2020年高考英语专题八七选五说明类专练(含解析)

1、专题八 七选五说明类专练（ 90 分钟 100 分）考点 01：冠词 3 颗星考点 03：介词和介词短语2 颗星考点 04: 名词 3 颗星考点 06：形容词和副词 5 颗星考点 08：非谓语动词 5 颗星考点 09：动词的时态和语态5 颗星考点 10：定语从句 3 颗星考点 12 并列连词4 颗星考点 13 状语从句 3 颗星考点 24：七选五说明文专练5 颗星第 I 卷（选择题） （每题 2 分，共 40 分） 一七选五根据短文内容， 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有两项为多余 选项。A （考点24中难）The USAis a society formed by ma

2、ny different immigrant cultures that produced a new and mixed culture. Most Americans celebrate different customs which started in other countries and start several new traditions and cultures. They tend to live independently, and communicate directly, honestly and informally with their families, fr

3、iends and colleagues.Americans always keep advancing with the times. In America,it is relatively common for both parents to work, and American women are equal partners in marriage.In the USA, the most common family unit consists of the parents and children living under one roof. Most American childr

4、en are taught to compete, through organized sports and education, as well as speak out their minds and have confidenceto stand up for what they believe in. Many immigrant families alsofeature several generations living under one roof, with younger family members respecting the elders needs and valui

5、ng their opinions.Whenpeople from different cultures get married and have children, they may have issues when it comes to maintaining their unique traditions and mixing shared customs at the same time. However, with a little effort, children in thesefamilies can benefit from having both outlooks and

6、 traditions. Children who are raised bilingually can also benefit in future careers and learn to make decisions better than monolingual kids.A.Many Americans find happy life is important.B.They are also taught to respect their parents at all costs.C.It can be a challenge to find the perfect balance

7、between cultures.D.According to socialists, the American family culture has many unique aspects.E.American children refuse to follow their parents advice and always argu e withthem.F.Changing rather than sticking to tradition is considered by many Americans as improvement.G.The difference is easy to

8、 deal with if parents can meet halfway and stand in the other s shoes.B （考点24中难）I still remember my first time going to the Chinese company's canteen. WhenI stepped onto the elevator, each one was full of people. However,there was no sign of fire and people were laughing and talking. I followed

9、the flow of the crowd to the doors of the canteen. It occurred to me that in China everyone has lunch almost at the same time.The canteen followed thisschedule, only being open a few hours per day.When I stood in the doorway, I realized I hadto act fast or I would be leftbehind. Unli ke my school lu

10、nchroom, here everyone lined up and tooka tray, and instead of silverware there were chopsticks and soup spoons.As I was pushed along the line, I saw dishes I didn't recognize and as peoplecut in line and picked up dishes left and right, I ended up takinga pork and cucumber dish and a tofu salad

11、.I have been at my company for over a year and a half. I havelearned what dishes I like, mostly by trial and error, and a lot of the workers know me and say hello to me.I am still getting used to eating lunch at "lunchtime", but I think theschedule definitely helps keep me on track during

12、the day.I wish there weresomething like this at offices in my hometown.A. I thought I had missed a fire drill.B. There was no emergency; it was just lunchtime.C. I noticed things at lunchtime were a bit different.D. I felt that I needed to make some quick decisions.E. The canteen reminded me of my s

13、chool lunchroom.F. And now I am glad to say I am more confident in the canteen.G. I was not very familiar with the local food or restaurants in China.C （考点24中难）Earth is home to around 7,000 languages, around half of which are expected to disappear by2100.Languages disappear for many reasons. Sometim

14、es younger generations stop leaming a language because parents want children to fit in. NativeAmerican children of the late-19th century were required to attend boarding schools where educators forbade them from speaking their native languages.The United Nations ranks endangered languages according

15、to their risk level.For example, a "critically endangered" language is one that even grandparents don ' t speak often. NewYork ' s Onondaga language is an example with only 50 speakers left. An " extinct" language has no speakers. It is gone forever. Alaska ' s Eyak l

16、anguage is one example. In the same way, different languages contribute to culturaldiversity. Saving theselanguages benefits our understanding of other cultures. Languages can show howa society looks at the worldand what it values.A language may describe something in a way that is funny ,too. In Wel

17、sh , it rains not cats and dogs , but old wives and walking sticks.The Endangered Language Alliance wants to save languages fromdisappearing. However,its efforts are limited. If an endangered language is going to make areal comeback, it ' ll probably get its start in schools. For nearly 100 year

18、s, public schools in Hawaii did not teach theHawaiian language. Now students can keeplearning in Hawaiian from elementary schools to college and beyond. At least one did. In 1881, a Jewish linguist named EliezerBen-Yehuda brought the 3 ,000-year-old language Hebrew back to life. Today it isone of th

19、e official languages of the country of Israel,with more than 4 million speakers.A. The last person who spoke it died in 2008.B. Why should we save endangered languages?C. Various animals and plants benefit our environment.D. With just 5 speakers left,it is absolutely endangered.E. Can a language wit

20、h zero native speakers come back to life?F. Sometimes societies force minorities to give up their language.G. The nonprofit group finds native speakers and records their stories.D （考点24中难）Long, long ago people couldn't write and they had no books. But they had stories.People learned the stories

21、by heart and taught new ones to one another. Sometimesit was hard to remember them all. The ancient Egyptians wrote their stories on something made from papyrus （纸莎草） plants. People in other places learned to use papyrus from theEgyptians. So parchment （ 羊皮纸 ） ， made from goatskin ， later took its p

22、lace.In ancient China, books looked a little different. At that time, people thereused ink to write on bamboo or silk. And then they invented paper. Made of trees，paper was easier and cheaper to makethan papyrus or parchment. Papermakinglater spread to the West, but there was a big problem with thes

23、e early books. Every single one had to be copied and written by hand. They carved （ 雕刻） a page of word's into a piece of wood or stone. Theycould then print the page by spreading ink on the wood or stone and putting it against paper. But it wasn't until a German printer invented movable, met

24、al letters that books became fast and easy to make. The letters could be used to print copy aftercopy, and the letters put together again and again to print different pages of words. Once a luxury （ 奢侈品） only the rich could buy. it soon became atreasure everyone could enjoy,A.But papyrus grew mainly

25、 in Egypt.B.It took years to finish making just one book.C.Finally books could be printed by the thousands.D.Things grew a little easier when writing was invented.E.Its surface was smoother and better for writing on too.F.Books in the West didn't change for a long time after that.G.The Chinese w

26、ere the first to think of a way to speed things up a little.第 II 卷（非选择题） （每题 1.5 分，共 60 分）语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（1）Friendship is one of the most important things in everyone slife. is very difficult to find a better definition（ 定义 ） of friendship.A true friend is the person 考点 10 ca

27、n share all our sadness and doubleall our happiness. In time of trial（尝试 ） , he or she is always at our side to giveus his or her help and comfort.Knowing how valuable friendship is, we should be very 考点 06（care） with our choice of a friend. We should （choice） those peoplewith a good character as ou

28、r friends, but we must try to avoid考点08 (make) friends with a bad man. Besides, we should forgive their mistakes and try to help them as much possible.A true friend can always 考点 09 (trust), loved and respected.If you tell a friend your secrets, he or she will not tell others. Friends sharetheir joy

29、s 考点 12 unhappiness. They help each other when they are考点03trouble,andcheereach other up when they are sad. 考点 01 most important thing is that a friend always understands you. Inconclusion, when you have made a good friend, don t forget him or her.(2)The British Museum, 考点 08 (locate) in the Bloomsb

30、ury area ofLondon, is the first national public museum dedicated to human history, art andculture. Its permanent collection numbers some 8 million works, making it one ofthe largest in 考点 04 (exist). It has been 考点 06 (wide)sourced , documenting the story of human culture 考点 03 itsbegi nnings to the

31、 present. As with all other national museums in 考点 01 United Kingdom, it charges no admission fee. Its ownership of some of its most famous objects 考点 10 originally came from other countries is controversial, particularly in the case of the Parthenon Marbles. Today the museumno longer houses 考点 04 (

32、collection) of natural history,and thebooks and manuscripts( 手稿 ) once it 考点 09 (hold) now form part ofthe independent British Library, 考点 12 it still keeps itsuniversality in collections of artificial works 考点 08 (represent) the cultures of the world, ancient and modern.(3)Last year, my brother and

33、 I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before s aid was a wonderful holiday destination.Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months 考点 06 (early), but

34、the man at the front desk said there hadbeen a mistake. We 考点 09 (tell)that our rooms hadn't been reservedfor that week, 考点 12 for the week after. I didn't understand this would happen and my credit card had already been charged 考点 03 the reservation. What's worse, the hotel had been ful

35、ly booked.When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was 考点 06 (surprise)helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 考点 01 top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room,and we weren't charged extra.The next day, mybrother and I went to the b

36、each 考点 13 we watchedsome people play volleyball. Wegot a little 考点 08 (sunburn),but theday had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.(4)The British have many traditions but there is nothing more quintessential (典型的 ) than taking afternoon tea. Weknow the British have a love affair with drinking

37、tea, 考点 03/08 more than 160 million cups drunk every day, but it wasthe invention of afternoon tea that turned tea-drinking into 考点 01popular pastime.This sociable feast involves drinking good quality tea 考点06 (comfort) while nibbling ( 小口吃 ) on nice sandwiches, scones with jam and cream and a selec

38、tion of small cakes. And, of course, it can only happen in the afternoon! Afternoon tea, 考点 08 (design) as a light snack to bridge the gapbetween lunch and dinner, dates back to the 1840s.It went on to become a考点06 (fashion) social occasion for the upper classes.Now there is a resurgence ( 复苏 ) in i

39、ts 考点04 (popular) in theUK and it is available to anyone who can afford it. 考点 13 it can beenjoyed at home, the best way to experience it is at a smart hotel of cafe . But ifyou re thinking of visiting such a place考点 08 (enjoy) a plate ofsweet and tasty treats with a steaming hot brew, remember the

40、rules you must follow to avoid 考点 08 (ask) to leave.Writer Hen ry James once noted that “there are few hours in life moreagreeable than the hour devoted to the ceremony known as afternoon tea ” . I m sureonce you try it, you 考点 09(agree).参考答案一、七选五A、答案：D; A; F; B; C日答案：ABEDF解析：本文讲述了作者第一次在中企餐厅就餐的感受。1.

41、 A【解析】根据下文“然而，并没有着火的迹象，人们都有说有笑”可知，设空处的内容需说明一下为何提到“有着火的迹象”。 A 项“我本以为我错过了消防演习”解释了为何作者会认为应该出现着火的情况, 故选 A 项。2. B【解析】根据“我突然想起在中国每一个人几乎都在同一时间吃午饭”和下文“餐厅遵守着这个时间表”可知 ,B 项“根本没有什么紧急情况, 只不过是午饭时间而已”符合语境，故选B项。3. E【解析】下文“每个人排着队，拿着一个托盘，还有筷子和汤匙而不是银餐具”描述的是买饭时的场景, 由此可知 ,E 项“这个餐厅让我想起我的学校的餐厅”是对作者看到的餐厅场景的总结, 且 E 项中的 scho

42、ol lunchroom 与下文呼应, 故选 E 项。4. D【解析】根据上文中描述的周围同事取菜的场景和下文中提到的“我最终选择了黄瓜炒肉和豆腐沙拉”可知 , 设空处应该与作者取午餐相关,D 项“我觉得我应该快速作决定”是对作者取到午餐前的心理描写，符合语境，故选D项。5. F【解析】根据设空前的“我在公司已经一年半多了”以及设空后的“主要是通过反复摸索以后 , 我已经知道了我喜欢吃什么菜, 许多员工也认识我了并且和我打招呼”可知 , 该段的内容是对作者熟悉在中企工作后的描写 ,F 项“现在我可以很高兴地说我在餐厅更加自信了”是对作者熟悉中餐厅后的描写 , 故选 F 项。C 答案：F; A;

43、 C; G; E解析：1. 由第二段内容可知 , 整段都在说明语言消失的原因 , 所以小题 1 也是在陈述语言消失的原因。故 F 选项切题。2. 由 .An " extinct" language has no speakers. It is gone forever. Alaska ' s Eyak language is one example. 可知 , 已经灭绝的语言没有说种这语言的人了。它永远消失了。阿拉斯加语言就是一个例子。所以小题 2 说的是 : 说这种语言的最后一人死于2008 年 , 这种语言也就永远消失了。 符合对前文的解释。故 A 选项切题。3

44、. 由第三段可知，第三段主要在讲述人们受益于不同种的语言。再由 in the same way可知, 小题3在讲述各种动植物有益于环境，以此说明多种语言也有益于人类。故C选项切题。4. 由 The Endangered Language Alliance wants to save languages from disappearing.可知 , 这个濒临灭绝语言联盟希望挽救这些即将消失的语言。 小题 2 要说明他们具体的做法。故 G 选项切题。5. 由 At least one did. In 1881, a Jewish linguist named Eliezer Ben-Yehuda

45、broughtthe 3 ,000-year-old language Hebrew back to life. Today it is one of the officiallanguages of the country of Israel, with more than 4 million speakers.可知 , 至少有一种语言做到了。在1881 年, 一位名叫 Eliezer Ben-Yehuda 的犹太语言学家使这个有3千年历史的希伯来语复活。 今天 , 它是以色列的官方语言之一, 有 400 多万使用者。 所以通过回答和举例说明，我们可以判断出小题5要问“没有人说白语言能复活吗

46、？"。故E选项切题。D 答案：DAEGC解析： 1. D 提示：根据第二段第句 The ancient Egyptians wrote their stories onsomething made from papyrus plants.（ 古埃及人把他们的故事写在用纸莎草这种植物制作的东西上。 ）可知，第一段的最后一句承接第一段的内容并引起第二段的内容，所以应该填与“把故事写下来”相关的内容。2.A提示：根据前后文，由于纸莎草做的东西可以记录故事，所以其他地方的人也想采用这种方式 . 后文又提到一种羊皮纸后来取代了纸莎草， 说明其他地方的人得到纸莎草不容易，才会选择转代物， A 项

47、符合语境。3. E提示：根据前一句 Made of treespaper was easier and cheaper to make thanpapyrus or parchment.（ 用树木制造的纸，相比纸莎草和羊皮纸更加便宜和容易制作。）可知，这一段是在讲用树木制作的纸的特点。4. G提示：这一空为句首的句子，所以结合整段内容可知，这一段是在讲述怎样让书的制造过程更加简易迅速。结合选项G 中的 speed 可以得出答案。5. C提示：此处为最后一段的首句，结合全文可知，这一段对于书的发展史进行了总结，C项符合语境，现在的书可以成千上万的复制印刷。二、语法填空6. 1 ）答案：It; w

48、ho; careful; choose; making; as; be trusted; and; in; The7. ）答案：1. located 2. existence 3. widely 4. from 5.the 6.that 7. collections8.held 9.but 10. representing解析：本文主要叙述了位于伦敦布卢姆斯伯里地区的大英博物馆, 它是第一个致力于人类历史、艺术和文化的国家公共博物馆, 且不收取费用。1. located 【解析】 考查词性转换。 be located in.为固定搭配, 意为“坐落于, 位于 ”,本句为从句"whic

49、h is located in ”的省略句 , 去掉了 which is, 故填 located 。2. existence 【解析】 考查词性转换, 句意 : 它的永久藏品数量大约为 800 万 , 使它成为现存的最大的博物馆之一。 in existence 为固定短语 , 意为“现存”。3. widely 【解析】考查副词。修饰动词sourced 应用副词作状语, 故填 widely 。4. from【解析】考查介词。fromto 为固定搭配，意为“从到"。句意：它的来源广泛, 记录了人类文化从开始到现在的故事。故填from 。5. the【解析】考查冠词。the United

50、Kingdom为固定用法，意为"英国"，故填the。6. that 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知 , 句中的 its most famous objects 是先行词 , 空处在定语从句中作主语 , 指物 , 且先行词被形容词最高级修饰, 所以要用 that 引导定语从句。7. collections【解析】考查名词的单复数。collection是可数名词，此处指很多的收藏, 故填复数形式collections8. held【解析】考查时态。分析句子可知,空处是谓语动词,与it是主谓关系,根据时间状语 once 可知 , 本句要用一般过去时, 故填 held 。9. but【解析