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1、美语从头学·入门篇 笔记Lesson 1 Greetings 打招呼1Lesson 2 Courtesy 礼貌3Lesson 3 Name,Age and Nationality 姓名、年龄和国籍5Lesson 4 Introductions 介绍7Lesson 5 Occupations 职业8Lesson 6 Time 时间10112Lesson 1 Greetings 打招呼.Dialog 会话Dialog AA:Good morning,May.How are you?B:Hi,Tom.Im fine.And you?A:Not bad.Thanks.B:Good.See y

2、ou.A:Bye.甲:早啊,小梅。你好吗?乙:嗨,汤姆。我很好,你呢?甲:还不错,谢了。乙:很好,再见。甲:再见。Dialog BA:Hi,May.Hows it going?B:Great.And how are you doing?A:Not bad.B:Ok.See you later.A:Take care.B:You too.甲:嗨,小梅。近来如何?乙:很好,那你呢?甲:还不错。乙:好吧,再见。甲:保重。乙:你也是。1.GreetingsGreetings这个词是复数n.问候招呼致意Dont forget to say greetings to uncle Wang.2.Dialog

3、 会话3.Good morningGood morning=I hope you have a good morning.4.badBad 坏Bed 床This bed is bad.这张床坏了。5.Thanks 这个词是复数6.HiHiHey。Hey不礼貌。7.Great=wonderful=cool.VocabularyIdioms 单词短语注解1.good morninggood morning-good afternoon-good evening晚上好Good night 晚安、再见good evening2.Its a fine day today.今天天气不错。.Grammar

4、Notes 语法重点1.good morning 早安(见面时使用)Good afternoon 午安(见面时使用)Good evening 晚安(见面时使用)Good night 晚安(道别时使用)2.再见Goodbye、bye、see you later、see you、see you tomorrow.3.注意下列问候语的区别:How are you?你好吗?(多用于正式场合)How are you doing?你好吗?(多用于熟朋友之间)How are you getting along?你好吗?How have you been?你最近还好吗/近况如何?Hows it going?还

5、好吧/近况如何?Whats up?近况如何?(多为年轻人所用)Whats happening?近况如何?(=Whats up?)4.注意下列的答句:A.上列问候语中,前三个问句均有you,故可使用下列答句:问句:How are you?你好吗? =How are you doing? =How are you getting along?答句:Im fine,thank you.我很好,谢谢你 Great,thanks.很好,谢谢你。 Fine,thanks.不错,谢谢你。 Not bad,thanks.还不错,谢谢你。 So-so,thank you.马马虎虎/还过得去,谢谢你。B.“How

6、 have you been?”是“How are you?”的完成式,故答句不可说“Im fine,thank you.”或“I am fine,thank you.”而要说“I have been fine,thank you.”或“Fine,thank you.”C.问候句“Hows it going?”、“Whats up?”、“Whats happening?”的主语并非you,故答句不可说“Im fine,thank you.”兹分述如下:问句:Hows it going?还好吧/近况如何?答句:Great,thank you.很好,谢谢你。 Fine,thank you.不错,谢

7、谢你。 Not bad,thanks.还不错,谢谢你。 So-so,thank you.马马虎虎/还过得去,谢谢你。问句:Whats up?、Whats happening?近况如何?答句:Nothing much.没什么。 Same as usual.老样子。5.表示“感谢”的用语:Thanks.Thank you.Thank you very much.Thanks a lot.Thanks a million.(谢谢你一般万次).Substitution 替换1.How are you?=How are you doing?你好吗?2.And you?=What about you?=H

8、ow about you?3.Hows it going?、Whats up?、Whats happening?近来如何?.Exercises 练习Where there is a will there is a way.有志者事竟成。Lesson 2 Courtesy 礼貌.Dialog 会话Dialog AA:Excuese me.Are you Ann?B:No.Im not.A:Im sorry.Whos Ann?B:She is.A:Thank you.B:Youre welcome.甲:对不起,请问你是安吗?乙:不,我不是。甲:很抱歉。请问安是哪位?乙:她是。甲:谢谢。乙:不客气。

9、Dialog BA:Hi,Im Tom.B:I beg your pardon?A:Im Tom.B:Oh!Hi,Tom.Im May.A:Nice to meet you,May.B:Pleased to meet you.甲:嗨,我是汤姆。乙:对不起,请再说一遍好吗?甲:我是汤姆。乙:哦!嗨,汤姆。我是小梅。甲:很高兴认识你,小梅。乙:幸会,幸会。1.Courtesy costs nothing.礼多人不怪2.May I beg your pardon?=I beg your pardon?=Pardon?.VocabularyIdioms 单词短语注解1.idiot 傻瓜idiom短语、

10、成语2.courtesy 名词 礼貌3.beg 动词 请求,恳求。4.pardon 名词 原谅,宽恕。.Grammar Notes 语法重点1.Excuese me.对不起/打扰一下。Im sorry.对不起/抱歉。以上两句均译成“对不起”,但用法有别:“Excuese me”用于唤起别人的注意;而“Im sorry”则多表示“抱歉”,尤其是在犯错或有不好的消息要告诉对方时使用。例句:A:Excuese me.Where is the station?B:Im sorry.Im new here.注意:“Excuese me”“Im sorry”之后除可置句点以外,亦可置逗点,再置连接词but

11、,以连接另一个句子。But原意为“但是”,但此处不必译出。因此上列例句亦可写成:A:Excuese me,but where is the station?B:Im sorry,but Im new here.2.Youre welcome.别客气。对方表示谢谢时,可用下列句子或用语回答,这些句子或用语均可译成“别客气”:A:Thank you for your help.B:Youre welcome.=Dont mention it.=Not at all.=No problem.3.I beg your pardon?对不起,请再说一遍好吗?May I beg your pardon?=

12、I beg your pardon?=Beg your pardon?=Pardon me?=Pardon?4.Nice to meet you.很高兴认识你/幸会。=Pleased to meet you.=Glad to meet you.这三句分别由下列完整的句子简化而成:Its nice to meet you.Im pleased to meet you.Im glad to meet you.4.英文中很多句子都是“代名词+be动词”开头的,但在口语中,常为求说话的速度及口气的自然,经常将其简化。“代名词+be动词”简化表人称简化前简化后第一人称单数I am(我是)I'm复

13、数we are(我们是)we're第二人称单数you are(你是)you're复数you are(你们是)you're第三人称单数he is(他是)he'sshe is(她是)she'sit is(它是)it's复数they are(他/她/它 们是)they'reLesson 3 Name,Age and Nationality 姓名、年龄和国籍.Dialog 会话Dialog AA:Excuese me.Whats your name?B:Im May.A:Hi,May.Where are you from?B:Im from Ho

14、ng Kong.What about you?A:Im from Japan.甲:对不起,请问你叫什么名字?乙:我叫小梅。甲:嗨,小梅。你是哪里人?乙:我是香港人。那你呢?甲:我是日本人。Dialog BA:May I have your name,please?B:My name is May.A:How old are you?B:Im twenty-five.A:Where are you from?B:Im from Hong Kong.甲:请问尊姓大名?乙:我叫小梅。甲:你几岁了?乙:我25岁。甲:你是哪里人?乙:我是香港人。.VocabularyIdioms 单词短语注解1.nat

15、ionality 名 国籍2.what about you?那你呢?And you?你呢?3.where are you come from? (×)where are you from? ()where do you come from? ()where do you from? (×)上面4句话,只有where are you from?和where do you come from?是正确的。这两句话的没有区别。.Grammar Notes 语法重点1.疑问句造句法:本段会话中,“Whats your name?”以及“Where are you from?”为含有疑

16、问词what及where的问句,称为疑问句或特殊疑问句。A.形成此类特殊疑问句的疑问词常用的有:what、which、who、where、when、how等,在问句中,这些疑问词一定放在句首。B.中文疑问句与英文疑问句的结构通常是不相同的。中文的疑问句与陈述句结构完全相同,只是前者在句尾加上问号,而后者则置句点。例句:疑问句:他是谁? 陈述句:他是学生。 疑问句:你籍贯哪儿? 陈述句:我籍贯河南。C.但在英文句型中,疑问句及陈述句则有明显的区别。例句:疑问句:Who is he? 陈述句:He is a student. 疑问句:Where are you from? 陈述句:Im from

17、Henan.D.由于中英文结构不尽相同,常造成初学英文者的困扰,因此下列的解说定要熟记,并多多练习造句,方能习惯这些结构。(1)先按中文习惯造一个含疑问词的句子:他是谁? He is who?他何时会来? He when will come?他住在哪里? He lives where?(2)再将疑问词置于句首,即:He is who? Who he is?He when will come? When he will come?He lives where? Where he lives?(3) 若主语之后有be动词时,be动词 与主语要倒装,即:Who he is?Who is he?be动

18、词就是表示“是”的动词,如am,is,are。(4) 若主语之后有助动词时,助动词与主语要倒装,即:When he will come?When will he come?助动词就是置于动词之前,用以帮助该动词加强其意思的一种词类,常用的助动词有will、can、may等。(5) 若主语之后只有动词时,则要在主语前置另一种助动词do或does,且原来的动词要变成原形。即:Where he lives?Where does he live?此处的do或does是帮助我们问问题的助动词。does要与第三人称单数的主语(如he,she,it,Mary,Tom,a boy等)并用。原句"Wh

19、ere he lives?"中,he是第三人称单数,故应使用does,即成“Where does he live?”的正确说法。do则可与第三人称单数的主语以外的任何主语并用。第三人称复数的主语:Where do May and Tom live?When do they go to school?第二人称单数的主语:What do you like?第一人称复数的主语:What do I need?When do we go?E:疑问词who、what及which是疑问代名词,可作主语,此时形成的问句句型与中文间句完全一样,故不使用倒装句型。例句:中文:谁会来? 英文:Who wi

20、ll come? (非Will who come?)中文:哪一个比较好?英文:Which is better? (非Is which better?)2.Where are you from?=Where do you come from?=Whats your nationality?以上三个问句中,前面两句可以询问省籍或国籍,但是最后一句仅限于询问国籍。例句:A:Where are you from?=Where do you come from?B:Im from New York=I come from New York.或者Im from America=I come from Am

21、erica.3.What about you?=How about you?=And you?4.May I have your name,please?=May I know your name,please? Whats your name?以上二个问句中,第一个语气较客气有礼,多用于正式的场合,第二个(Whats your name?)则多为长辈对晚辈或上司对下属使用。May I,please?请问我可以吗?That's the way the ball bounces.就是这么回事、这就是生活、一直都是这么个样,天生就是这么样,没法解释。 Lesson 4 Introducti

22、ons 介绍.Dialog 会话Dialog AA:Hi,Tom!Hows it going?B:Great!Whos your friend?A:Oh!Im sorry.This is Kay.B:Pleased to meet you,Kay.C:Nice to meet you.甲:嗨,汤姆!近来如何?乙:很好!你朋友怎么称呼?甲:奥!真抱歉。这位是凯。乙:幸会,凯。甲:幸会。Dialog BA:Dad.Please meet my girlfriend,May.B:Glad to meet you,May.C:Glad to meet you,too,Mr Lin.B:And what

23、 is your family name ,May?C:Its Chen.But you may call me May.B:May Chen.Its a nice name.C:Thank you,sir.甲:爸爸,见见我的女朋友小梅。乙:很高兴认识你,小梅。丙:我也很高兴认识你,林先生。乙:小梅,那么你贵姓呀?丙:我姓陈。不过您可以叫我小梅。乙:陈小梅,这是个好名字。丙:谢谢您,先生。1.Introductions 复数介绍2.Pleased很高兴Please拜托、请.VocabularyIdioms 单词短语注解1.family name 姓(=last name=surname)姓:f

24、amily name=last name=surname名:first name=given name.Grammar Notes 语法重点1.This is Kay.这位是凯。此处This是指代名词,表示“这个”。指示代名词就是指名某个或某些东西的代名词,通常有四个:this(这个)、that(那个)、these(这些)、those(那些)。前两者代替单数的名词,后两者代替复数的名词。例句:A:What is this? B:This is a pen. A:What are these? B:These are my toys. A:What is that? B:That is a do

25、g. A:What are those? B:Those are books.在答句时,为了避免与指示代名词重复,可用it代替this或that,they代替these或those。故以上答句可改为:It is a pen.They are my toys.It is a dog.They are my books.this/that/these/those除可作为指示代名词外,也可有形容词的功能,之后接名词,此时this/that/these/those就称为指示形容词。例句:This is a good book. This book is good.2.Mr. Wang 王先生(Mr.是

26、Mister的缩写形)Mrs. Wang 王太太(Mrs.是Missus/Missis的缩写形)Miss. Wang王小姐Ms. Wang 王女士Lesson 5 Occupations 职业.Dialog 会话Dialog AA:Excuse me,Mr. li.This is Miss Lin.B:How do you do,Miss Lin?C:How do you do?A:Miss Lin works for IBM?B:What a coincidence! I work in a computer company,too.甲:打扰一下,李先生。这位是林小姐。乙:林小姐,你好!丙:

27、你好!甲:林小姐在IBM公司上班。乙:好巧啊!我也是在一家电脑公司上班。Dialog BA:Hi,Tom!Id like you to meet my friend,Sal.B:Pleased to meet you,Sal.C:Same here.B:So,what do you do,Sal?C:Im a secretary.What about you?B:Im a pilot.甲:嗨,汤姆。我想请你见见我的朋友莎儿。乙:很高兴认识你,莎儿。丙:我也一样。乙:那,你从事哪一行的?丙:我是个秘书。你呢?乙:我是开飞机的。1.What about you?=How about you?Im

28、going on a picnic(野餐),what about you?我要去郊游,那你呢?.VocabularyIdioms 单词短语注解1.occupation 名 职业2.How do you do? 你好!(初次见面时的礼貌用语)3.work for 为工作4.What a coincidence! 好巧啊!5.work in 在上班 work in beijing.6.Same here!我也一样!7.What do you do?你从事哪一行的? What is your occupation?8.secretary 名 秘书9.pilot 名 飞行员.Grammar Notes

29、 语法重点1.How do you do,Miss Lin?“How do you do?”是两人第一次见面时,表示礼貌的用语。虽是问句,但实则等于中文的“你/您好!”,听到对方这句话时,亦以同样的话回应。比较“How do you do?”与”How are you?”How are you doing?”的不同:“How do you do?”相当于于中文的“你/您好!”,不要译成“你/您好吗?”。用”How do you do?”回应。而”How are you?”或”How are you doing?”则是一种使用于认识的朋友之间,纯粹表示关怀对方身体的问候语。用”Im fine,t

30、hank you”回应。2.work for 为工作例:He works for a travel agency.(他替某旅行社工作)比较:He works in a travel agency.(他在某旅行社工作)以上两句意思相同,均可译成“他任职某旅行社。”3.What a coincidence! 好巧啊!本句是已简化过的感叹句。原句完整的写法为:What a coincidence this/it is!(这真是个巧合呀!)感叹句一共有两种,一为whal引导,另一为How引导,What与How均译成"多么的"或"好(个)",造句法则如下:A.以W

31、hat引导的感叹句句型如下:What+名词+主语+be动词! 好(个)呀!(1) 先造一个含有“主语+be动词+名词”结构的句子,即:This is a good movie. 这是部好电影。John is a filial son. 约翰是个孝顺的儿子。Mary and John are good students.玛丽和约翰是好学生。再于句首冠以What,并将名词置于What之后,句尾置惊叹号,便大功告成,即:What a good movie this is! 这真是部好电影呀!What a filial son John is! 约翰真是个孝顺的儿子呀!What good studen

32、ts Mary and John are!玛丽和约翰是多么好的学生呀!(3) 实际使用时,通常将"主语+be动词"予以省略,而采用下列简化的说法:What a good movie! 好棒的电影呀!What a filial son! 好孝顺的儿子呀!What good students! 多么好的学生呀!B.以How引导的感叹句句型如下:How+形容词+主语+be动词! 多么呀!(1) 先造一个含有“主语+be动词+形容词”结构的句子,即:John is nice. 约翰不错。She is beautiful. 她很美。The children are diligent.

33、这些孩子很用功!(2) 再于句首冠以How,并将形容词置于How之后,句尾置惊叹号,便大功告成,即:How nice John is! 约翰好棒呀!How beautiful she is! 她多美呀!How diligent the children are!这些孩子多么用功呀!(3) 一如What引导的感叹句,在实际使用时,How引导的感叹句中,"主语+be动词"常予省略,而采用下列简化的说法:How nice! 多棒呀!How beautiful! 多美呀!How diligent! 多用功呀!4.Id like you to meet my friend,Sal.我

34、想请你见见我的朋友莎儿。本句是一种请求某人做某事,但语气较客气的祈使句。句型如下:Id like+人+to+原形动词 我想请某人从事例:Id like you to meet my sister.我想请你见见我的妹妹。Id like you to sing a song.我想请你唱首歌。Id like Peter to write a letter for me.我想请彼得替我写一封信。注意:若表示“我想要”时,则采用下列句型:Id like to+原形动词 我想要例:Id like to sing a song for you.我想要为诸位唱首歌比较:I like to sing.我喜欢唱歌

35、。5.Tom:Pleased to meet you,Sal. Sal:Same here.“Same here”相当于”Me too.”此处等于”Pleased to meet you,too.”6.What do you do?你从事哪一行的?=Whats your occupation?你的职业是什么?=Whats your job?你的工作是什么?例:A:What do you do?B:Im a teacher.我是教书的。A:What does(不是do) John do?B:He drives a taxi.他是开出租车的。.Substitution 替换1.What a coi

36、ncidence!好巧呀!What a surprise!真令人惊奇呀!2.Id like you to meet my friend,Sal.我想请你见见我的朋友莎儿。Id like you to call me a cab(cab=taxi).我想请你帮我叫部出租车。Id like you to give me a call.我想请你打个电话给我。He is a miser.他是个守财奴。filial 孝顺Im always on the ball.我随时待命。love letter 情书out of tune(唱歌)走调Lesson 6 Time 时间.Dialog 会话Dialog A

37、A:Excuse me,maam.What time is it,please?B:Its two thirty.A:Thanks.What time is the next train?B:Two forty-five.A:I see.Is it on time?B:Yes,it is.甲:小姐,打扰一下。请问现在几点了?乙:现在是两点半。甲:谢谢!请问下一班火车是几点开?乙:2点45分。甲:我明白了。它准时吗?乙:是的,它很准时。Dialog BA:Hi,Tom!What time is it,please?B:Its a quarter to seven.A:Oh,no!Im late.

38、B:Its ok.A:What do you mean?B:My watch is fast.甲:嗨,汤姆。请问现在几点了?乙:现在是6点45分。甲:奥,糟了!我迟到了。乙:没关系。甲:你说这话什么意思?乙:我的表快了。1.maam 夫人、小姐.VocabularyIdioms 单词短语注解1.maam 名 夫人、小姐(对妇女的口头尊称)2.I see.我明白了。3.on time准时4.quarter 名 四分之一;一刻钟(15分钟).Grammar Notes 语法重点1.What time is it,please?请问现在几点了?What time is it by your watc

39、h,please?请问你的表现在几点了?(=What time do you have?)问句中的it是代名词,此处代替时间,可表示现在、过去或未来的时间。再本句中,it指现在的时间,译成“现在”,不要译成“它/他”。例:A:What time is it,please?B:Its ten in the morning.What time is it?=What time is the time now?(一般不用后面这个)2.注意下列数字:11 eleven21 twenty-one100 one hundred12 twelve20 twenty1 000 one thousand13 t

40、hirteen30 thirty10 000 ten thousand14 fourteen40 forty 100 000 one hundred thousand15 fifteen50 fifty1 000 000 one million16 sixteen60 sixty17 seventeen 70 seventy18 eighteen80 eighty19 nineteen90 ninety3.下列表示时间的说法:A:Its noon.现在是中午12点。=Its twelve noon.Its midnight.现在是午夜12点。=Its twelve midnight.B:Its

41、 five past three.现在是3点5分=Its three o five.注意:(1) 此处的o虽等于中文的“零”,但要念成英文字母“o”的音。(2) “3点01分”至“3点09分”要念成:“three o one”、”three o two”three o nine”。10分之后均不需加“o”,即:3点10分:three ten3点11分:three eleven其它表示“几点几分”均以此类推。C:分针指到“3”时,可念成”fifteen(15)”或”a quarter”。a quarter原指“四分之一”,60分的四分之一即15分。Its one fifteen.现在是1点15分

42、。=Its fifteen past one.=Its a quatrer past one.但不可说:Its one a quarter.(×)D:分针指到“6”时,可念成”thirty(30)”或”half(一半)”。如:Its two thirty.现在是2点30分/两点半。=Its half past two.但不可说:Its two half.(×)E:分针指到的数字超过“6”,则有下列念法:Its twenty to five.=Its four forty.现在是差20分到5点。=现在是5点差20分。=现在是4点40分。Its five to ten.=Its

43、 nine fifty-five.现在是差5分到10点。=现在是10点差5分。=现在是9点55分。F:准点(即分针指到“12”)时,表示“几点钟”有下列说法:Its one oclock.现在是1点。=Its one。Its seven oclock.现在是7点。=Its seven。注意:表示“现在是中午12点/午夜12点”就不必使用oclock,即:Its twelve noon.Its twelve midnight.4.精确表示时间时,应念出“时、分、秒”,即:时:oclock分:minute秒:second故“现在是5点20分18秒”理应说成:Its five oclock,twen

44、ty minutes,and eighteen seconds.不过,这个念法实在是太罗嗦了,故实际应念成:Its five twenty and eighteen seconds.5.表示“现在是上午/下午5点20分”应念成:Its five twenty a.m.=Its five twenty A.M.Its five twenty p.m.=Its five twenty P.M.注意:am./A.M.或p.m./P.M. 现在也有人省略缩写符号”.”,直接写成am/AM或pm/PM。6.I see.我明白了。=I understand.7.on time 准时。8.What do y

45、ou mean?你这话什么意思?9.My watch is fast.我的表快了。My watch is slow.我的表慢了。例句:My watch is ten minutes fast.我的表快了10分钟。The alarm clock is two hours slow.这个闹钟慢了2个小时。Lesson 7 Day and Date 日期.Dialog 会话Dialog AA:What day is it today,Tom?B:Its Sunday.A:And is today June 6?B:Yes.Why?A:Because its my birthday.B:Happy birthday,May.A:Thanks.甲:汤姆,今天是星期几?乙:今天是星期日。甲:那么今天是不是6月6日?乙:是啊。为什么这样问呢?甲:因为今天是我的生日。乙:生日快乐,小梅。甲:谢了。Dialog BA:Whats todays date,Tom?B:Its February 14.A:What day is it today?B:Its Friday.A:No,Its not.Its Valentines Day.B:Happy Valentines Day,May.甲:汤姆,今天是几月几号?乙:今天是2月14日。甲:那今天是什么日子呢?乙:今天是星期五

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