(完整版)英语语法---限定词

1、 限定词（determiner） 主要术语 specific reference特指 definite/indefinite/zero article定/不定/零冠词 indefinite determiner不定限定词 generic reference类指/泛指 possessive determiner物主限定词 cardinal numeral基数词 确定数量 definite quantity名词属格 genitive nounordinal numeral 序数词 indefinite quantity非确定数量 demonstrative determiner指示限定词(this

2、, that, these, those, such) multiplicative numeral倍数词 fractional numeral分数词 referential meaning所指意义relative determiner关系限定词(whose, which) quantifier量词(a lot of/plenty of, a great/good deal of, a large/small amount/quantity of, a great/good number of) (what, 词限定interrogative determiner 疑问which, whose

3、) 限定词与三类名词（单数，复数，不可数）的搭配关系 只能与其中一类名词搭配的 限定词只能与单数搭配的限定词 a/an, one ,another, each/every, either/neither, many a/such a等。 It should be compulsory reading for every adult. Neither accusation is true.(两项指控都不能成立) 只能与复数搭配的限定词 Both, two/three, another two/ three, many, (a) few, several, these/those, a (grea

4、t) number of等。E.g. In another two weeks, it will be finished. 只能与不可数搭配的限定词 a (little) bit of, a large amount of, a great deal of, (a) little, much, less, (the) least等。 There is little doubt that he and his accomplices are guilty. The Square was the scene of much fighting in last year's revolutio

5、n. I can speak a bit of French and understand more.（理解比口语好一些） 能与其中二类名词搭配的限定词 能与单、复数 搭配的限定词the first/second/last/next等。 My first reaction was to hit him, but he was old, and my second was to resign. The next thing he heard was an insistent knocking on the door of his room. The last three shipments of

6、 grain for West Africa haven't yet arrived.(运往西非) 的三船谷物尚未达到能与单数、不可数搭配的限定词 My family have lived in that village for many generations. this/that等。Whoever had come up with this idea deserved a medal. I hope to enjoy that feeling again before long. 能与复数、不可数搭配的限 定词 等。A lot of/lots of/plenty of, enoug

7、h, more/most, such, other像所有这类故事一样，那个故事Like all such stories, that is largely a myth.() 在很大程度上也是虚构的此种乐观态度已变得非常Such optimism had become strangely out of place.() 不合时宜能与三类名词搭配的 限定词能与三类名词搭配的限定词 the, some/any, no/the other, whose, 物主限定词,名词属格等。 No student is to leave the classroom. No words can express m

8、y grief. Whose side are you on? He is a writer whose humor is not without substance(他的幽默很有实质意义). 1 辨析等修两者均可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句；并可带有how/too/so/ as.as (1) many/much(, a good(/great) many/a large ), a lot of/lots of/plenty of（常用于肯定句）饰语，多用于肯定句amount of. Much information is now transmitted through e-mail. Ther

9、e is much coal in the mine. You can take as many copies as you need. They can spend as much money as they need on the project. 表示“相当多”的含义。，注意quite a few/ a good few/ not a few(2) (a) few/(a) littleQuite a few of us are getting worried. / You'll have to wait a good few weeks. all/none, both/every

10、/ each, either/neither, any (3) every/each/either/neither/any boy all/both (of) the boys each/either/neither/any (one) of the boys one of the boys every both his parents/both of them are fine. Either of them is in dorm. / either day is OK. neither student/neither (one) of the (two) students finishes

11、 the task. 既能只人有可指物，但两者均为三个以上。只能指人，none of no one 包含至少二个人或物，侧重个体。包含至少三个人或物，侧重全体，each every Each/every side of the square was crowded with people. either只包含两个，才可用任何一个。 any包含至少三个人或物，才可用任何一个； 一个名词中心词之前不可并用两个前位后位(限定词的先后顺序：前位-中位-) 限定词或两个中位限定词 前位限定词predeterminer 等。all, half, both, double, 倍数词，分数词，what, su

12、ch a/an中位限定词 central determiner the/a/an/zero, this/that, these/those, some/any, no, every/each, either/neither, enough, 物主限定词，名词属格等。what(ever)/which(ever)/whose, 后位限定词postdeterminer next/last, other/another, many/much(a lot of, plenty of, a great 基数词，序数词，a large amount of, a great quantity number o

13、f, a great(/good) many, a great deal of, 等。of), (a)few/(a)little, several, suchExamples all these last few days all the four teachers all my other parents all other students those last few months half his lecture the other three girls both these theories some such alloy , the , two more sheetsthree

14、other girlshis last two books, the first two chapters, another twenty tons等。next few weeks, many more copies, a few more samples, David's/his every action shows that he is a very determined young man. 例外情况：The enemy's/their every movement was being closely watched by the PLA men. A lot of th

15、ese houses round here have glass in the front door. 冠词的表意功能 也表类the+adj常用于正式语体)、不定冠词或零冠词都具有类指功能。另外，(定冠词. Galileo claimed that he ad invented指。 the telescope2 generic reference类指/泛指 帆船. ) and the steamshipThe horse had been replaced by the railroad, the windship(. My brother is planing to be a lawyer

16、An ox is a useful animal. are my favourite vegetable. Carrots are badly needed at the front. Doctors. mammals and tigers belong to the same family of Cats. strength Unity is Electricity is a form of energy. specific reference 特指definite specific reference 确定特指（非常明确地指出何人或何物） anaphoric specific refere

17、nce （1）前照应特指 （2）cataphoric specific reference 后照应特指 situational reference （3） 语境特指 定冠词常有此种功能。 the We own a dog and a cat. The dog is brown. And cat is white. we had last The dog and the cat are the same onesyears. Shut the door, please. 语境特指：How's the cough today? He turned on the radio. John wa

18、s elected chairman of the students' union. indefinite specific reference 非确定特指（特指具体对象，但不确定） 不定冠词和零冠词常有此种功能。（虽未道出姓名但所 in the street.I met an old man 指仍为某一特定的老人）指失落一颗特定的纽扣，但未.(I have lost a button) 说出何种纽扣但不明There's a letter for you.(指一封特定的信件，) 确是谁写来的指A book i want has been acquainted by the li

19、brary.() 我所要的那本特定的书，但未道出什么书. The streets are clean and are shaded with trees in the stew. carrotsShe put ）冠词在各类名词之前的用法（参见P76The ten of them have passed the final examination. (1)Ten of them have passed the final examination. Ten of the (these/his) students have passed the final examination. They ask

20、ed to stop counting presidential votes for a second time. (2) Every boy and every girl_(have) his merits. (3) Every young man, young lady,and child _(be) requested to take part. Many a person_(be) going to the take the test. Other or another (4)California covers a large area than _state except Alask

21、a and Texas. Out of the three foreign guests, one is from Frankfurt, _two are from Vienna. Don't lose heart. Have _try. There's room for _people in the back of the bus. National Day is coming. We'll have _ five-day holiday. 冠词的用法(5) Who is _captain of your team? Mr. Reagan was elected _President of the United Sta