江苏省南京师范大学附属实验学校2012届高三英语 语法专题复习讲义7

1、高三英语语法专题复习讲义（7）1. I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson_ . （2005湖南） A cut in B cut down C cut out D cut up Note: cut in 插嘴. cut off使隔绝; 切断（电源、自来水等）cut up 切碎；cut down 砍倒，削减；2. We went to Canada to travel and my cousin_as our guide. (2005湖南) A played B showed C acted D performed 3. 1) You will f

2、ind as you read this book that you just cant keep some of these stories to_. You will want to share them with a friend. (2005湖南) A itself B yourself C himself D themselves 2)Would you slow down a bit, please? I cant_you. (2001北京、安徽、内蒙古春季) A keep up with B put up with C make up to D hold on to Note:

3、keep away (from sth.) 避开；keep back 阻止，隐瞒；keep fit 保持健康；keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事；keep sth in mind 牢记某事；keep off 避开；keep on doing sth. 继续做某事，反复做某事；keep out 把挡在外面； keep . to oneself 将作为秘密保守 4. (1) The computer system_suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. (2006辽宁) A. b

4、roke down B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in (2) To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it_into parts. (2005湖北) A down B up C off D out (3) I was still sleeping when the fire_ , and then it spread quickly. （2006广东） A. broke out B. put out C. came out D. got out Note: break in破门而

5、入，闯入；break into强行进入，闯入；break up打碎，分开； break down坏掉；把分成若干部分 打破，毁掉；破除；制服；坍塌；（计划等）失败，不成功；(健康、精神)垮下来；中止，停顿 break out（火灾）发生（战争）爆发；（争吵）爆发 5. 1) It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly_my friend. (2007四川) A. turn out B.bring out C. call out D. pick out 2) She_Japanese when she was in Japan. Now sh

6、e can speak it freely. （2006福建） A.picked out B. made out C. made up D. picked up Note: pick up（偶然地、无意地）获得、学会;继续；恢复；收拾、整理；捡起、拾起；（车辆等）中途搭（人）、中途带（货）；（在无线电里）收听到 pick out辨认,挑选 Part 3 Grammar:非谓语动词 （1） 动词不定式、动名词Revision1. The light in the office is still on.-Oh, I forgot . A. turning it off B. turn it off

7、 C. having turned it off D. to turn it off2. She cant help _the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. Cleaned D. being c leaned3. Not everybody has the ability in public.A. of speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak4. Mary is always the first student to answer the teacher

8、s questions in class. A. rising B. to rise C. rose D. risen5. Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day? - _enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be gettingI Analysis 动词不定式. 不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式时态/语态主动式被动式用法一般式  To do To be done 进

9、行式 To be doing  To be being done 完成式 To have done To have been done 否定式 Not/never + to do/ to be done/ to have done/ to have been done/ to be doing 不定式的进行式由to be + V-ing构成，用来表示谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。Eg. Some students pretended to be reading English when the teacher c

10、ame in.不定式完成式由to have + V-ed构成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。- Is Bob still performing?- Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official.( 2005年江苏卷No.25) A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been D. to be left 不定式的被动式分为一般式被动to be V-ing和完成式被动to have been V-ed。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不

11、定式要用被动语态。Eg. It is an honour for me to be invited to the party. The book is said to have been translated into many languages. All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas. (2005年辽宁卷No.22) A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be

12、 receivingII. 不定式句法功能1. 作主语：_The cat said, “To take roller coaster” is terrible. The cat said, “Its terrible to take roller coaster.”作主语常见句型：a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult) + 不定式 b) It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, ones duty, a shame) + 不定式2. 作表语：_主语是aim, idea, policy, question, suggesti

13、on, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。eg. Our most important task now is to make a plan.3. 作宾语_ The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!”.a) 可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, o

14、ffer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等2005年天津卷12题：I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair.A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded当不定式短语比宾补长时，往往将不定式放到宾补后，而用先行代词it作形式宾语，常用动词有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。The cat felt it terribl

15、e to take roller coaster.b) 不定式一般不作介词的宾语，只有少数介词如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词都是实义动词do, does, did时，通常省略to。Eg. We have no choice but to wait.Cf. We can do nothing but wait.4. 宾语补足语_在SVOC句型中，许多动词都可以按不定式作宾语补足语。a) 通常作宾语补语的不定式要带to，常用于以下动词之后：ask, tell, advise, allow, ena

16、ble, expect, force, get, like, order, teach, want, invite, wish, beg等You should get them to help you.但在谓语动词believe, find, think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove等后面跟to be作宾补，不跟to doeg. They believe him to be honest.b) 以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带to一些表示“致使”意义的动词，如：let, have, make等一些表示感觉的动词，如：hear, feel,

17、 see, watch, notice等但当这两类动词为被动态时，不定式就成了主补。作主补的不定式必须加上toDont let the children trouble you./ I heard someone open the door.His father made him go to bed early.He was made to go to bed early by his father.5. 作定语_以下几类情况常用不定式作定语：能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有attempt, decision, promise, plan等eg. He hasnt

18、 kept his promise to write to his parents regularly.常与不定式搭配的形容词，其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。常见的有ability, determination, anxiety, eagerness等eg. His eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear.序数词形容词最高级或被only, last, next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语：She was the only person to survive after the earthquake.6. 作状语_不定式可以作状语，

19、表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。to, in order to , so as to (不能放在句首)作目的状语2005年辽宁卷22题：All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas.A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving在soas to, such.as to, only to 结构中不定式作结果状语，其中only to用于表示意想不到的结果。He

20、hurried to the station only to find the train had gone.7. 作插入语，用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，如to be frank（坦白地说），to be sure（确实）等。Eg. To tell you the truth, I hate you.动名词动名词的句法功能：动名词由动词加ing构成，与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用，在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。 主语_可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语，而把动名词后置。eg. Seeing is believing. (眼见为实)/ Sayin

21、g is easier than doing.动名词作主语还有习惯表答法：It is no use (good) + 动名词：做某事没有用Eg. Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收)作表语：_eg. His hobby is collecting stamps. (此句为SVC结构) 可改为：Collecting stamps is his hobby.作宾语_A. 作及物动词的宾语(enjoy, mind, finish, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, escape, pratise, suggest,

22、keep(on), miss)eg. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. (2005年上海卷No.32) A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost 答案为BB. 有些动词（attempt, begin, continue, hate, like, love）后面既可以接不定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语，意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛指一般的倾向性，用不定式则表示特定或具体某一种动作。Eg. I l

23、ike swimming but I dont like to swim in winter.C. 有些动词，如forget, remember, regret等，后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作，不定式表示的动作后于谓语动词。Eg. When asked by police, he said that he remembered _ at he party, but not _.(2005年北京卷No.30) A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leaveD.

24、 在下列句型中动名词作真正宾语：动词+it（形式宾语）+宾补+动名词（真正宾语）eg. I think it no use telling them./ We think it no good inviting to him.E. 作介词的宾语Eg. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour _ his notes. 2005年浙A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying onbe used to doing 习惯于做；look forward

25、 to doing 盼望做；devote ones life to doing 致力于做； be proud of doing 为做而自豪；be tired of doing 对做感到厌倦；feel like doing 欲想做； have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing 做某事有困难； eg. Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _ jokes. 2005年江苏卷No.23 A. turning up B. putting up C. making u

26、p D. showing up 答案为C作定语: 动名词可作前置定语，表示所修饰的词的用途或目的，可用for改写；而现在分词作定语时，可用定语从句改写。swimming pool a sleeping car=a car for sleeping a sleeping child= a child who is sleeping3动名词的逻辑主语_人称代词做逻辑主语时应用所有格，即形容词性物主代词Eg. Do you minding my smoking here?逻辑主语是不定代词或指示代词时，很少用所有格，而用普通格。Eg. He was awakened by someone knock

27、ing the door./ Theres no need for that being done.逻辑主语是名词时，用所有格，但是如果名词为无生命物体时，则用普通格。Eg. Marys laughing made Tom angry./ There is no hoping of the factory making profit.Eg. I really cant understand _ her like that. 2005年安徽卷 A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treatingII Practice 1. We ag

28、reed _ here, but so far she hasnt turned out yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met2. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning3.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. (MET99) A. not make B.

29、not to make C. not making D. do not make 4. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. (NMET2000) A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects5. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. (MET1998)A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented C. havi

30、ng invented6. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. (MET2003)A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much7. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (NMET95)A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do no

31、t to8. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. (MET 97)A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking9.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.(1999上海高考)A. to be chosen    B. to choose from  C. to choose  D. for choosing10. _late in the afternoon, B

32、ob turned off the alarm. (2001年北京春季高考) A. To sleep  B. Sleeping  C. Sleep  D. Having sleep 11. (01上海春招) Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong.A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit12. (02全国) Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but

33、it remains _ whether they will enjoy it   A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen13. (辽宁卷) I dont know whether you happen _, but Im going to study in the USA this September.  A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard14. (03上海，43) An army spokesman stressed that all the

34、soldiers had been ordered _ clear warnings before firing any shots A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued15. (2004 全国III) Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music.  A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard16.

35、 (上海春季卷) In order to make our city green, _.  A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant  C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees17. (04上海春招) Im going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything _?  A. to be buying B. to

36、 buy C. for buying D. bought18. (04福建，27)  The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left.  A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told19. (04湖南，33) You were silly not _ your car A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked20. (2005 天津12) I dont want

37、_ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair.  A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have soundedPart 3 综合能力训练 Escape to the Sunny Isles of the CaribbeanSnowmageddon! What a rough winter for so many parts of the country! All of that snow and cold only makes planni

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