华北理工大学土木工程毕业设计大摘要2

1、摘要本次毕业设计是唐山宏远公司办公楼建筑设计，层高3.3米。建筑物总高度为13.2米,采用框架结构，主体为4层，本地区抗震设防烈度为8度，场地类别为II类场地。楼屋盖均采用现浇钢筋混凝土结构。主要进行的是结构设计部分。结构设计简而言之就是用结构语言来表达工程师所要表达的东西。结构语言就是结构师从建筑及其它专业图纸中所提炼简化出来的结构元素，包括基础、墙、柱、梁、板、楼梯、大样细部图等等。然后用这些结构元素来构成建筑物或构筑物的结构体系，包括竖向和水平的承重及抗力体系，再把各种情况产生的荷载以最简洁的方式传递至基础。该设计包括三部分：建筑设计、结构设计和施工设计。其中，建筑设计主要是建筑物的平、

2、立、剖面设计；结构设计有结构构件的布置及构件尺寸的初定，统计荷载，内力计算（横向水平地震作用下内力计算采用D值法，竖向荷载作用下内力计算采用弯矩二次分配法），内力组合，配筋设计，楼梯设计，楼板设计，基础设计等；施工设计主要有施工组织设计说明书，施工进度计划安排，施工平面布置和主要分部工程施工方案设计。设计过程中，计算部分使用手算，绘图部分使用CAD、Tarch7.1、以及PKPM2002绘图软件。设计成果有设计说明书一份，建筑结构施工图纸共14张。该办公楼采用内廊式框架结构形式，使用安全。该设计共分为三大部分，分别是：建筑设计、结构设计和施工组织设计。建筑设计部分：综合了几个方案的优点，考虑可

3、影响建筑的各种因素，采用了经济、实用、美观的方案。在确定建筑方案后，使用CAD绘图软件，绘制出建筑平、立、剖面图，以及各种详图，并编制了建筑设计总说明。建筑施工图纸7张，分别是：首层平面图、二三层平面图、顶层平面图、正立面图、侧立面图、1-1剖面图、楼梯剖面图及平面图、墙身大样图。该办公楼的平面设计采用内廊式，成一字形，功能房间对称布置，各个房间的开间和进深比较均匀协调。根据该楼的建筑面积和人流量，在建筑内设计了三部可以从一层到达四层的双跑楼梯，一部在大厅，另两部对称布置在东、西两侧。考虑到该建筑物的办公功能，对于一些办公室、活动室、资料室、会议室等的开间设计得比较大，让人感觉宽敞舒服，有利于

4、员工提供一个较好的工作环境。为了使该办公楼给人一种比较气派的感觉，在首层中部设有较大的门厅，并在办公楼大门外设有较宽广的台阶。办公楼的立面设计简洁、美观、大方。外墙装饰以贴瓷砖为主，门窗布置比较匀称和规则，看上去比较明朗美观。为了增强立面给人的视觉效果，在墙裙部位用灰色贴瓷装饰，增强了气派感。结构设计部分：分别从结构的体系选择、结构总体的布置、楼屋盖的结构方案及基础方案的选择等多方面进行了论述和详细的计算。结构计算大致分为以下几个步骤：(1)荷载统计：荷载统计是在初选截面的基础上进行的，其计算过程是按从上到下的顺序进行的，荷载的取值按各层房间的使用功能及位置的不同，查荷载规范确定。 按建筑方案

5、中的平立剖面设计 ，选定计算简图，并初选构件的截面。(2)框架变形验算：验算了框架在水平地震作用下横向变形。此过程中，采用了节点位移法计算结构的自震周期，按底部剪力法建立并考虑了节点附加水平地震作用。(3)横向框架的内力分析：分别分析了横向框架在水平地震作用及竖向荷载作用下的内力，用弯矩二次分配法计算梁端、柱端弯矩。(4)内力组合：对恒载、活载及地震荷载进行三种不同得内力组合，选出最不利内力，并以此为依据对框架梁、柱进行截面设计。(5)板的设计： 用塑性铰线法进行计算并进行配筋。(6)楼梯设计： 采用板式楼梯进行楼梯板、平台板、平台梁的计算和配筋。(7)基础设计： 采用柱下独立基础，根据基本工

6、程条件确定基础尺寸并验算其承载能力，进行基础的抗冲切验算、受弯计算等，再进行配筋。施工组织设计部分：根据工程概况进行一系列的施工部署，进行了一定的工程量的具体统计，计算相关的数据与指标，编制出施工进度计划、材料需要量计划、劳动力需要量计划和机具需要量计划，绘制出施工总平面图，根据施工准备的条件编制施工准备计划，选择适当的施工方案和施工方法，并列出一些质量安全措施。本工程总的施工顺序为先地下后地上，先主体后维护，先土建后设备安装，先结构后装饰。主体结构自下而上逐层分段流水施工。根据工程的施工条件，全工程分三阶段进行施工：第一阶段，基础工程；第二阶段，结构工程；第三阶段,装修工程。施工组织设计图纸

7、2张，分别是：施工进度计划和施工总平面图。本设计依据设计要求和原始资料，运用钢筋混凝土、结构力学基本原理及土力学和对材料性质的深刻了解，遵守设计规则，保证建筑结构合理，所有材料的质量和强度合格，工艺良好。建筑设计采取积极措施来增强建筑物的外表强度和坚固性，给人以心理上的安全感。另外，还要有艺术的美感，要有时代气息。结构体系是钢筋混凝土框架结构，用砌块做填充墙。结构设计是使结构物得到足够的强度、刚度和韧性的过程。结构体系选择后，进行荷载分析和强度分析，同时考虑与建筑经济学的关系，把材料制作安装所需成本、所用时间，以及结构使用期间的维修联系起来。施工组织设计按照科学的依据分项工程，流水施工的方法，

8、合理安排施工顺序，注意安全措施，力求经济效益。关键词：建筑 办公楼 毕业设计 框架结构 土木工程AbstractThis graduation project is an office building of Tangshanhongyuan company industrial，the building store height 3.3 meters, the heights of building is 13.2 meters.This works is a framework structure for a four-storey main, in the region earthqua

9、ke intensity of 8 degrees near Lan site classification as Class II venues. Floor roof were using cast-in-place reinforced concrete structure. it was some of structural design that mainly carried on. The structural design expresses the thing that the engineer will express in structural language in br

10、ief. The structural language is structural elements simplified out refined from the building and other specialized drawings of structural engineer, including foundation, wall, column, roof beam, board, stair, full-page proof detail picture, etc. Then come to form the structural systems of the buildi

11、ng or structures with these structural elements, including verticality and bearing and resist strength system of level, and then various load that situation produce in a most succinct way from transmission to foundation.Using the framework of the structure of the project. The design includes three p

12、arts: the architectural design, structural design and construction design. Among them, the architectural design of buildings is mainly flat, lap, profile design; structural design of the layout of structural members and components of the initial size, statistical load calculation of internal forces

13、(the level of seismic cross-cutting internal force calculation method using D, vertical Internal force calculation load distribution method using the second moment), combination of internal forces, reinforced design, stair design, floor design, the basis of design; construction design major construc

14、tion organization design specification, construction progress of plans, construction layout and the main Design engineering division. The design process, the calculation of some of the use of hand-counting, drawing some of the use of CAD, Tarch7.1, as well as mapping software PKPM2002. Design result

15、s of a design specification, construction blueprints and building structures a total of 22. The use of two-way symmetrical arrangement of buildings within the corridors of the frame structure, the use of security. The design is divided into three parts, namely: architectural design, structural desig

16、n and construction organization design. Part of architectural design: a combination of the advantages of several programs, consider the various factors that affect the construction, use of economic, practical and aesthetic programs. In determining the post-construction program, the use of CAD drawin

17、g software, drawing a construction-ping, Li, profiles, and a variety of details, and the preparation of the architectural design of the overall description. 11 construction drawings, which are: General Information Building, first floor plan, the standard floor plan, top-level floor plan, roof plan,

18、the North elevation, South elevation, east-west elevation, 1-1 profile, the staircase profiles and plans, large wall-like maps and details of the bathroom. The office building used in the graphic design gallery-style, into a shape, function room symmetrical arrangement, each room into the hall and t

19、he coordination of the deep uniform. According to the construction area of the building and traffic building designed in three five-story from the arrival of the double layer of running the stairs, one in the hall, and the other two symmetrical arrangement in the East and West on both sides. Taking

20、into account the functions of the office building, for some offices, activity rooms, library, reading room, etc. more than design, spacious and comfortable feel will help provide a better working environment. In order to give the building a more sense of style, in the first floor has a large central

21、 hall, and peripherals in the office door to a more broad level. Office building facade design simple, beautiful, generous. Decorative wall tiles in the main paste, relatively symmetrical arrangement of windows and doors and rules clearer look beautiful. Elevation in order to enhance the visual effe

22、cts people, in parts dado decoration with mushroom gray, enhances a sense of style. The structural design of components: the structure of the system from the choice of the structure of the overall layout, floor and roof of the structure of the program based on the choice of programs, etc. are discus

23、sed and detailed calculations. Structure calculation is broadly divided into the following steps: (1) Load Statistics: Statistics in the primary load on the basis of cross-section, and its calculation is based on the order from top to bottom, the load value by using the function room on each floor a

24、nd the location of the different search determine the load specification. Construction program by the Ping Li profile design, selection of the calculation diagram, and the primary component of the cross-section. (2) The framework of deformation checking: a framework for checking the level of seismic

25、 horizontal deformation. This process, the use of the node displacement method to calculate the structure of the self-shock cycles, the bottom shear established by taking into account the additional level of seismic action node. (3) Of the Internal Forces of the horizontal framework of analysis: ana

26、lysis of the horizontal framework of the respective horizontal and vertical seismic loads of the internal forces, with the second moment method to calculate the distribution of beam and column end moment. (4) Combination of internal forces: on the dead load, live load and seismic loading was carried

27、 out in three different combinations of internal forces, internal forces to elect the most disadvantaged, and use it as the basis of the framework of beams and columns designed to carry out cross-section. (5) Board design: plastic hinge method used to calculate and reinforcement.(6) The design of th

28、e staircase: The staircase to staircase plate panels, platform boards, platform computing and reinforcement beam. (7) The basis of design: the use of an independent basis for the next column, in accordance with the conditions of capital works based on the size and checked to determine its load-beari

29、ng capacity to carry out check-based anti-punching, bending calculation, further reinforcement. Construction of part of organizational design: a series of profiles based on the engineering construction plans to carry out a certain amount of project specific statistics, calculation of data and indica

30、tors related to the preparation of the construction schedule, material requirements plan, the labor requirements for plans and equipment needs the volume of plans, to map out the overall construction plan, in accordance with the conditions for the preparation of construction ready to prepare constru

31、ction plans, the selection of appropriate construction methods and construction program and a list of quality measures. Construction of the project on the ground floor of the order of priority to the ground, after the first main maintenance, after the first construction equipment installation, the f

32、irst decorative structure. The main structure of sub-water bottom-up layer by layer construction. According to project conditions, the whole project is divided into three construction phases: the first stage, the basis of works; the second phase, structural engineering; the third stage, fitting-out

33、works. Construction design drawings 2, namely: the construction plans and construction progress of the overall plan. Design requirements based on the design and the raw data, the use of reinforced concrete, the basic principles of structural mechanics and soil mechanics and a deep understanding of material properties, to comply with design rule