第三章汇款结算方式

1、International exchangeThe concept of remittanceParties of remittanceMethods and procedures of remittanceReimbursement of remittance coverApplication of remittance refers to operational activities related with the currency conversion and transfer of funds between countries in order to settle the clai

2、ms and debts by payment instruments through banks. In broad sense: international settlement In narrow sense: international bank remittanceTypes:payerpayeeBank ABank BpayerpayeeBank ABank BcontractcontractRemittance:Reverse remittance:flow of fundsflow of negotiable instruments A bank (the remitting

3、bank ), at request of its customer (the remitter), transfer a certain sum of money to its overseas branch or correspondent bank (the paying bank ), instructing it to pay a named person domiciled in that country.Based on commercial credit payeeremitterPaying bankRemitting bank instructiongoodsApplica

4、tion paying汇款人汇款人（remitter/importer）: Remittance applicationSubmit the same amount of funds and commissionFor our country, submit documents required by SAFE 收款人或受益人收款人或受益人（payee/exporter）汇出行汇出行(remitting bank)： payment order/P.O. （支付授权书（支付授权书) ) made out as instructed in the application; indicate th

5、e reimbursement of remittance cover ; outward remittance 汇入行或解付行汇入行或解付行（paying bank）：）： paying in strict compliance with the P.O. and authenticate the relevant signature or test key ; usually paying after its receipt of the funds from the remitting bank; clean payment; inward remittanceTelegraphic t

6、ransfer, T/T the remitting bank instructs and authorizes the paying bank by cable, telex, or SWIFT to make payment to the payee. fast ; safe ; limited time for banks to keep the funds the contents of T/TMail transfer，M/T the remitting bank instructs and authorizes the paying bank by mailing a P.O. c

7、heap but slow procedures for M/T and T/T Remittance by bankers demand draft, D/D On the request of the remitter, the remitting bank draws a demand draft on its overseas branch or correspondent bank ordering the latter to pay on demand to the payee upon presentation. convenient and transferable proce

8、dures for D/DItems T/TM/TD/DMethods of transferCable/Telex/SWIFTAirmailMail or carried by remitterTime of transferFastestSlowMethod of authenticationTest key of SWIFT,Authentication keyAuthorized signatureAuthorized signatureSecurity Quite safeReliable, but may be lost in postStop-payment is time co

9、nsumingCharge High Low LowTable 3.1 Comparison of the M/T, T/T and D/DFM:汇出行汇出行TO:汇入行汇入行DATE:发电日期发电日期TEST密押密押OUR REF NO.汇款编号汇款编号NO CHARGES FOR US 我行不负担费用我行不负担费用PAY(AMT) VALUE (DATE)起息日起息日 TO(BENEFICIARY)收款人收款人MESSAGE附言附言ORDER/BY ORDER OF (B/O)汇款人汇款人COVER头寸拨付头寸拨付收款人：收款人：PAY TO BANK （收款人的帐户行）（收款人的帐户行）

10、FOR CREDITING A/C NO. OF 收款人收款人 Remitting bank: bank of Asia, TianjinPaying bank:bank of Asia, LuxemburgDate of cable: 9 June Test:2563Ref No. 208TT0219Amount: USD 1,660.00Payee:Marie Clauda Dumont, Luxemburg account No.0-164/7295/550 with Banque International du LuxemburgMessage:payrollRemitter:Cry

11、stal Palace Hotel, TianjinCover:Debit our H.O. accountFM: bank of Asia, Tianjin TO: bank of Asia, LuxemburgDATE: 9 June TEST 2563 OUR REF208TT0219NO ANY CHARGES FOR USPAY USD 1,660.00TO Banque International du LuxemburgFOR CREDITING A/C NO. 0-164/7295/550 OF Marie Clauda Dumont,LuxemburgMESSAGE payr

12、ollORDER Crystal Palace Hotel,TianjinCOVER Debit our H.O. accountpayeeremitterPaying bankRemitting bank(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(1)Remittance application with funds and commission;(2)receipt(3)sends P.O. /telex/SWIFT instructing paying bank to make payment (4)after authenticating, notifies the payee wit

13、h a copy of cable message (5)the payee presents the copy and ask the paying bank to pay(6)the paying bank debited the remitting banks a/c and make payment(7)sends the debit advice and payment receipt from payee to the remitting bank(8)the debt is discharged(8)remitterpayeeRemitting bankPaying bank1)

14、 D/D application2)Bank demand draft3)bank demand draft4)Presenting 5)payment6)Debit adviceCollecting bank M/T or T/T can be cancelled before its payment is made. Its usually done at the request of the remitter or the payee who refuse to receive the payment. Once the payment has been effected, the re

15、mittance cannot be cancelled. The remitter himself can contact the payee to claim back the payment. Unless the remitter assumes the damages of issuing a duplicate of draft, the issuing bank can accept the reason of being lost or stolen the draft. The remitter will sign a letter of indemnity. If the

16、paying bank maintains a current account with the remitting bank(1) or the remitting bank has a a/c with the paying bank(2)Remitting bankPaying bankVostro a/c(1)in cover,we have credited your a/c with usNostro a/c(2)in cover,please debit our a/c with youIf there is no vostro or nostro account with ea

17、ch other, but the remitting bank can find a third bank, with which both the paying bank and the remitting bank maintain current account. Remitting bankPaying bank Reimbursing bank AIn cover, we have authorized A to debit our a/c and credit your a/c with them debit our a/c and credit paying bank a/c

18、with you Credit advice Exercises: please write “cover instruction” for each remittance below.The paying bank has maintained an USD account with the remitting bank. Suppose an outward remittance in USD is made, “cover instruction” ? In cover, we have credited your account with usBoth remitting bank a

19、nd paying bank have maintained USD account with XYZ Bank, New York. Suppose an outward in USD is made, then “cover instruction” ? In cover, we have authorized XYZ Bank, New York to debit our account and credit your account with them直接付款（直接付款（cover payment）、间接付款）、间接付款（serial payment）直接付款：汇出行将付款指示电文和划

20、拨头寸直接付款：汇出行将付款指示电文和划拨头寸指示的电文分别发出，汇出行给汇入行一个客指示的电文分别发出，汇出行给汇入行一个客户汇款指令户汇款指令MT103，指示汇入行将款项直接支，指示汇入行将款项直接支付给收款人贷记收款人账户；汇出行发送头寸付给收款人贷记收款人账户；汇出行发送头寸拨付指示拨付指示MT202COV给其账户行，要求划拨给其账户行，要求划拨头寸给汇入行。汇入行确认账户行收妥对账报头寸给汇入行。汇入行确认账户行收妥对账报文文MT950/910后才解付收款人。后才解付收款人。201*年年5月月27日，日，Mr.B指示布鲁塞尔的指示布鲁塞尔的A银行，将第银行，将第1234号发票项下号发

21、票项下USD10500支支付到付到Mr.S位于伦敦的位于伦敦的B行行987654321账户账户上。上。使用使用MT103发送电文给发送电文给B银行，发报行业务编银行，发报行业务编号号*COV;MT202COV发送电文给代理行发送电文给代理行C银行（纽约），银行（纽约），贷记贷记B银行在银行在D银行（纽约）的账户为银行（纽约）的账户为12344555，发报行业务编号，发报行业务编号*COV.MT103-付款通知，不能拨头寸，随后使用付款通知，不能拨头寸，随后使用MT202SENDER :AAAABEBBRECEIVER :BBBBGB22SENDERS REFERENCEVALUE DATE/C

22、URRENCY CODE/AMOUNT :1*0527USD10500，00CURRENCY/INSTRUCTED AMOUNT :USD10500ORDERING CUSTOMER :50KMr.B HIGH STREET3Senders correspondent :53A:CCCCUS33RECEIVERS correspondent :DDDDUS33BENEFICIARYS CUSTOMER :59 :MR.S LOW STREETMT202 COVSENDER : AAAABEBBRECEIVER :CCCCUS33VALUE DATE/CURRENCY CODE/AMOUNT :

23、1*0527USD10500，00ACCOUNT WITH INSTITUTION :57A:DDDDUS33BENEFICIARY INSTITUTION :58A:BBBBGB22ORDER CUSTOMER: 50kBENEFICIARY CUSTOMER:59:间接付款（间接付款（Serial payment），汇款指示），汇款指示和划拨头寸指示电文合并发出。汇出行只和划拨头寸指示电文合并发出。汇出行只向其账户行发送一个向其账户行发送一个MT103，要求其将款，要求其将款项通过中间行项通过中间行/代理行解付收款人，是汇入代理行解付收款人，是汇入行委托其账户行代为汇款。行委托其账户行代为

24、汇款。According to the time of shipment and of payment :payment in advance :pay at the time of order(cash with order) or prior to shipment of the goods, commonly used in specialized and capital intensive goods.payment after arrival of goods :also called open account, say, cash on delivery.remittance ag

25、ainst documents Characteristics of remittanceriskyUnbalanced capital burdenSimple procedures and cost-efficient Case 1Case 1：出口合同规定的支付条款为装运月前出口合同规定的支付条款为装运月前1515天电汇付款，买方延至装运中始从邮局寄来银行汇票天电汇付款，买方延至装运中始从邮局寄来银行汇票一纸，为保证按期交货，出口企业于收到该汇票次日一纸，为保证按期交货，出口企业于收到该汇票次日即将货物托运，同时委托银行代收票款。一个月后，即将货物托运，同时委托银行代收票款。一个月后，接

26、银行通知，因该汇票系伪造，已被退票。此时，货接银行通知，因该汇票系伪造，已被退票。此时，货已抵达目的港，并已被买方凭出口企业自行寄去的单已抵达目的港，并已被买方凭出口企业自行寄去的单据提走。事后追偿，对方早已人去楼空。据提走。事后追偿，对方早已人去楼空。 结论：结论：1 1、进口方改变了付款方式、进口方改变了付款方式 2 2、收到汇票并不等于收到钱，当企业无法辨、收到汇票并不等于收到钱，当企业无法辨别其真伪时，应交银行代为审核别其真伪时，应交银行代为审核Case 2Case 2通过展会认识接触过一家澳洲的客户，对公通过展会认识接触过一家澳洲的客户，对公司的一款牛皮面橡胶底的防水登山鞋很感兴司的

27、一款牛皮面橡胶底的防水登山鞋很感兴趣。开始客人按最小订货量趣。开始客人按最小订货量30003000双要我方报双要我方报FOBFOB香港价格（香港价格（100% L/C AT SIGHT 100% L/C AT SIGHT ），我方），我方报了报了$15.5P/P(PER PAIR)$15.5P/P(PER PAIR)。客人回了封很简。客人回了封很简单的邮件：单的邮件： You really gave me a jump. Your quotation of pro-mountain bootie was 15% higher than other vendors. I have to put

28、it pending. （这款登山鞋工厂的报价是（这款登山鞋工厂的报价是13.5USD13.5USD。我贸易公司的底价是。我贸易公司的底价是15USD15USD。）。） 过了三天，客人沉不住气了，放出了一块特大的诱饵：We have 20,000PRS Urgent order for Pro-mountain bootie, the latest time of delivery should be the first half of Aug. Please promptly send 2 colors lab-dips for our approval. Our target price

29、is 14.75USD/PR; hope it is a good premise to the success of our first cooperation. Following is the order details: Please oblige me with a reply as quick as possible. E： Thank you for calling off the pending state of the order（_）. I sent 2 colors lab-dips via FedEx this morning. The Tracking No is *

30、. Please note, thanks! As for the unit price, I took a long and arduous negotiation with factory after received your mail. Factory and I ended up by meeting each other half-way to reduce the unit price to $15.30P/P. We sure hope you would see our pure wishing which was to set up the mutually profita

31、ble cooperation with you. Following is the quotation details for your review:Await your prompt reply. I：I am appreciated your great efforts for ornamenting this suffering order to a mysterious jashmak. But your last quotation still seemed like an air castle which made me failed to reach for. We all

32、need survive and do not necessarily spend too much time on the price issue. Lets settle on the price to 15USD/PR, which is what I can ultimately accept. Therefore the total quantity will be reduced to 10,000PRS. Please do not shilly-shally again. An early reply will be much obliged.E：Your last mail

33、made me trouble sleeping whole night. Moreover, this suffering order took me for a drowsed weekend. After a thorough discussion to those concerned, we finally accept the price of $15 per pair. But the payment terms indeed need change to 50% T/T deposit with 50% L/C at sight because we have to pay de

34、arly for raw materials. This is the only condition I can give you under your price issue. .Await your early reply. 这封信发出后，客人也坐不住了，直接打电话来跟我商量了很久，最后定下来的付款方式是50%的订金，50%余款见提单传真件后两周内支付（后T/T）。可是客人确认收到提单传真件约两个多星期了，还可是客人确认收到提单传真件约两个多星期了，还没有汇款进来。估计船已经到了墨尔本。我方连发没有汇款进来。估计船已经到了墨尔本。我方连发了两张了两张URGENTURGENT抬头的传真及邮件

35、去给客人，客人均抬头的传真及邮件去给客人，客人均没有回复。没有回复。 一定要想办法逼客人露面。通过香港的货代公司查一定要想办法逼客人露面。通过香港的货代公司查一下澳洲其他大的鞋类采购商的电话及传真号码，一下澳洲其他大的鞋类采购商的电话及传真号码，并给这三家公司都发了一份内容相同的传真：并给这三家公司都发了一份内容相同的传真： Dear Sirs, Here is a Branch of Taiwan XXXX Trading Co., Ltd in Chinese mainland. Your info was given us by XXXX, one of the biggest HK f

36、orwarder. About 40 days ago, XXXX Corp placed an order with us for 10,000PRS pro-mountain bootie. The goods had passed the final inspection by HK * certification Company and have arrived Melbourne port for a few days. Unfortunately, XXXX Corp is facing the financial crisis and they could not afford

37、to make payment for goods, which is the reason for why we have got to resell the goods. Please review to Page 1 for shoe illustration and description, Page 2 for final inspection report, Page 3 for B/L copy. We shall be pleased to receive further inquiries from you for price and sample. Your enquiry

38、 will be replied as soon as possible. Our Contact Inf Australian Forwarder Inf 发了此信的第二天，马上又给发了此信的第二天，马上又给STEPHENSTEPHEN写了份紧急写了份紧急的传真的传真( (之前写了好几封传真及邮件他都没有回之前写了好几封传真及邮件他都没有回复复) )： Dear Stephen, Since then we have been waiting for you for over one month, but no further responses have been received fro

39、m you. We have to resell the goods to other Australian importers in order to bail us out of difficulties. This is the only thing we can do under the circumstances. Hope you understand! Best wishes, I：Dear Sunny, Business is now rather difficult; it goes pretty tough day to day. I was full of confide

40、nce in attending shoe show abroad but failed to accomplish the purpose desired. That is the reason I never responded your messages. Sorry Sunny. Almost every month I have to pay off a sizeable amount for dozens of containers. Borrow from Peter to pay Paul that reminds me of an old saying of “Money T

41、alks”. So I often ask for help from suppliers to tide me over until I recall the part of currency issued. If you give 2% discount of the total sum of pro-mountain booties to me, I shall arrange the remittance immediately. Thank you for your cooperation in this matter. Please confirm by return. Best

42、wishes, 我方在传真上签了如下的几个字：我方在传真上签了如下的几个字： CFM.TTL SUM OF T/T: $72,000 (DDT 2% DISCOUNT) +$450(INSPTN COSTS) =$72,450. PLS ARRANGE T/T ASAP, IN ORDER TO OUR T/R 确认！确认！T/T总金额为：总金额为：$72,000(已扣除了已扣除了2%的的折扣折扣)+ $450(检验费检验费) =$72,450. 请尽快安排请尽快安排汇款以便我们电放汇款以便我们电放 注：注：TTL=TOTAL；DDT=DEDUCT；INSPTN=INSPECTION；PLS=PLEASE；ASAP=AS SOON AS POSSIBLE；T/R=TELEX RELEASE 但跟香港办事处的经理打了电话，说如果收到客但跟香港办事处的经理打了电话，说如果收到客人的汇款单据先不用急