新编英语教程5_unit1_教学课件

1、Hit the Nail on the HeadAlan WarnerI. Pre-reading QuestionsvHave you ever hit a nail into a box? Whats the correct way of doing it?vCan you see the connection between the proverb and our writing?Suggested Answersv Force the nail to the right placevIt means exactly right in words or actionE.g. : (1).

2、 Your criticism really hit the nail on the head. 你的批评确是一针见血。你的批评确是一针见血。 (2). In so saying, you hit the right nail on the head. 你你这样说确是击中要害。这样说确是击中要害。 vThe author advises that the English students should try to get the words, phrases and sentences completely right for their purposes in their writing.

3、II. Library Work1. Gustave Flaubert (1821 1880), French novelist, was associated with the movement of naturalism and known as one of the greatest realists of 19th-century France. He devoted his life to long hours spent in heavy toil over his work. His writing is marked by exactness and accuracy of o

4、bservation, extreme impersonality and objectivity of treatment, and precision and expressiveness in style, or the principle of the mot juste.2. Mrs. Malaprop is a famous character in Sheridans comedy The Rivals (1775). She is noted for her blunders in the use of words. She has given us the word mala

5、propism（as a name for such mistakes. 用词错误，尤指误用发音相似而意义全非的词） i.e., the unintentional misuse of a word by confusing it with one that resembles it, such as human for humane, singularity for singleness.3. Hindi（印地语）is a literary and official language of northern India. Swahili（斯瓦希里语）is a Bantu（班图) langua

6、ge that is a trade and governmental language over much of East Africa and in the Congo region. Bantus are people belonging to a group of tribes found in equatorial and southern Africa. III. Organization of the Textv 1. An analogy between the unskilled use of the hammer and the improper choice of wor

7、ds (Paragraph 1)v2. The significance of finding the right words (Paragraphs 2 - 3)v3. Semantic differences between words having the same root (Paragraphs 4 - 7)v(1). Example 1 (human vs. humane) (Paragraph 4)v(2). Example 2 (anxiety vs. eagerness) (Paragraph 5)v(3). Example 3 (singularity vs. single

8、ness) (Paragraphs 6 7)v4. Wrong choice of words caused by failure to recognize their connotations (Paragraph 8)vExamples: imprison, contain, sum up, epitomize and distillv5. Stylistic differences between synonyms (Paragraph 9)v6. The abundance of specific words in English for general notions (Paragr

9、aph 10)v7. Conclusion (Paragraph 11): the importance of a good control and command over known words (A good writer is not measured by the extent of his vocabulary, but by his skill in finding the word that will hit the nail cleanly on the head. ) IV. Key Points of the Text1.drive something home: for

10、ce (the nail) into the right place; make something unmistakably clear 把（钉把（钉子等）打入；使明确无误子等）打入；使明确无误vE.g. (1). He slammed the door and drove the bolt home. 他砰地关上门，把门闩插好。v(2). drive ones point home 讲清楚自己的观点v(4). 为了阐明他的政策，总统又写了第为了阐明他的政策，总统又写了第二封信。二封信。vTo drive home his policy, the president wrote his se

11、cond letter.v(5).你必须使约翰明白我们钱确实不够。你必须使约翰明白我们钱确实不够。 vYou must drive it home to John that we dont have enough money. v2.deft: skillful & quick熟练的熟练的,灵巧的灵巧的vE.G.,(1) She is deft at dealing with reporters. v她善於与记者周旋.v(2) The deft fingers massaged his scalp.3. ambiguous: be confusing because it indicates

12、the presence of two or more possible meanings.Eg., (1) Frustrated by ambiguous instructions, the parents were never able to assemble the new toy.v(2) The wording of the clause is ambiguous and needs clarification v该条款的措词模棱两可，需要澄清4. vague: unclear in meaning because its expressed in indefinite form o

13、r because it reflects imprecision of thoughts.E.g., (1)Whats happened?Oh, a lot of things. She said vaguely.(2) My plans are very vague. v我的计划非常我的计划非常含糊含糊。Paraphrase 1vA word that is more or lessat clean English.(para.1)A writer who is particular about the exactness of an expression in English will

14、never feel happy with a word which fails to express an idea accurately.5.ScrupulousvTake great care to do what is fair, honest, or morally right.vE.g.,The paper was not entirely scrupulous in setting out its assumptions.vTheres a lot of pressure on manufacturers to behave scrupulously.v2) thorough,

15、exact and pays careful attention to detailvE.G., The nurse treated him with the most scrupulous care. 1)那位护士悉心尽力地照料他。vunscrupulous: 不择手段的, 肆无忌惮的, the opposite of scrupulous, seems to be more often used to describe people who do not care about honesty and fairness in getting what they want, or who ar

16、e completely without principles. Paraphrase 2vChoosing words is part of who hear or read our words. (para.2) To a certain extent, the process of finding the right words to use is a process of perfection where you try to search for words that may most accurately express your thoughts and feelings, an

17、d words that may most effectively make your listeners and readers understand your thoughts and feelings.Paragraph 2vQuestion 2: Do you agree with the author that there is a great deal of truth in the seemingly stupid question “How can I know what I think till I see what I say”? Why or why not?concep

18、t vs. conception:vconcept: an idea of a category or kind generalized from particular instances. Thus, “cat” arises form the many cats we see. It also refers to a widely held idea of what something is or should bevConception: the idea of what a thing is or should be is held by an individual or small

19、group and is often colored by imagination and feeling: A childs conception of the universe is formed by his limited experience and his own fancies.paraphrase3vIt is hard work that finding them brings.(para. 3) Finding the most suitable word is in no sense easy. But there is nothing like the delight

20、we shall experience when such a word is located.Paragraph 4vhuman vs. humane: human: relating to or characteristic of humankind or peoplevE.g.: human action: action taken by man 人的行为v To err is human; to forgive, divine. v犯错人皆难免；宽恕则属超凡。vhuman killer: a person or a machine that kills humans v杀人凶手；杀人机

21、器vhumane: having or showing compassion or benevolence; characterized by kindness, mercy, sympathyvE.g.: humane action: merciful action v人道的行为vhumane killer: that which kills but causes little pain; instrument for painless slaughter of animals v牲口无痛屠宰机，牲口麻醉屠宰机vParagraph 65.rife: widespread, common（流行

22、的，（流行的，普遍的）普遍的）. an adj. sth negative.vE.g.: (1). Crime and violence were rife in this city before liberation.v(2). Superstition is rife among the savage tribes. v迷信盛行于蛮族之间。singularity vs. singleness:singularity: strangeness, oddity, peculiarity 奇特奇特, 特性特性, 非凡非凡vE.g.: singularity of mind 思想奇特；标新立异si

23、ngleness: complete devotion to; holding steadfastly tovE.g.: singleness of mind 思想专一, 专心致志vParagraph 7vhold to: (cause to) follow exactly, keep to (sth such as a promise); adhere to坚持，遵守，忠于坚持，遵守，忠于 vE.g.: (1). Whatever your argument, I shall hold to my decision. v(2). The priest held to his beliefs

24、in spite of cruel treatment.v(3). He holds to a simple life. vdraw aside: (cause to) move to one sidevE.g.: (1). Drawing the curtain aside, he looked down into the street. v(2). The crowd drew aside to let the prisoner pass.6.coercion: pressure, compulsion; government by force 强迫，压制；高压统治强迫，压制；高压统治vE

25、.g.: the coercion of public opinionv舆论的压力vcoercion and bribery v威胁利诱vHe paid the money under coercion. v他被迫付钱。vcoerce sb into doing somethingvcoerce uniformity 强求一致7.epitomize: be typical of; serve as the typical example of 代表，象征，代表，象征，写写 的梗概的梗概，E.g.: (1). He was the man who epitomized black resista

26、nce to the colonial government. 他代表着黑人对殖民地政府的反抗。v(2). Her novel epitomized both the good and the evil in victorian。vepitome n.: a thing or person that shows a quality or set of qualities 典型，象征；缩影典型，象征；缩影v a short account of a book or speech 梗概；缩写，节录vE.g.: (1). She is the epitome of arrogance. 她是傲慢的典

27、型。v(2). My cat is the epitome of laziness (= My cat is very lazy.).vParagraph 10vmarch: walk with firm regular steps like a soldier 齐步前进齐步前进, 行行军军vpace: walk with slow, steady steps, especially backwards and forwards 踱方步踱方步vpatrol: go at regular times round (an area, building, etc.) to see that ther

28、e is no trouble, that no one is trying to get in or out illegally, etc. 巡逻，巡查巡逻，巡查vstride: walk with long steps or cross with one long step 大踏步大踏步地走，跨地走，跨vstalk: walk stiffly, proudly, or with long steps 高视阔步地走高视阔步地走vstrut: walk proudly or stiffly, especially with the chest pushed forward and trying

29、 to look important 趾高气扬地走，大摇大摆趾高气扬地走，大摇大摆地走地走vtread: step on 踩踩, 践踏践踏Paragraph 10vtramp: walk (through or over) with firm heavy steps 用沉重的脚步行走用沉重的脚步行走step out: (AmE) go outside or go somewhere (美口美口) 暂时走开暂时走开vprance: move quickly, happily or proudly with a springing or dancing step 欢跃地走欢跃地走vprowl: (

30、of an animal looking for food, or of a thief) move about (an area) quietly, trying not to be seen or heard 潜行，暗中徘徊潜行，暗中徘徊vE.g.: beasts prowling after their prey 四处觅食的野兽四处觅食的野兽Paragraph 10vsidle: (up) walk as if ready to turn and go the other way, especially secretively or nervously（尤指鬼鬼祟祟地或胆怯地）（尤指鬼鬼

31、祟祟地或胆怯地）悄悄地走悄悄地走vE.g.: He sidled up to the stranger in the street and tried to sell him the stolen ring. 在街上，他鬼鬼祟祟地走到陌在街上，他鬼鬼祟祟地走到陌生人面前企图向他兜售偷来的戒指。生人面前企图向他兜售偷来的戒指。Paragraph 10vcreep: move slowly and quietly with the body close to the ground 匍匐前进，爬行；匍匐前进，爬行； 蹑手蹑脚地走蹑手蹑脚地走vE.g.: The cat crept silently

32、towards the mouse. 猫悄悄地向老鼠爬过去。猫悄悄地向老鼠爬过去。v The policeman crept up on the criminal and seized him from behind. 警察偷偷逼近罪犯，从后面将他一把抓住。警察偷偷逼近罪犯，从后面将他一把抓住。Paragraph 10vplod: (especially along, on) walk slowly, especially with difficulty and great effort; trudge 沉重缓慢沉重缓慢地走，步履艰难地走，步履艰难vE.g.: The old man plod

33、s along, hardly able to lift each foot. 那老那老人步履艰难地走着，双脚几乎都提不起人步履艰难地走着，双脚几乎都提不起来。来。Paragraph 10vtrudge: walk with heavy steps, slowly and with effort (plod) 步履艰难地走步履艰难地走, 跋跋涉涉vE.g.: He had to trudge (for) 20 miles to get home. 他要跋涉他要跋涉20英里才回到家。英里才回到家。vshuffle: walk by dragging ones feet slowly along

34、曳足而行，拖着步子走曳足而行，拖着步子走vstagger: walk or move unsteadily and with great difficulty, almost falling 蹒跚，摇晃，踉跄蹒跚，摇晃，踉跄vE.g.: He was staggering along as if drunk. 他摇摇晃晃地向前走，好他摇摇晃晃地向前走，好像喝醉了酒一样。像喝醉了酒一样。vtoddle: walk with short unsteady steps, as a small child does 蹒跚蹒跚行步，东倒西歪地走行步，东倒西歪地走Paragraph 10vstroll: walk a short distance slowly or lazily, especially for pl