同位语及同位语从

1、同位语及同位语从句 Read these sentences and discover the functions of the underlined words. 1. I live with my aunt . 2.She is the oldest among them . 3.Professor Smith, , often watches football games on TV. 4.The first plan, , was turned down.Annsixa football fanattacking at nightA conclusion 同位语用于对名词进行 。 同位

2、语与它所解释说明的名词之间是 的关系。 所以，判断是否同位语，可以非常简单地在两者之间加入一个be 动词（ is、are），使之成为一个句子，如果意思通顺、合乎逻辑 ，则为同位语。补充解释和说明对等，同位一体 什么是同位语从句？什么是同位语从句？在复杂句中在复杂句中充当同位语的句子充当同位语的句子就是同就是同位语从句。常常跟在某些名词后面位语从句。常常跟在某些名词后面（如（如idea, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt等）可以用等）可以用that或者或者其他连接词引起从句，用来解释前面其他连接词引起从句，用来解释前面名词的具体内容，这叫做同位语从句。名词的具

3、体内容，这叫做同位语从句。同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别 1.We were greatly pleased at the news that the Chinese womens volleyball team had won the match again2. We were greatly pleased at the news that our teacher had told us 3.Those who were against the planraised their hands4.There is no doubt that the price of ho

4、use will go up 5.The problem whether they could finish the project is very important.6.The reason why he was late for class is quite clear7.He has solved the problem why the radio was out of order8. He made a promise that hed take the children to the zoo the next week.9.We expect him to carry out th

5、e promise that he made last week. 10.They made a decision that they would close the factory in six months.11.Everyone was surprised to hear the decision that they had made.12.Do you have any hope that youll pass the maths exam?1.The news if our team has won the match is still unknown2. The fact he d

6、idnt come to the meeting made US all surprised3. News that came a group of foreign teachers would come to our school4. We dont believe his promise which he will help US5. The teacher asked the boy a question that where his hometown was6. The truth that she failed the entrance exam makes his parents

7、sad7. The possibility that a small star willhit the earth attracted peoples attention8. The idea that we can work at home with computers is very excitingsimilarity1、同位语和定语都是句子中的次要成分，拿走后并不影响句子的原有结构和意思的完整性。如：2、结构相似： “先行词+引导词+从句” Difference1从意义的角度来看，同位语从从意义的角度来看，同位语从句与先句与先 行词之间存在的是行词之间存在的是( )的关系；定语从的关系

8、；定语从句与先行词之间存在的是句与先行词之间存在的是( )关系，表示关系，表示“的的”，起，起（ ）作用。作用。 同位或等同同位或等同修饰和被修饰修饰和被修饰修饰限定修饰限定2从语法角度来看，引导同位语从从语法角度来看，引导同位语从句的句的that是连词，只起（是连词，只起（ ）作用，用来连接同位语从句，在从作用，用来连接同位语从句，在从句中（句中（ ）；而引导；而引导定语从句的定语从句的that是关系代词，它除是关系代词，它除了起引导从句的语法作用之外，还了起引导从句的语法作用之外，还要在从句中（要在从句中（），主，主要是作主语或宾语。要是作主语或宾语。语法上的连接语法上的连接不充当任何成分

9、不充当任何成分充当句子成分充当句子成分3从先行词的词性来看，同位语从句从先行词的词性来看，同位语从句的的先行词大都为（）；而定语从先行词大都为（）；而定语从先行词可以是（），也可以先行词可以是（），也可以是（）。是（）。 抽象名词抽象名词名词名词代词代词4从可否省略来看，同位语从句的从可否省略来看，同位语从句的that（）省略；但是定语从句中的（）省略；但是定语从句中的关系代词如果在从句中充当（关系代词如果在从句中充当（），在非正式用语中常常可以将关），在非正式用语中常常可以将关系代词系代词that（）。（）。不可以不可以宾语宾语 省略省略5从引导词来看，同位语从句有时从引导词来看，同位语从句

10、有时也可以用（也可以用（ ）来）来引导，但是定语从句则一般不用（引导，但是定语从句则一般不用（ ）来引导。）来引导。whether、how、whatwhetherhowwhat 6who，which，what，when，why，how，where等词都可以用来引导同位语等词都可以用来引导同位语从句，但它们的用法和用作关系代词或关从句，但它们的用法和用作关系代词或关系副词时引导定语从句的用法不同：引导系副词时引导定语从句的用法不同：引导同位语从句的关联词是对先行词的（同位语从句的关联词是对先行词的（）进一步的解释说明，与先行词不存在）进一步的解释说明，与先行词不存在（）关系；而引导定语从句的关（

11、）关系；而引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词不但在从句中（系代词或关系副词不但在从句中（），而且与其修饰的先行词指代的是同），而且与其修饰的先行词指代的是同一个人或者事物。一个人或者事物。 具体内容具体内容指代指代充当成分充当成分I have no idea where she left the bag.We expressed the hope that we would visit China again.Ive come from Mr. Lin with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon.Have you a

12、ny proof that he is a thief?The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.There can be no doubt that he is fit for the job.Then came the question where we were to get the machines we needed.The thought occurred to him that maybe the enemy had escaped.The question whether he will come or

13、 not is not settled.同位语从句和定语从句的几点区别同位语从句和定语从句的几点区别1.同位语从句的先行词多数为抽象名词，比同位语从句的先行词多数为抽象名词，比如如idea, thought, question, hope , belief, truth, news, fact, doubt, message, order, chance, possiblity, proof, 等等。而定语等等。而定语从句的先行词可以是很多从句的先行词可以是很多n.或代词，有人，或代词，有人，有物，有时间，有地点，有原因，抽象名有物，有时间，有地点，有原因，抽象名词也可以成为定语从句的先行词。

14、词也可以成为定语从句的先行词。2.同位语从句能够解释先行词的具体内容，属于同位语从句能够解释先行词的具体内容，属于同等位置关系，而定语从句只能对先行词起到同等位置关系，而定语从句只能对先行词起到限定修饰作用，不能解释清楚其具体内容。如：限定修饰作用，不能解释清楚其具体内容。如：The news that he succeeded in the test made us happy.The news that he got from the teacher made us happy同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句3.同位语从句多数用同位语从句多数用that引导，引导，that无成分，无意义

15、，仅无成分，无意义，仅起到连接作用。而定语从句的起到连接作用。而定语从句的that可以做主语，可以作可以做主语，可以作宾语（此时可省），有时还能用宾语（此时可省），有时还能用which替换。替换。 The truth that he was a thief made us surprised. The truth that he got from the police made us surprised.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句=(which)4.同位语从句可以用同位语从句可以用whether引导，引导，定语从句不行。定语从句不行。whether有意义有意义“是否是否”，但无成分。

16、，但无成分。The question whether he will come or not is not settled.定语从句可以用定语从句可以用whom, who, whose引导，而同位语从句不行，因为它引导，而同位语从句不行，因为它的先行词是抽象名词，不是的先行词是抽象名词，不是sb.5.when，where，和，和why引导定语从句时，先行词引导定语从句时，先行词必须分别是时间名词，地点名词和必须分别是时间名词，地点名词和reason.但他们引导同位语从句时先行词却不是这些。但他们引导同位语从句时先行词却不是这些。I have no idea when she will be b

17、ack.I dont know the time when she will be back.I have no idea where she left the bag.I dont know the place where she left the bag.The question why we must learn English has been asked many times.The reason why we must learn English has been explained.同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从

18、句定语从句6.同位语从句前面通常没有逗号。而定语从句有非限制性的。但要注意“同位语+定语从句”的这种句式。Meeting my uncle after so many years is an exciting moment, _ I will treasure forever.A.one B. the one C. that D. a one分析：one= a moment,是同位语，后面的I will treasure forever 是省略了that（做vt. treasure的宾语）的定语从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句，a和one不可以直接连用，故C、D不对。请看一个简单的例子：

19、 He is a good teacher, a teacher whom we all love.=., one we all loveExercises:1. The thoughts Li Ping often has are completely wrong. A. that B. why C. if D. what2. My English teacher told me a piece of good news our country has succeeded in applying to the right of holding the 2008 Olympic Games.

20、A. that B. C. whether D. how 3. You cant have the idea I was worried about your health then. A. what B. if C. how D. when4. No one knows the reason . He has broken the glass. A. what B. that C. why D. how5. Heres an announcement the winner at chess can get a prize of 1000 yuan. A. that B. why C. whe

21、ther D. when6. A computer can only do you have instructed it to do. A. how B. after C. what D. when 7. It was my suggestion that he not be sent abroad. A. would B. was C. must D. 8. I will give this dictionary to wants to have it. A. whomever B. whoever C. whatever D. wherever9. is no possibility Bo

22、b can win the first prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whether10. you dont like him is none of my business. A. Which B. That C.If D. Whether11. It was a matter of would take the position. A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever12. Mr. Green came here at six, the su

23、n was setting. A. where B. that C. until D. when13. The factory has 8,000 workers, eighty percent of are women. A. more than; that B. more than; them C. over; which D. over; whom Fill the blanks:1. what/that/which/how/who1). _ have you do with the goods is none of my business.2). _ you have dealt wi

24、th the goods is none of my business.3). I want to know _ of you is best at English.4). _ will go to the party hasnt been decided.5). _ China has entered the WTO encourages us very much.6). Believe in him! He is not _ he was two years ago.7). Im curious about _ youll take in the college.8). Im curiou

25、s about _ youll study courses in the college.Who How which Who That whatwhathow2. who/whoever/whichever/no matter who1). The award will be given to _ win the competition.2). Im determined to give up my present job, _ advises me not to do that.3). The boss will dismiss _ of us is not fit for the duty.4). The king promised to marry his daughter to _ could cure her illness.5). _ cured his daughters illness finally is not known