“十一五”规划目标、为“十二五”发展打好基础的重要一年。今年经济社会发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长8%左右；城镇新增就业900万人以上，城镇登记失业率控制在4.6%以内；居民消费价格涨幅3%左右；国际收支状况改善。这里要着重说明，提出国内生产总值增长8%左右，主要是强调好字当头，引导各方面把工作重点放到转变经济发展方式、调整经

7、济结构上来。提出居民消费价格涨幅3%左右，综合考虑了去年价格变动的翘尾因素、国际大宗商品价格的传导效应、国内货币信贷增长的滞后影响以及居民的承受能力，并为资源环境税费和资源性产品价格改革留有一定空间。（约300字）5、 英译中段落翻译30'；（照着专八练）曾考过：1、好象是布什2001的发言，关于一个名叫“no child left behind”的法案 2007 2、偏学术，好像是文体学的一个东西，有说到语篇、文体这些东西 2008 3、人在纽约（attitude and energy）2009 一篇有关NewYorker和New York city中贯有的energy和attitu

8、de的文章，说在9.11后依然很好云云。 4、关于英国的乡村美学文化的，要翻的有文采并不容易 2010 5、knowledge is power, but it is both for evil and for good. 2011 6、原文出自The Woods: A Meditation（第二届“芙蓉杯青年翻译奖”）2012What brought me to the woods was the prospect of living on earth with nothing between me and the earthnone of the electronic gibber-jab

9、ber(考的时候北语改了个词，turbulance?). I craved directness and quiet. What brought me to the woods was an impulse to get lost, to almost literally be off the map. America was vast and a fair amount of it still looked as though not many people lived there. I liked the prospect of thinking about land not in ter

10、ms of building lots but acres. What brought me to the woods was generational. My wife and I were part of the back-to-the-land movement of the Sixties and Seventies, the little tide of people who wanted to return to a countryside they had never experienced. What brought me to the woods was romanticis

11、m. I wanted to feel elemental sublimity, the full force of the stars and rain and wind. What brought me to the woods was pragmatism. I wanted to learn how to take care of my self. What brought me to the woods was my being an urban Jew who was ready to leave behind the vestiges of assimilated religio

12、n and culture that had been bequeathed to me. I wasnt ashamed of it. I craved, however, something different from the largely asphalt landscape I grew up in. What brought me to the woods was the longing to be with words in an undistracted place. “Woods” and “words” were almost identical.（约250词）译文：我来到

13、这片林地是出于一种期望，期望与大自然零距离接触，没有一丝电器的干扰我渴望宁静与直面自然；我来到这片林地是出于一种遁世的冲动，想让自己归隐山林、销声匿迹。美国地域广袤，但仍有不少地方人居不多，我憧憬中的大地应该是田园亩亩而不是大楼幢幢；我来到这片林地是出于一代人的情素，我和妻子都是六、七十年代“回归土地”运动的成员，那是一股小小的时代潮流，我们向往着从未体验过的乡村生活；我来到这片林地是出于一种浪漫情结，想亲身感受天地之精华，体验星辰与风雨的自然真力；我来到这片林地是出于一种实用的想法，想学会自己照料自己；我来到这片林地是出于一种追求，作为一个都市犹太人，我情愿丢掉那世代相传、铭心镂骨的宗教文化

14、遗训对此我不觉愧疚也要追求某种别样的东西，而绝不是我成长环境中沥青水泥铺天盖地的景象；我来到这片林地是出于一种渴望，渴望于树林中寻一清净之地潜心读书，“树”“书”相偕相成，乃天作之合。6、 作文30',300350400字；（照着专八练，一周练一篇）曾考过：1、题目是关于“对中国游客在境外不文明行为这一现象发表自己的观点”。2007 2、评论关于成功学类书；有一种观点是，别人成功了，但还是别人的经验而已，不适合自己；另一种观点是，我们从别人的经验中学到东西，自己才能成功。 2008 3、merits and equality（像是专八的题目）2009 merit & equal

15、ity is a debate discussed for long time, if merit is rewarded, competition appears, people get what they want by competing others,if reward is given out equally, people may become more civilized and polite to each other, but people may not work harder any more since it cannot bring them anywhere.就这个

16、话题写作文，字数在300350 4、如果说英国人贡献了工业革命，意大利人对世界的贡献是文艺复兴，德国人是哲学，美国人是人权，那么中国对世界文明的贡献是什么？2010 5、should the rich people share their wealth or not 2011 6、背景：很多路人因为害怕被伤者诬陷为肇事者甚至扯上官司而不对车祸伤者伸出援手。To Help or not, is that a question? 20122012年北语基础英语真题之阅读理解Passage 1 （1989年考研真题）A scientist once said: “I have concluded t

17、hat the earth is being visited by intelligently controlled vehicles from outer space.”If we take this as a reasonable explanation for UFOs (unidentified flying objects), questions immediately come up.“Why dont they get in touch with us, then? Why dont they land right on the White House lawn and decl

18、are themselves?” people asked.In reply, scientists say that, while this may be what we want, it may not necessarily be what they want.“The most likely explanation, it seems to me,” said Dr. Mead, “is that they are simply watching what we are up to - that responsible society outside our solar system

19、is keeping an eye on us to see that we dont set in motion a chain reaction that might have unexpected effects for outside our solar system.”Opinions from other scientists might go like this: “Why should they want to get in touch with us? We may feel were more important than we really are! They may w

20、ant to observe us only and not interfere with the development of our civilization. They may not care if we see them but they also may not care to say hello.”Some scientists have also suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife reserve. Just as we set aside wilderness areas and wildlife reserve

21、s to allow animals and growing things to develop naturally while we observe them, so perhaps Earth was set aside ages ago for the same purpose.Are we being observed by intelligent beings from other civilizations in the universe? Are they watching our progress in space travel? Do we live in a giganti

22、c “zoo” observed by our “keepers,” but having no communication with them?Never before in our history have we had to confront ideas like these. The simple fact is that we, who have always regarded ourselves as supreme in the universe, may not be so. Now we have to recognize that, among the stars in t

23、he heavens, there may very well be worlds inhabited by beings who are to us as we are to ants.1. According to Dr. Mead, the attitude of beings from outer space toward us is one of _.A unfriendlinessB suspicionC superiorityD hostility2. The tone of the writer is that of _.A doubtB warningC indifferen

24、ceD criticismPassage 2 （70天攻克考研英语阅读 DAY55）There can be few more depressing stories in the entire history of mans exploitation of nature than the destruction of the unfortunate great whales. The whales have not only suffered untold cruelty but now face total extermination. Already entire populations

25、have been wiped out, and the only reason why no species has yet been finished off is due to the vastness and inaccessibility of the oceans; a pocket or two somewhere has always managed to escape. How ironic if biological extinction were to complete the job.The basic rule of extinction is very simple

26、:it occurs when a species morality is continually greater than its recruitment. There are though, some very special additional factors in the case of whales.Man does not actually have to kill the last whales of a species with his own hands, as it were, to cause its disappearance. Biological extincti

27、on will quickly follow the end of commercial whaling, should that end be due to a shortage of raw material, i.e. of whales. Whalers have long sought to defend their wretched trade by insisting that whales are automatically protected: as soon as they become rare, and therefore uneconomic to pursue， m

28、an will have no choice but to stop the hunting. That is a very nice theory, but it is the theory of an accountant and not of a biologist; only an accountant could apply commercial economics to complex biological systems. The reasons for its absurdity are many and varied. In the case of whaling, it c

29、an be summed up in the following way. When the stock has been reduced below a critical level, a natural, possibly unstoppable downward spiral begins because of three main factors. First, the animals lucky enough to survive the slaughter will be too scattered to locate one another owing to the vastne

30、ss of the oceans. Secondly， whales being sociable animals probably need the stimulus of sizeable gatherings to induce reproductive behavior (which has social inferences as well as sexual). It is quite likely that two individuals meeting through chance will not be compatible. (They can hardly be expe

31、cted to be aware of their own rarity or to realize any need for adjusting their natural inclinations.) This is especially so with polygamous species like the Sperm Whale. Thirdly, and perhaps most important in the long term, even allowing that the whales might still be able to band together in socia

32、lly acceptable groups (thanks to their undeniable excellent communicative systems), there is a real danger, possibly even a probability, that the whale gene pools would by then have sunk so low as to be biologically unviable. That is to say, the characteristics possessed by the original population w

33、ould be whittled down to those characters possessed by only the few remaining individuals. The result of such a biological calamity is inbreeding, less ability to adapt to new conditions, and less individual variety. Three words can sum it up: protracted biological extinction. The future “hopes” of

34、these animals are further discussed in the final chapter.1. When does a species become extinct？A. When there is more hunting.B. It is not mentioned in the article.C. When more animals go on dying than they are born.D. When human beings continue to kill them.2. Whalers argue that whales will not beco

35、me extinctA. because they are not self-protected.B. because they are not worth pursuing.C. because the oceans are so vast.D. because hunting will stop when whales become rare.3. The writer believes that the whalers argument isA. very nice. B. rather absurd.C. unreasonable. D. biologically acceptable

36、.4. Many species of whales will not breed unlessA. they are in the same group for a long term.B. they are isolated from other species.C. they are in the company of many other whales.D. There are enough genes available.5. The writer considers that protracted biological extinctionA. is very likely to

37、happen.B. is probably dangerous.C. is important to happen.D. is the main reason for the extinction.Passage 3 (GMAT阅读练习)In the two decades between 1910 and 1930, over ten percent of the Black population of the United States left the South, where the preponderance of the Black population had been loca

38、ted, and migrated to northern states, with the largest number moving, it is claimed, between 1916 and 1918. It has been frequently assumed, but not proved, that the majority of the migrants in what has come to be called the Great Migration came from rural areas and were motivated by two concurrent f

39、actors: the collapse of the cotton industry following the boll weevil (boll weevil: n. 棉籽象鼻虫) infestation, which began in 1898, and increased demand in the North for labor following the cessation of European immigration caused by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. This assumption has led t

40、o the conclusion that the migrants subsequent lack of economic mobility in the North is tied to rural background, a background that implies unfamiliarity with urban living and a lack of industrial skills.But the question of who actually left the South has never been rigorously investigated. Although

41、 numerous investigations document an exodus from rural southern areas to southern cities prior to the Great Migration, no one has considered whether the same migrants then moved on to northern cities. In 1910 over 600,000 Black workers, or ten percent of the Black work force, reported themselves to

42、be engaged in “manufacturing and mechanical pursuits,” the federal census category roughly encompassing the entire industrial sector. The Great Migration could easily have been made up entirely of this group and their families. It is perhaps surprising to argue that an employed population could be e

43、nticed to move, but an explanation lies in the labor conditions then prevalent in the South.About thirty-five percent of the urban Black population in the South was engaged in skilled trades. Some were from the old artisan class of slaveryblacksmiths, masons, carpenterswhich had had a monopoly of ce

44、rtain trades, but they were gradually being pushed out by competition, mechanization, and obsolescence. The remaining sixty-five percent, more recently urbanized, worked in newly developed industriestobacco, lumber, coal and iron manufacture, and railroads. Wages in the South, however, were low, and

45、 Black workers were aware, through labor recruiters and the Black press, that they could earn more even as unskilled workers in the North than they could as artisans in the South. After the boll weevil infestation, urban Black workers faced competition from the continuing influx of both Black and Wh

46、ite rural workers, who were driven to undercut the wages formerly paid for industrial jobs. Thus, a move north would be seen as advantageous to a group that was already urbanized and steadily employed, and the easy conclusion tying their subsequent economic problems in the North to their rural backg

47、round comes into question.1. The author indicates explicitly that which of the following records has been a source of information in her investigation?(A) United States Immigration Service reports from 1914 to 1930(B) Payrolls of southern manufacturing firms between 1910 and 1930(C) The volume of co

48、tton exports between 1898 and 1910(D) The federal census of 19102. In the passage, the author anticipates which of the following as a possible objection to her argument?(A) It is uncertain how many people actually migrated during the Great Migration.(B) The eventual economic status of the Great Migr

49、ation migrants has not been adequately traced.(C) It is not likely that people with steady jobs would have reason to move to another area of the country.(D) It is not true that the term “manufacturing and mechanical pursuits” actually encompasses the entire industrial sector. 3. The primary purpose

50、of the passage is to(A) support an alternative to an accepted methodology(B) present evidence that resolves a contradiction(C) introduce a recently discovered source of information(D) challenge a widely accepted explanation4. According to information in the passage, which of the following is a corre

51、ct sequence of groups of workers, from highest paid to lowest paid, in the period between 1910 and 1930?(A) Artisans in the North; artisans in the South; unskilled workers in the North; unskilled workers in the South(B) Artisans in the North and South; unskilled workers in the North; unskilled worke

52、rs in the South(C) Artisans in the North; unskilled workers in the North; artisans in the South(D) Artisans in the North and South; unskilled urban workers in the North; unskilled rural workers in the South5. The material in the passage would be most relevant to a long discussion of which of the fol

53、lowing topics?(A) The reasons for the subsequent economic difficulties of those who participated in the Great Migration(B) The effect of migration on the regional economies of the United States following the First World War(C) The transition from a rural to an urban existence for those who migrated

54、in the Great Migration(D) The transformation of the agricultural South following the boll weevil infestation2013 基础英语 真题回忆一、单选 考了语法的搭配和单词 个人觉得很难 没几个拿得准的二、阅读 今年是5篇阅读理解 感觉文章不难 选对还真是不容易 1、 Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal k

55、nives and more recently, rubber and plastic and that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the

56、art and science of surgery.The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a year large number of different complaints. The word “laser” means: light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. As we all know, light is hot, any source of light - fr

57、om the sun itself down to a humble match burning - will give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular