动词不定式的形式

1、2021/8/61动词不定式动词不定式 动词不定式的形式动词不定式的形式 动词不定式（动词不定式（the Infinitive）是一种非谓语动词）是一种非谓语动词, 由由“to+ 动词原形动词原形”构成，构成， 其否定式是其否定式是“not to+ 动词动词原形原形”。动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词，但仍保留。动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词，但仍保留动词的特征，它可以有自己的宾语或状语而构成动词动词的特征，它可以有自己的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语。如不定式短语。如to study hard， to play basketball。2021/8/62动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式的时态和语态动词

2、不定式的时态和语态 主动形式主动形式 被动形式被动形式 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing 完成进行式 to have being doing 时态时态 语态语态 2021/8/63动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态 1. Kate hopes to become a university student this year. 凯特希望今年能成为一名大学生。2. Im sorry to have kept you waiting. 很抱歉让你久等了。3. T

3、hey seemed to be discussing something important. 他们似乎正在讨论重要的事情。4. She wishes to be sent to work in Shanghai. 她希望能被派到上海工作。Examples：2021/8/64动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能 1 1作主语作主语 To talk with him is a great pleasure. 注意：动词不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往用it作形式主语，而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后。如：It is a great pleasure to ta

4、lk with him.It is a great pleasure to see you again. 2021/8/65动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能 3 3作宾语作宾语（1）有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。这些动词有：ask, want, try, hope, wish, learn, choose, decide, expect, afford等。如：Lucy wants to buy a computer. We cant afford to go on vacation this year. 2 2作表语作表语His wish is to becom

5、e a basketball star like Yao Ming. 2021/8/66动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能 3 3作宾语作宾语（2）不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式形式宾语宾语。如：I find it interesting to study yoga.2021/8/67动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能 4 4作复合宾语中宾语补足语作复合宾语中宾语补足语常跟不定式作宾补的动词有：ask, invite, help, tell, hear，make等。如：I

6、 invited her to have coffee. Tell the children not to play on the street. 2021/8/68动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能 4 4作复合宾语中宾语补足语作复合宾语中宾语补足语注：（1）在feel, hear, see, watch, notice等感官动词感官动词或let, make, have等使役动词使役动词后面，复合宾语中的动词不定式通常不带不带to。但上述动词转换为被动结构被动结构时，其后的不定式仍须带须带to。如：We often hear him sing in the room

7、. He was seen to enter the theatre. 2021/8/69动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能 5 5作定语作定语动词不定式可用作修饰名词名词或代词代词的定语，用作定语的不定式需跟在所修饰的名词或代词之后跟在所修饰的名词或代词之后。如：We need someone to help him with the typing.She is a very nice person to work with.2021/8/610动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能 6 6作状语作状语动词不定式可用作修饰动词动词或形容词形容词

8、的状语，通常放在其修饰的动词或形容词之后动词或形容词之后。如：(1) The young often come here to listen to the old mantell stories. (作目的状语)(2) Everyone will be surprised to see the changes in Beijing. (作原因状语)(3)The hall is big enough to hold a lot of people. (作结果状语)2021/8/611动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能 7 7动词不定式的其他用法动词不定式的其他用法(1)

9、 疑问词+动词不定式疑问词what，who，which，when，where，how和连词whether之后，可跟一个带“to”的不定式，构成一个特殊的不定式短语，可在句中作主语、宾语、表语作主语、宾语、表语。如：How to get there has not been decided yet. （主语）Kate didnt know what to say. （宾语）2021/8/612动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能 7 7动词不定式的其他用法动词不定式的其他用法（2）“for+名词或代词宾格+ 不定式” 和“of+名词或代词宾格+ 不定式”的用法当前面的形容

10、词表示不定式行为的特点时，常用“for+名词或代词宾格+ 不定式”结构引出不定式的逻辑主语；而当前面的形容词表示不定式逻辑主语，即行为人的品行特点时，则用“of+名词或代词宾格+ 不定式”结构引出不定式的逻辑主语。如：Its impossible for him to finish the work himself. Its very kind of you to help him every day. 2021/8/6131. Each bird loves to hear itself sing. 2. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man

11、healthy,wealthy and wise. 3. Eat to live, but not live to eat. 4. It is hard to please all. 5. One is never too old to learn. 6. To save time is to lengthen life.人人都有悦己之心。人人都有悦己之心。早睡早起，健康、财富、智慧伴你行。早睡早起，健康、财富、智慧伴你行。吃饭为了生存，但生存吃饭为了生存，但生存不能只为了吃饭。不能只为了吃饭。众口难调众口难调。活到老，学到老。活到老，学到老。珍惜时间就是延长生命。珍惜时间就是延长生命。202

12、1/8/614 His wish is Its fun She didnt work hard enough Mr. Lin refused She is a nice person 6. They asked me a. to work with.b. not to worry about the accident.c. to become a scientist. d. to pass the exam. e. to talk with his manager. f. to swim in summer.作定语作定语作宾补作宾补作状语作状语作宾语作宾语作主语作主语作表语作表语2021/8/

13、6151. This book tells you how you can win at chess. This book tells you _ at chess.2. Could you please tell me where I can buy the dictionary? Could you please tell me _ the dictionary?3. The students are discussing what they will do with the rubbish. The students are discussing _with the rubbish.Ma

14、ny countries have discovered how they can save their rainforests. Many countries have discovered how to save their rainforests.how to winwhere to buywhat to do2021/8/616C. Think and rewrite. “Please send the letter for me.” Lily said to Mary. Lily asked Mary to send the letter for her.4. Mrs. Green

15、said to us, “Turn off the lights when leaving the room.” Mrs. Green told us _ off the lights when leaving the room.5. “Dont stay up too late, Tom”. Mother said. Mother told Tom _ up too late.6. “Dont make so much noise!” The police ordered the young man. The police ordered the young man _ so much no

16、ise.to turnnot to staynot to make2021/8/617D. Read and complete. 1. _ (生活在上海) is my lifetime dream. 2. Father promised _ (给他买辆自行车)on his 18th birthday.3. Could you help me _（寻找钥匙）? I cant find them.4. After walking for three hours, we stopped _(休息)5. Its so hot today. Id like to have _(喝的东西).To live

17、 in Shanghaito buy him a new bicycle(to) look for the keysto have a restsomething to drink2021/8/618What have we learned?1. The rainforest and the problems of it.greatest treasure, valuable, warm, a lot of rain, perfectFor animals and plants, home for half the speciesDisappearing, being cut for wood, cleared for cities androads, burned for farmland2. Ways to protect the rainforest. Ecotourism, set aside land as wild rainforest3. Grammar: the Infinitive 动词不定式动词不定式作主语，作宾语，作定语，作状语，作宾补，作表语作主语，作宾语，作定语，作状语，作宾补，作表语疑问词疑问词+不定式，不定式，2021/8/619Wha