2020高考英语大二轮复习专题三关注点课时第2讲情态动词和虚拟语气教学案

1、第 2 讲 情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气在高考的语法填空和短文改错中鲜有考查，但在写作中却经常使用，恰当运用此语法能够成为得分的亮点，因此在二轮备考中考生对此语法也应做到足够重视。考点感悟语法填空语法填空中对虚拟语气和情态动词的考查并不难，主要是一些常见的基本用法。感 1.（2018 天津高考）I can't find my purse. I have left it in thesupermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.答案： might/could 此处表示对过去情况“有可能”的推测。2 .（2018 江苏高考）There is

2、 a good social life in the village, and I wish I（have） a second chance to become more involved.答案： had 根据语意语境可知 wish 在此表达现在的一个愿望，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词要用过去式。3 .（2017 北京高考）If the new safety system（put） to use, the accident would never have happened.答案： had been put 根据语意及句中的 would never have happened 可知，

3、if 从句表 示对过去情况的假设，故应用过去完成时。且主语 system 与 put 之间为被动关系，应用被动 语态。4 1. wish 后接虚拟句 如果表示对现在的虚拟，从句用一般过去时。如果表示对过去的虚拟从句，用过去完成时。5 . 虚拟语气的基本用法 对现在的虚拟if 从句中动词用过去式，主句用might/could/should/would动词原形；对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，主句用would/should/could/might have done 。短文改错短文改错中对虚拟语气和情态动词的考查并不多见，涉及时也是以基本用法为主。感 1.（2016 全国卷 n ）We can c

4、hose between staying at home and taking a trip.答案：chosefchoose情态动词后应跟动词原形。6 .（2016 全国卷出）I should available any time after school next week.答案： should 后加 be 句子缺少系动词且在 should 后应用 be 。7 .（2019 东北三校联盟）Most citizens in Hong Kong strongly insisted that those who attacked the police with violence were put

5、into prison.答案：werefbe insist作“坚持要求”讲时，其后宾语从句的谓语动词用(should +)动词原形，此处those 与 put 之间为被动关系，故改为 be put 。8 .(2015 四川高考)If you are me, would you talk to them?答案：are-were 根据语意可知此处应用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，be动词应用 were 。悟 1. 虚拟语气中 be 动词的选用 表示对现在的虚拟， be 动词一般用 were。2.insist “坚决要求”， suggest “建议”等后面接虚拟从句，谓语应为 should do 形

6、式，should 可省。考点素能一 情态动词1. 情态动词的基本用法情态动词不能单独作谓语，必须和后面的实义动词或be 动词一起构成谓语。(1)can/could 的用法：表示能力，意为“能，会”。表示客观或理论上的可能性。表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句。can比could语气强。(2)may/might 的用法：表示请求和许可。在疑问句中 might可以彳弋替may,语气更加委婉。表示推测，意为“或许，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may语气弱。(3)must 的用法：表示“必须”，语气强烈。表示推测，意为“一定”，用于肯定句。意为“偏要，非要不可”。(4)shal

7、l 的用法：用于第一人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见。用于各种人称陈述句中，表示说话人的命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心等；或用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。(5)should/ought to 的用法： should 表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。 should 表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然，居然”。 should 和 ought to 表示推测，指预期的可能性，意为“应该，估计”。2. “ 情态动词 have done ” 的用法该结构主要用来表述过去的情况，包括对过去的推测、遗憾、责备等。 (1)must have done"一定做过了某事&quo

8、t;，表示对过去事情有把握的推测。(2)could have done"本能做某事 (而实际上未做)”，can't/couldn't have done "(过去)不可能做过某事”。(3)may/might have done "(过去)有可能做过某事”。 (4)should/ought to have done"本该做某事而没做“。(5)needn't have done"本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。二虚拟语气主句谓语动词should/would/could/ might +动词原形1 .虚拟语气在if条件状语从句

9、中的应用类别从句谓语动词与现在事过去式实相反(be用were)类别从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与过去事实相反had +过去分词should/ would/could/might + ha vc十过 去分i司与将来事实相反过去式(be用were)should+动词原形were t0+动词原形should/would/cou Id/might+动词原形混合条件句有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不 一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示 的时间加以调整含蓄条 有时假设的情况不以条件从句表达.而是用 件句 bui forT wiihoui等介词短语)表示条件L用连同otherwise. or等暗示后文

10、与前面的 虚实 情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气； 错综句 2.虚拟条件通过bui暗示出来，模式为“虚拟 情况+ but+真实情况”2 .虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用(1)wish后面的宾语从句，表示一种不可能实现的愿望：表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式。表示与过去事实相反，从句用 had + done。表示与将来事实相反，从句用 would/could/should/might+动词原形。(2)would rather后面的宾语从句：表示与现在或将来事实相反时，从句谓语动词用过去式。表示与过去事实相反时，从句用had+done。(3)表示主张、命令、建议、要求等词后的宾语从句和同位语从

11、句常用« should +动词原形”结构，should可省略。一坚持:命令 四建议 五要求外加一个敦促职(4)定语从句：It's (high/about) time (that) .句型中，从句的谓语动t用一般过去时或should +动词原形(其中should不可省略)，意为“确实到了的时候了”。(5)as if引导的状语从句中：表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式。表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had + done。表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形。过关检测(限时：30分钟)I .单句语法填空1.It is required by

12、law that a driving test (take) before a mangets a license. 答案：(should) be taken2.I couldn't(go) through the hard times but for my teacher's generous and timely help.答案：have gone3.I was ill that day, otherwise I would(take) part in the sports meet. 答案：have taken4.The nationwide smog serves as

13、 a constant reminder, indicating that it's high time we(reflect) on ourselves.答案：reflected/should reflect1.1 t has been accepted that all the students put on masks before going toschool in case they are infected with flu virus.答案：shall6. John wants to see me now, but I have so much work on hand

14、that I would rather he (come) tomorrow instead of today.答案：came7. - Don't you think it is necessary that he(not send) to the Bulls but tothe Keats ？ I agree, but the problem is that he refuses to.答案： (should) not be sent8. I promise Shirley get a new iPad on her birthday. Will it be a big surpri

15、se to her？答案： shall9.1 don't think you give up the opportunity to go to university which youhave been dreaming about.答案：should10.it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match.答案：Shouldn .单句改错1.1 f I haven't seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it.答案：haven'

16、;t fhadn't2 .We would rather our daughter stay at home with us, but it is her choice, and sheis not a child any longer.答案：stayfstayed3 .We would as well stay where we are, because the outside is unsafe.答案：wouldfmight/may4 .You need have studied that late last night. It was harmful to your health

17、.答案： need 后面加 not5 .Had it not been for myteacher's help, I won't have won the first place in the contest.答案：won'tfwouldn't6 .No driving after drinking is a rule that every driver will obey in our country.答案：will fshall7 .Have I followed your advice, I wouldn't be in such an emba

18、rrassing situation now.答案：Havh Had8 . Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. Oh, it's too bad. You must have made full preparations.答案：must 一 should9 .Although you must find bargains in London, it's not generally a cheap place to shop.答案：must 一 can10 .Should I have a word with you? It

19、 won't take long.答案：ShouldfCan/May m.语法填空A recent study shows that most adults did household chores _1_ (active) _when they were young. Most kids today do not do as many household chores as before, _2_same study shows.An expert said, aParents today want their kids to spend more time 3 things tha

20、t can bring them money and honour. They have stopped _4_ (do) the one thing that has proven to bring success. That is doing household chores.”Another study finds that compared with the kids _5_ didn't do household chores, young adults beginning chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely _6_ (succee

21、d). They had better family relationships, did better in school, performed better at work and were more independent.Personal happiness _7 _(say) to come from strong relationships. It begins by learning to be kind and _8_ (help) to their parents at home.If your kids say they have to skip chores becaus

22、e it's time they _9_ (deal)_with their homework, you'd better not let them off the hook. If you do, your child may think grades are more important than caring about others."What may s eem likesmall 10 (message) at the moment add up to big ones over time , “ says an expert. 1.2. 3. 4.5.6

23、. 7.8.9.10.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，现在的大部分成年人小时候都做过家务，而 现在的大部分孩子都不像以前的孩子那样做很多家务了。1 .actively考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词，故要用副词形式actively 。2 .the考查冠词。此处的"study”就是上文提到的那个"study”,故用定冠词the表示特指。3 .on考查固定搭配。根据固定搭配spend sth. on sth. 可知，此处填介词 on。4 .doing 考查固定用法。根据语境可知，这里说的是“停止做某事”，而不是“停下来去做 某事”,故用 stop do

24、ing sth. 。5 .who/that考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词为kids ,关系代词在从句中作主语，因此本空填 who或that 。6 .to succeed考查非谓语动词。此处是 be likely to do sth. 句型，故填不定式。7 .is said考查动词的时态和语态。本句含有"be said +动词不定式”结构，且这里说的是现在的一般情况，主语为"Personal happiness : 因此填 is said 。8 .helpful考查词性转换。本空应填形容词helpful与kind并列作表语。9 .de

25、alt/should deal考查虚拟语气。It's time (that) .句型中，that从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用过去式或“should + do”,其中 should不可以省略。10 .messages 考查名词。message是可数名词，其前没有冠词，故要用其复数形式。W.短文改错Smog has covered large areas of Beijing recently, which has had much influence to our life. It's not convenience for us to go out due to the he

26、avy smog. In order to take in less than poisonous air, whichever we go outside, we have to wear masks. Facing such a seriously problem, we should take some immediate measure to solve it. As for our government, some laws should be passed to ban factories from giving off poisonous waste. At same time, we are supposed not to drive to work bu