新编大学英语 3 Unit3

1、Unit ThreeSocial Problems Unit 8 Social ProblemsnPart I PreparationnBrainstormingnDescribing the Pictures nPart II Listening Centered ActivitiesnPart III In- Class ReadingnPassage StudynExercisesnPart IV Further DevelopmentnC lass Activities1: Preventing ShopliftingnA Documentary: Sweet SueModulesPa

2、rt One nPreparationnBrainstormingnDescribing the PicturesnPossible ways to stop littering1. Brainstorming (1)nActivity 1: Directions: Work in groups quickly to collect as many words as possible and list them on paper related to social problems:nCRIMES: robbery, rape, theft, bicycle-stealing, shoplif

3、ting, murder, smuggling, drug taking and trafficking, corruption, bribing, juvenile delinquency (少年犯罪), drunken driving, fake products, trafficking (拐卖)of children and women, prostitution, gambling, domestic violence etc.Brainstorming (2)nSOCIAL PROBLEMS: overpopulation, bad working condition, illit

4、eracy, racial discrimination, high divorce rate, teen-pregnancy, gambling, inflation, food shortage, child abuse, pollution, traffic jams, extinction of animal species, unemployment, homelessness, clean water supply, transportation, poverty, generation gap, beggars (children and adults), widening ga

5、p between rich and the poor, etc.Brainstorming (3)n Activity 2: Group Discussion:na. What sort of social problems exist in China?nb. What sort of social problems do you associate with foreign countries?nc. What are the causes of social problems?Brainstorming (4)Social problems in China and possible

6、causes:nStudent A: The problem of old age. nStudent B: Overpopulation.nStudent C: Impact on traditional moral standards. nStudent D: Public security. n10% of the population are over the age of 60. That may lead to serious consequences.n With the ever-increasing burden of the population, the country

7、may suffer from shortages of food, energy and deterioration of the environment.nMaterial wealth is value by many as the bottom line. Hence a degradation in ethics. People are more self-centered. Even college students have bad manners. For example, in dining halls students do not wait in lines. On bu

8、ses the youth dont give their seats to the old.nWith the development of economy, there has been a flow of population from less wealthy regions to the more prosperous areas. As a result, high crime rate is a problem that we are all concerned about.Brainstorming (5) nSocial problems associated with fo

9、reign countries (esp. in the West) and their possible causes & dangersnStudent A: Drug abuse.nStudent B: Racial discrimination. nStudent C: Unemployment.nStudent D: Single-parent families.nWith it are other problems such as crime, prostitution and the spread of AIDS. The fast pace of life and th

10、e stress for it may be one of the causes.nDue to racial discrimination and deeply rooted prejudice against minority groups, there is still inequality among races. This may also lead to the instability of a nation, racial conflicts, and even wars.n High technology does create new jobs. But on the oth

11、er hand, it has made many manual workers obsolete. In times of economic recession, the problem of unemployment gets even worse.n It has been reported that in the U.S., about one marriage in two ends in divorce. And many teenage girls give birth to babies before they get married. Children from single

12、-parent families are more likely to be ill-treated, to take drugs, and commit crimes.Crimes 犯罪n1. killing: murder谋杀谋杀 manslaughter 杀人杀人 massacre 屠杀屠杀 homicide 杀人罪杀人罪 assassination 暗杀暗杀;n2. theft 偷窃偷窃: robbery抢劫抢劫 looting洗劫洗劫 pickpocket 扒窃扒窃 burglary入室偷窃入室偷窃 fraud 欺诈欺诈 cutpurse 小偷小偷、割钱包者割钱包者 stealing

13、偷盗偷盗 swindle欺骗欺骗 shop lifting偷窃偷窃商店的东西商店的东西n3. misdeed不端行为不端行为: offense犯法犯法 misconduct不端不端行为行为 misdemeanor 轻罪，轻罪，violation 犯法犯法 wrong 做错事做错事 Words Related to Law & CrimeCauses of Crime 犯罪原因n1. economic: unemployment失业失业, poverty贫穷贫穷, greed 贪贪婪婪 jobless失业失业, lack 缺乏缺乏, desire欲望欲望, lay-off暂时失业暂时失业

14、, failure失失败败, hunger饥饿饥饿, idleness无事可做无事可做, scarcity不足不足, lust贪婪贪婪, irrational social distribution 社会分配不公社会分配不公;n2. psychological: envy妒嫉，妒嫉，resentfulness厌恶，厌恶，mistrust不信任，不信任，jealousy妒嫉，妒嫉，suspicion怀疑，怀疑，revenge报仇报仇, possessive-ness占有欲，占有欲，insecurity不安全，不安全，childhood experience童年经历；童年经历； n3. other

15、s: overcome a political / business obstacle 克克服服政治政治/生意障碍生意障碍, competition竞争竞争, opposition 对立对立, rivalry竞争竞争, 对抗对抗, low quality of education教育素质低教育素质低, low moral standard 道德败坏道德败坏Words Related to Law & CrimeLegal Actions 法律行动n1. sue 控告，打官司控告，打官司 prosecute 起诉起诉 take to court 起诉，打官起诉，打官司司 file sui

16、t 控告，打官司控告，打官司 claim damages 要求赔偿要求赔偿 charge 指控指控 accuse 控告，指控控告，指控n2. try 审判，审问审判，审问 judge 判决，审判判决，审判 examine审问，审问， hear听证，审理听证，审理 find guilty (innocent) of 判定判定犯犯罪罪(无罪无罪)；sentence 判决判决, 课刑课刑, 宣判宣判; convict 定定罪罪n3. imprison 监禁监禁 put in prison 监禁监禁 lockup 监禁监禁deprive of liberty 剥夺自由剥夺自由 jail 监禁监禁 ho

17、me arrest 软软禁禁 reform 改造改造Words Related to Law & CrimeMeasures Taken 采取的措施nlegal education 法制教育 npolice patrol 警察巡逻 nwatching-eye-neighborhood 邻里关照n reinforcement of police 加强警力n emergency system 报警系统 nsecurity devices 保安设备Words Related to Law & Crime Legal Quotations for Funn1. I havent com

18、mitted a crime. What I did was fail to comply with the law.n2. The Law, in its majestic equality, forbids the rich, as well as the poor, to sleep under the bridges to beg in the streets, and to steal bread.Words Related to Law & Crime n3. A jury consists of twelve persons chosen to decide who ha

19、s the better lawyer.n4. The 10 Commandments contain 297 words. The Bill of Rights is stated in 463 words. Lincolns Gettysburg Address contains 266 words. A recent federal directive to regulate the price of cabbage contains 26,911 words.Words Related to Law & Crime Note:vMany social problems exis

20、t both in China and foreign countries. There are various causes of different social problems. The following are just a few of the possible examples:nPoverty, unemployment, etc theft, robbery, murder, beggars, etc.nHigh divorce rate, etc. juvenile delinquency, etc.nLack of communication mental proble

21、ms of various kinds, generation gap, etc.nPollution, littering worsening environmentLast night Mr Lester/middle-aged widower/Birmingham street.He/brief case/umbrella.There/nobody else/twomen.They/side-street.One/big/black,curly hairThe other/thin/bald head Picture ASample Picture A:Last night, Mr. L

22、ester, a middle-aged widower, was walking along a dark Birmingham street. He was carrying a briefcase in one hand and an umbrella in the other. There was nobody else in the street except two men. They were standing in the dark side-street. One of them was very big with curly hair, and the other was

23、thin with a bald head.2. Describing the picturesA MuggingThey/few seconds/and/walk/slowly/silently/Mr Lester.The big man/holdbehind.The thin one/try/steal/Mr Lester/briefcase.Picture BThey waited for a few seconds and then walked slowly and silently towards Mr. Lester. The big man held Mr. Lester fr

24、om behind and the thin one tried to snatch Mr. Lesters briefcase.A MuggingSuddenly Mr Lester/big one/shoulder.He/collide with/thin one.They/land/pavement.Mr Lester/strike/umbrella/and/walk /quickly away.Picture CSuddenly, Mr. Lester threw the big one over his shoulder. He collided with the thin one

25、and they both landed on the pavement. Without speaking, Mr. Lester stuck both of them on the head with his umbrella, and walked calmly away.A MuggingThe two astonishedmen/sit/ground.Mr Lester/cross/road/towards/door /painted sign.Mr Lester/stop/turn/laugh/walkinto/CentralBirmingham KarateClub.Pictur

26、e DThe two astonished men were still sitting on the ground when Mr. Lester crossed the road towards a door with a painted sigh above it. Mr. Lester stopped, turned round, laughed at the two men and walked into the Central Birmingham Karate Club.A Mugging3. Possible ways to stop littering:-Raising pe

27、oples awareness of public health;-putting more garbage cans along the streets, in parks, and in other public places;-calling on the people to bring plastic bags with them for rubbish.Part TwonListening Centered Activities nListening 1nListening 2nListening 3LISTENING-CENTERED ACTIVITIESnThe Least Su

28、ccessful Bank Robber Not wishing to attract attention to himself, a bank robber in 1969 in Portland, Oregon, wrote all his instructions on a piece of paper rather than shout.“This is a hold up and Ive got a gun.” he wrote and then held the paper up for the cashier to read.This puzzled bank official

29、waited while he wrote out,” Put all the money in a bag.”The message was pushed through the grille. The cashier read it and then wrote on the bottom,” I dont have a paper bag,” and passed it back. The robber fled.Exercisesn1.He didnt want to attract attention to himself./He didt want the others to no

30、tice him.n2.He wrote:”This is a hold up and Ive got a gun.”n3.He wantwd the cashier to put all the money in a paper bag.n4.Because he didnt want the others to see the money inside.n5.The cashier wrote:”I dont have a paper bag.”n6.He fled. Listening IInThe Least Alert Burglar A Parisian criminal brok

31、e into a house the village of Lachelle in 1964.Once inside he began to feel decidedly hungry and so went in search of the refrigerator. There he found his favorite cheese which would have been a shame not to try. He then found some Bath Oliver biscuits and three bottles of champagne. After a while h

32、e began to feel sleepy and decided that he would lie down and digest his meal in comfort. He was arrested the next morning fast asleep upstairs in the spare bedroom. Exercisen1.He broke into a house.n2.He felt hungry.n3.His favorite cheese.n4.He ate cheese, biscuits and drank champagne.n5.He was fas

33、t asleep. Listening IIInThe Worst Bank Robbers In August 1975 three men were on their way to rob the Royal Bank of Scotland at Rothesay, when they got stuck in the revolving doors. They had to be helped free by the staff and , after thanking everyone, sheepishly left the building. A few minutes late

34、r they returned and announced their intention of robbing the bank, but none of the staff believed them. When, at first, they demanded 5,000,the head cashier laughed at them, convinced that it was a practical joke. Considerably disheartened by this, the gang leader reduced his demand first to 500 the

35、n to 50 and ultimately to 50 pence. By this stage the cashier could barely control herself for laughter. Then one of the men jumped over the counter and fell awkwardly on the floor, clutching at his ankle. The other two made their getaway, but got trapped in the revolving doors for a second time, de

36、sperately pushing the wrong way. Exercist1n1.Three.2.They got stuck in the revolving doors.3.The bank staff.4. They wanted to rob the bank.5.5,000.6. They didntt believe it. They thought it was a practical joke.7.50 pence.8.He jumped over the counter.9.They got trapped in the revolving doors for a s

37、econd time.10.They were foolish, inexperienced. Exercise 2n1) Sample Some effective ways to prevent bank robberies: -having strong guards/doorkeepers; -having alarm systems installed; -having bullet-proof doors and windows; -having video cameras installed; -having the police phone number on hand.2)S

38、amplen Measures taken to prevent ones houses from being burgled or robbed: -having the police phone number on hand; -not planting trees or hedges near/round the house; -making the doors secure by installing double-safety locks which require a key on both sides; -having a large dog at home; -installi

39、ng an alarm system; -leaving a radio or TV on even when you are not at home.Exercise3nPossible solutions:-installing some video cameras in the department store;-hiring some store detective(s);-setting up a counter for small stuff;-imposing heavy fines for shoplifters;-not allowing shoppers to bring

40、their bags in. Part ThreenIn-Class Reading: A Passage StudynText structurenwordsnLanguage Points nSentencesnTranslationsA.financialneedReasons for mothers taking full-time jobs (Para. 1)B.careerchoicesforpersonalfulfillmentA.latedinnersConsequences of mothers taking full-time jobs (Para. 2-3)B.emoti

41、onalimpactonmotherswhofeelguiltyandchildrenwhofeelhurtandresentfulA.productiveperiod,senseofindependenceandresponsibility,lovedandtrustedDifferent reactions from latchkey children (Para. 4-6)B.frightening,lonelyvoid,bitternessresentmentandanger,abandonedHow to deal with the phenomenon of latchkey ch

42、ildren (Para. 7-8)accessibility (adv.) (Line 61, Para. 8)构词构词: : access accessible accessibilityaccess (n.) C a means of entering; way in; entrance 进入，通道进入，通道 2) U means or right of using, reaching, or entering 使用、进入的方法使用、进入的方法Theonlyaccesstotheirhouseisalonganarrowroad.学生需要得到图书的学生需要得到图书的方便途径方便途径。St

43、udentsneedeasyaccesstobooks.到他们家的唯一到他们家的唯一通道通道是一条狭窄的路。是一条狭窄的路。accessible: that can be gotten or gotten to, into, or at 可得到的，能可得到的，能进去的进去的Theislandisaccessibleonlybyboat.Theproblemwithsomeofthesedrugsisthattheyaresoaccessible. （可得到的）（可得到的）（进入）（进入）advisable (L.50) nadj. wise, sensible适当的，明智的，可取的适当的，明智

44、的，可取的neg. Do you think it advisable to ask her for help?n你认为求助于她明智吗?n老师认为约翰参军是明智的。nThe teacher thinks it advisable that John should join the army.nadvisable(明知的)之后的that从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气(should+动词原形)compel (v.) (Line 53, Para. 7) to push or drive 强迫；迫使强迫；迫使Theysubmittedbecausetheywerecompelled.Hisclevern

45、essandskillcompelouradmiration.他的聪明和技艺他的聪明和技艺博得博得我们的赞扬。我们的赞扬。他们他们不得不不得不服从。服从。疾病疾病迫使迫使她放弃了学习。她放弃了学习。Herillnesscompelledhertogiveuphisstudies.enable 例如：例如：enlarge使使变大；变大；enact制度制度(法律法律) ；扮演等；冠于名词之前；表示扮演等；冠于名词之前；表示“放进，赋放进，赋予予”，例如：，例如：endanger 使陷入危险使陷入危险1) enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够作某事使某人能够作某事例如：例如：The

46、 coffee enabled me to keep awake during the dull concert. 咖啡使我在沉闷的演奏会中也保持了清醒。咖啡使我在沉闷的演奏会中也保持了清醒。2) enable 加名词，表示加名词，表示“使使成为可能；有成为可能；有助于助于”例如：例如：enable the passage of a bill 使法案得以通过使法案得以通过v. make able to do something 使使(某人某人) 能够作某事。能够作某事。enable由由en+able组合而成。组合而成。en作为前缀时，冠于名词或形容词前构成动词时，表示作为前缀时，冠于名词或形容

47、词前构成动词时，表示“使成使成”。nenable sb. to do sth.使某人能做enable sth.使某事成为可能；n试题：试题：Electronic computers would _ people who do not share a common language to talk to each other without any difficulty. nA. make B. let C. have D. enablen答案：Dn电子计算机将使那些没有共同语言的人毫无困难地相互交谈。nexpense (L.2) n. 花费，费用花费，费用travelling expenses

48、旅费 /selling expenses销售费用/living expenses生活费/public expense公费/household expense家庭支出nat the expense of归付费/负担；以为牺牲nat sb.s expense归付费/负担；在使某人受害的情况下nspare no expense不惜一切代价ngo to the expense of 为目的花钱付费nThey spared no expense to make the party a success.他们不惜一切代价使晚会成功。nIt is reported that the city governme

49、nt completed the program _. A. costly B. at great expenseC. expensivelyD. very dearly答案：B.据报道市政府以巨大的代价完成了这项计划。foster (v.) (Line 31, Para. 5) 1) 培养，促进培养，促进 2) 抚养，养育抚养，养育 请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。这对夫妇想收养这个这对夫妇想收养这个他们一直抚养的他们一直抚养的黑人孩子黑人孩子。Thecouplewantedtoadopttheblackchild_.theyhadbeenfostering我们希望这些会晤能我们希望这些

50、会晤能促进两国的友好促进两国的友好关系关系。Wehopethesemeetingswillhelp_.foster friendly relationsbetweenourtwocountriesinvaluable invaluable由由value派生而出。派生而出。value指指“价值价值”；valuable指指“有价值的有价值的”。注意：注意：invaluable不是不是valuable的反义词，而是的反义词，而是priceless的同义词的同义词1) 注意区分注意区分invaluable和和pricelessinvaluable意为意为“珍贵的珍贵的”，多指质地上是非常宝，多指质地上

51、是非常宝贵的，也可对实际无法计价的事物进行修饰；贵的，也可对实际无法计价的事物进行修饰；be invaluable to例如：例如：Their services were invaluable to me. 他们对我的帮助是无法估量的。他们对我的帮助是无法估量的。priceless意为意为“极贵重的，无价的极贵重的，无价的”，多指以价钱，多指以价钱来衡量的贵重物品或穿戴、用的东西来衡量的贵重物品或穿戴、用的东西例如：例如：Is this dress priceless? 这件衣服贵重吗这件衣服贵重吗?adj. beyond price 无价的，极宝贵的无价的，极宝贵的isolate isola

52、ted adj. 孤立的，被隔孤立的，被隔离的离的isolation n. 孤立；隔离；孤立；隔离；(化学上的化学上的) 分解分解isolationism n. (国际间的国际间的) 孤立主义政策孤立主义政策isolate. from 从从中隔离出来中隔离出来例如：例如：He felt entirely isolated from the world.他觉得自己完全与世隔绝了。他觉得自己完全与世隔绝了。v. place apart; separate from others; keep alone 使使孤立；隔绝孤立；隔绝optimum 例如：例如：the optimum speed of a

53、 car 指指“汽车的最佳速度汽车的最佳速度”，而非，而非top speed (最高速度最高速度) adj. optimal最佳的，最适宜的最佳的，最适宜的 optimum有时被认为是有时被认为是“最高的，最大的最高的，最大的”，应注意避免这，应注意避免这类混淆类混淆请熟悉下面的表达或搭配。请熟悉下面的表达或搭配。optimumeducationalopportunitypriority priority由由prior派生出来，后者为形容词，指派生出来，后者为形容词，指“在前的，比在前的，比优先的优先的”。作。作“优先优先”解时解时，priority后一般接介词后一般接介词over例如：例如：

54、A patrol car has priority over other traffic.巡逻车比其他车享有优先权。巡逻车比其他车享有优先权。注意：注意：prior后接介词后接介词to例如例如：We receive no notification prior to todays date.我们在今日之前未获通知。我们在今日之前未获通知。n. the thing that you think is the most important and needs attention before anything else优先权；优先考虑的事物优先权；优先考虑的事物他对她的干预深感他对她的干预深感愤恨愤

55、恨。她她忿恨地忿恨地看了她丈夫一眼。看了她丈夫一眼。Shegaveherhusbandaresentfullook.Hewasdeeplyresentfulatherinterference.resentful (adj.) (Line 16, Para. 3)feeling angry and upset about something that seems unfair 充满忿恨的，怨恨的充满忿恨的，怨恨的动词：动词：resent 对对表示忿恨表示忿恨 resent sth./ doing sth./ that名词：名词：resentment 忿恨忿恨 (Line 40, Para. 6)

56、securesecure作作“安全的安全的”解时，一般后接介解时，一般后接介词词from/against例如：例如：Our house is secure from/against flood.我们的房子没有被洪水淹没的危险。我们的房子没有被洪水淹没的危险。adj. safe; without danger or risk 安心的，无忧虑的，安全的安心的，无忧虑的，安全的 securely adv.安全地，确实地；安全地，确实地；security n.安全安全(感感) ；平安；平安【记忆】se(free from,免于免于) + cure (care,担担心心) 免于免于担心的担心的无忧虑的，

57、放心的无忧虑的，放心的安全的，牢固的安全的，牢固的suppress suppression n. 镇压，平定；镇压，平定；(感情感情的的) 抑制抑制suppressive adj. 压抑的，镇压的；压抑的，镇压的；(医学上医学上) 有抑止有抑止(咳等咳等) 效果的效果的 suppressor n. 镇压者镇压者v. a. put an end to; stop by force 镇压，平定镇压，平定b. prevent from being known or seen 抑制抑制after all sth. to be taken into consideration 毕竟，毕竟，究竟究竟 (导

58、出原因；通常置于句首导出原因；通常置于句首)例如：例如：Its not surprising that youve got stomachache. After all, youve eaten too much.你的胃疼并不令人惊讶，毕竟你实在吃得太你的胃疼并不令人惊讶，毕竟你实在吃得太多了。多了。注意区分注意区分: after all 可作介词，表示可作介词，表示“虽虽然然但是仍然但是仍然”例如：例如：After all his efforts, he failed again this time.虽然他很努力，但他这次仍然失败了。虽然他很努力，但他这次仍然失败了。nDont be so

59、disappointed, after all, we have made some progress.n别太失望，毕竟我们已经取得了一些进别太失望，毕竟我们已经取得了一些进nafter all可做介词，表示可做介词，表示“虽然，但是仍然虽然，但是仍然”nAfter all his efforts, he failed again this time.n虽然他很努力，但他这次仍然失败了。虽然他很努力，但他这次仍然失败了。n试题：试题：I wont invite him. _, I dont really know him. nA. At all B. After allC. For all D

60、. In alln答案：答案：B. In all 总共。总共。after all (L.14) ：毕竟，终究：毕竟，终究Cope with(L.28):对付，处理，可接名词或动名词。nHell cope with (doing) all the workn他将会设法应付所有的工作。 in case of -1 例如：例如：In case of emergency, look for the red arrow which indicates the nearest exit route.在紧急情况中，请找到指示最近出口的在紧急情况中，请找到指示最近出口的红箭头。红箭头。in the event that sth. happens 在在情况下，情况下，