(完整word版)高中非谓语动词讲解及练习

1、英语语法一一非谓语动词在解非谓语习题时同学们遇到最大的困难有两个：一是如何判别是谓语动 词还是非谓语动词；二是如何选用哪一种非谓语动词及其恰当的形式。例题.tired of Tom stalk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.A) To getB) To have gotC) GettingD) Have got一般来说，在句子中没有连接词的情况下，逗号是无力连接两个句子的。据此，首 先可以确定 这是一个简单句，非谓语动词短语放在句首作状语。依据非谓语动词短语 get tired of与其逻辑主语Ju

2、lia之间的主动关系，以及谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动 作几乎同时发生，没有明显的先后顺序，可以断定应用现在分词一般式作原因状语，即“由于厌倦了 Tom只说不做的工作态度”，故正确答案为C。例题二 that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.A) HeardB) Having heardC) HearD) To hear依据非谓语动词hear与其逻辑主语his friends之间的主动关系，以及前后句的逻辑关系，可以断定用现在分词形式来作时间状语，再根据现在分词的动作“听说”发生在主要谓语动词“来”之前，由此

3、判断应该用现在分词的完成式(只用作状语时使用)，意为“听说Bob已得到提升，他的朋友都来向他表示祝贺”，故正确答案为B 口胃非谓语动词的三种形式名称形式用法不定式to do表目的、将来动名词doing表主动及现在分词done表被动及过去非谓语动词的形式变化非谓 语 形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定 式F式;to doto be donefor sb. to do sth.或of sb. to do sth.在 to前力口 not或never (不定式的否定形式)完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing/完成 进行式to have b

4、een doing/动名 词一式doingbeing donesb.或 sb s doing作主语要用sb s doing/完成式having donehaving been done现在 分词与动名词变化形式相同在前加not非谓语语法功能的比较 做宾语的非谓语动词比较情况常用动词只接/、定 式 做宾语的 动词hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen只接动名 词做宾语的 动词或短 语mind, miss,

5、 enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resistfeel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on,think of, be proud of, take pride in,set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, de

6、vote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to两 者 都 可 以意义 基本 相同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue多指具体的动作，接动名词多才”般或习惯行为）need, want, require （主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动兵美 系，接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形 式）意义 相反stop to do 停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事stop doing停止止在做的事意义 /、同remember/forget/regrettodo

7、（指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regretdoing （指动作已经发生）go on to do （接着做另外， 件事）go on doing （按看做同一件 事）try to do （设法，努力去做，尽 力）try doing （试试去做，看有何结 果）mean to do （打算做，企图做）mean doing（意思是，意味着）can t help （to） do （不能帮忙做）can t help doing （忍不住要做）be considered to havedone被认为已经做了consider to be认为是consider doing考虑做杲事做宾补的非谓

8、语动词比较分类常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及 时间概念例句不定 式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want,wish,encourage主谓关系，强调动作将 发生或已经完成I asked to be sent to the countryside.I heard him call me several times.have,notice,see,watch,hear, feel, let, make现在 分词notice,see,watch,hear,find, keep, have, feel主谓关系，强调动作正 在进行，尚未完成I found her l

9、istening to the radio.过去 分词动宾关系，动作已经完 成，多强调状态We found the village greatly changed.做定语的非谓语动词比较分类区别例句不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般 式表小将来，进行式表小与谓语动 作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动 词之前发生I have a lot of papers to type.I have a lot of papers to be typed.I haven t decided which hotel to stay at.（ 介词at不能丢）现在分 词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示 动作与谓语动作

10、同时发生the boiling water / the boiled water the developingcountry/thedeveloped countrythe falling leaves/the fallen leaves过去分 词与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示 动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已经 完成或只表小状态注意：the bridge to be built将建造的桥,the bridge being built 正在建造的桥，thebridge built 已经建好的桥【考点一】不定式作状语不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句， 不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、 结果状语或原

11、因状语。1 不定式用来作目的状语：作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，这里往往译作 “为了，想要” 。To be a winner ， you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。2 不定式用于so.as to . ， such.as to ； enough to ； too.to ； only to 等结构中作结果状语。（ 1） Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?你能不能行行好，借给我你的自行车？（ 2） He is such

12、a fool as to think that his strange behaviour can inflectothers. 他如此愚蠢以至于认为他奇怪的行为会影响他人。（ 3） He hurried to the booking office only to have been told all the tickets had been sold out.他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告诉所有的票已经卖完了。注意 ： “only to do ”表示出乎意料的结果， tell 和主语 He 之间存在动宾关系，因而应用不定式的被动结构 。而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。（ 4 ） His

13、 parents died ， leaving him an orphan.他的父母去世了，使他成为孤儿。【经典考题】1 . There were many talented actors out there just waitingA to discoverB to be discoveredC discoveredD being discovered2 Why are the students working so hard these days. ready for the coming entrance examination.A To getB GetC GettingD Got3

14、With Father s Day around the corner， I have taken some money out of the bank presents for my dad.A buyB to buyC buyingD to have bought【考点二】过去分词作状语1 过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当 于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。（ 1） Given the right kind of training ， these teenager soccer players may one day grow into int

15、ernational stars.如果得到正确的训练，这些少年足球选手有朝一日可能成为国际明星。 Reminded not to miss the flight at 15： 20, the manager set out forthe airport in a hurry.得到提醒不要错过15 ： 20的航班，他匆忙出发过了机场。2 某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中。此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态 ，这样的词有：lost（迷 路的 ） ， seated（ 坐）， hidden（ 躲 ）， lost/absorbed in（ 沉溺于 ）， d

16、ressed in（ 穿 着 ） ， tired of（ 感到厌倦 ）等，不管它们作什么成分都不用其ing 形式。Lost in the mountains for a week ， we were finally saved by the local police. 在大山里迷失一个星期，我们最终被当地警察所救。Absorbed in his book ， he didn t notice me enter the room.专心读书，他没注意到我进入房间。【经典考题】1 . from the top of the tower ， the south foot of the mountain

17、 is asea of trees.A SeenB SeeingC Having seen D To see2 Michael s new house is like a huge palace ， with his old one.A comparingB comparesC to compareD compared【考点三】现在分词作状语1 动词的 ing 短语作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作， 它对谓 语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。 动词的 ing 形式作状语可以表示时间、 原因、 条件、 让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。（ 1） Being ill ， he couldn t go

18、 to school.因为生病，他不能去上学。（原因）， thus causing the delay.（结果 ）（ 2） My car was caught in a traffic jam 我的车被交通拥挤堵住，所以延误了。（ 3） As the light turned green ， I stood for a moment ， not moving ， and asked myself what I was going to do.（ 伴随 ）当交通路灯变绿灯时，我站了一会儿，一动不动，自问要做什么事。2 现在分词有：一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式，每一种形式的否定式都是

19、直接在前面加 not 构成。一般式（doing） 表示主动的 一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作；被动式（being done） 表 示正在进行的被动的动作；完成式 （having done） 表 示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作；完成被动式（having being done） 表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。（ 1） Not having received a reply ， he decided to write again. 没有得到答复，他决定再写信去。（ 2） The old man ， having worked abroad for twenty years ， came ba

20、ckto his motherland.（work 与句子的主语 The old man 之间存在主谓关系，而且 work 这一动作发生在谓语动作之前 ）在国外工作了二十年，这位老人回到了祖国。（ 3） Having been scolded many times ， he determined to study hard to catch up with others.多次被批评之后，他决定努力学习赶上他人。3（记住） 有一些固定结构， 如： generally speaking ， taking everything intoconsideration ， judging from/by

21、等，无论主语是什么都用这种形式作状语。（ 1 ） Taking everything into consideration ， the result is better than expected.把一切因素考虑进去，结果比预料的要好。（ 2） Judging from what he said ， he must be an honest man. 从他说的话来判断，他一定是一位诚实的人。4 现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别：如果是意义上的主谓关系，一般用现在分词形式；如果是意义上的动宾关系，则一般用过去分词。（ 1） Seen from the top of the hill ， the p

22、ark looks even more beautiful.从山顶上看，这个公园显得更加美丽。 （see 与主语 the park 之间存在动宾关系）（ 2） Seeing from the top of the hill ， we find the park even more beautiful.从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。 （see 与主语 we 之间存在主谓关系 ）【经典考题】1 . Dina ， for months to find a job as a waitress ， finally took aposition at a local advertising a

23、gency.A strugglingB struggledC having struggledD to struggle2 at my classm ates face，sI read the same excitement in theireyes.A LookingB LookC To lookD Looked3 a written permission ， he had to write another letter to thepresident of the university.A Not givingB Not having been givenC Having not give

24、nD Having not been given【考点四】非谓语动词作定语1 现在分词（短语 ）作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。There are two roads before us ， one leading to the beach ， the other to the park.在我们面前有两条路，一条通向沙滩，另一条通向公园。2 过去分词（短语 ）作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit grown on his o

25、wn farm.早饭他只喝自己农场种植的新鲜水果榨出来的果汁。3 动词不定式作定语多表示将来动作。【经典考题】1. I mafraid we llhave problems.A remaining to settleC remained to talk aboutWe are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的聚会。to work extra hours ， for there are still someB remaining to be settledD to remain t

26、o discuss2 Many buildings in the city need repairing ， but the one first isthe library.A repairedB being repairedC repairingD to be repaired【考点五】非谓语动词作宾补1 过去分词作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。（ 1） I ll have my house painted tomorrow.明天我会让人把我的房子粉刷一下。 （被动 ）（ 2）（ When I opened the door

27、， I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.当我打开门时，我发现地面被落叶所覆盖。2 现在分词作宾语补足语：现在分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语， 该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。 现在分词作宾语补足语强调正在进行的主动动作，即动作过程的一个部分。可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see ，watch ， hear ， observe ， feel ， find ， have ， keep 等。 They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他们使用电脑使交通畅通无阻。【经

28、典考题】1 . Listen ！ Do you hear someone for help?A callingB callC to callD called2 Alexander tried to get his work in the medical circles.A to recognizeB recognizingC recognizeD recognized3 It s wonderful to hike with Dad and I have felt with him.A to protectedB protectedC protectingD to be protected【

29、考点六】 have, get 后接三种形式作宾补have ， get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中 have ， get 表示 “使、让、叫 ”之意。1 . have sth. done =get sth. done使/让某事由别人去做（叫/让某人做某事）I ll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow. 我明天得（请人 ）修一下我的自行车。Mr Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.152. have/get sb. /sth. doing 使某人/ 物持续做某事注意： have

30、sb. doing 若用于否定句中，其中 have 有 “容忍 ”之意。I won t have you speaking to your dad like that.我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。3. have sb. do sth. 叫某人做某事【经典考题】1 I have a lot of readings before the end of this term.A completingB to completeC completedD being completed2 With the world changing fast ， we have something new all by

31、ourselves every day.A dealB dealtC to dealD dealingwith3 Every year ， Tom remembers to have mother on her birthday.A sendB sentC sendingD being sentsome flowersto her非谓语动词高考真题练习1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _a good college.A. entero mB. to enterC. entering o mD. e

32、ntered2He ran as fast as he could to catch the early bus.A. to hope。mB. hopeC. hoping o mD. hoped3.He spent every -minute he could spoken English.A. practise。 mB. to practiseC. practising。 mD. practised4.Before going abroad he devoted all he could his oral English.A. improve。 mB. to improveC. improv

33、ingD. to improving5. He knows nothing about it, so he can t help any of your work.A. doingB. to doC. being doingD. to be done6. All her time experiments, she has no time for films.A. devoted to doB. devoted todoingC. devoting to doi ngD. is devotedtodoing7. Once your business becomes international,c

34、onstantly will be part of your life.A. you flyB. your flightC. flightD. flying8. Not only should you get used under difficult conditions but you also you paymore attention your work well.A. to work, to doB. to working, to doingC. to work, to doingD. to working, to do9. Both of my parents insisted a

35、computer for me, but I don t think it is necessary.A. to buyB. buyingC. on buyingD. in buying10. “ Do you have anything more, sir? ” No. You caohavesameshingelse.”A. typingB. to be typed m going to study in the U.S.A. thisD. to have heardC. typedD. to type11. I don t know whether you happen it, but

36、ISeptember.A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear12. and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped 二 Ihebeautiful scenery.A. Tiring; to admireB. Being tired; admiringC. Tired; to admireD. Tired; admiring13. Don t leave the water while you brush your teethA. runB. runningC. be

37、ing run D. to run14. He looked around and caught a man his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. putB. to be putC. to put D. putting15. the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.A. Having stolen B. Having been stolenC. StolenD. Stealing16. To answer correctly is more important than.A. that

38、 you finish quickly B. finishing quickly C. to finish quickly D. finish quickly17. You will see this product made in this factory wherever you go.A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising18. The monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed theriver.A. to have disc

39、overedB. to have been discoveredC. to discoverD. having been discovered19. Have you considered your job as a teacher?Yes. I like the job because a teacher is often considered a gardener. A. to change; to be B. to change; being C. changing; being D. changing; to be20. Mr. Green is said an experiment

40、to prove the new method of solving theproblem when young.A. to do B. to have done C. to be doing D. to have been doing 21. Seeing the soldiers well for the flood-fight, the general nodded withsatisfaction.A. prepare B. preparingC. prepared D. having prepared22 .（山西省晋中市2009学年度高三年级第一次调研考试题，35） I walke

41、d out of thecinema,Id never come back to this hell of a place .A . determining B. decided C. to determine D . to decide23 .（山东省 日照市 2009 年高三模拟考试，26） Every time he had a chance, he would talk about the great difficulty he had in the new country .A. settledB . settlingC . to settleD. settle24 .（山东省济宁市

42、20082009学年度高三第一阶段质量检测，32） There was asudden burst of light a terrible noise.A . following B. to follow C. followedD. followed by25 .（福建福州八中2009年元月高三调研考试试卷，30） in a red skirtin the opening ceremony of the 2008 Olympic Games, the little girl Lin Miaoke won the hearts of- the people all over the world.

43、A. DressedB. WornC. DressingD. Wearing26 .（福建福州八中 2009年元月高三调研考试试卷，34） The problems at the meeting tomorrow are really hard to solveA. discussedB. to discussC. to be discussedD. discussing27 .（唐山市2008-2009学年度高一第一次教学质量检测，20） nWhen whyhe behaved that way at table, he made no reply.A . being askedB. ask

44、edC. asking D. to ask28 .（唐山市2008-2009学年度高一第一次教学质量检测，23） , Mom hada cup of coffee and a few minutes . restA . With her housework doneB. With her housework being doneC. With her housework doingD. With her housework to do29.（湖南省衡阳市八中 2009年上期高二第一次月考试卷，31）The manager introduced the rules that she would

45、like to see the next year.C. establishedD. to establish22） in thought completely, heC. Having lostD. HavingA. establishB. establishing30.（重庆市一中08-09学年高二上学期期末, didn t even know what was going on.A. Losi ngB. Lostbeen lost【答案与解析解析】1.【解析】其实正确答案应是 B此句为省略句，即在 could后省略了动词do,若把 句子补完整应为 Everyone in our clas

46、s was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语(to enter a good college)是用作目的状语的，而 一不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。2.【解析】此题的答案是 C不是A,其中的现在分词短语hoping to catch the early bus用作伴随状语。3.【解析】此题答案选 C,这与前面动词 spent的搭配有关，即spend(in) doing sth。 若将止匕句补充完整， 即为 He spent every minute he could s

47、pend in practising spoken English.4.【解析】此题答案选D,注意两点：一是devoteto 是固定搭配，意为 把 贡献给”；二是其中的to是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。5.【解析】其实答案应选A。比较以下结构：can t help to do sth不能帮助做某事can t help doing sth禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事 6.【解析】此题最佳答案为Bo现分析如下：(1) devote意为 致力于，献身于“，主要用 devoteto 或be devoted to,其中的to 是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不用不定式。

48、(2)选A错误：若将do改为doing则可以。(3)选B正确：all her time devoted to doing experiments为独立主格结构，用作状语。(4)选C错误：因为all her time与devote为被动关系，故应将 devoting改为 devoted。(5)选 D 错误：若单独看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并没有错， 但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式，所以从整体上看仍不对，假若在后 一句的句首加上 and或so,则可选D,或将D将中的is改为being也可选它。7.【解析】最佳答案

49、为Do由于空格后出现了 constantly这一副词，这就说明不能选 B或C,因为B、C均为名词，不能受副词constantly的修饰。A和D均是可能的，因为其中有动词fly。但若选A, you fly是一个主谓结构，与其后的谓语 will be相冲突， 所以只能选D,即动名词flying在此用作主语。8.【解析】正确答案为B,因为get used to与pay attention to这两个结构中的to均为 介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不能动词原形。类似地，以下各结 构中的to也是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时也应用动名词，而不是动词原形9.【解析】答案应选Co其实，动词insist后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词，因为 insist通常用作不及物动词；若语义上需接宾语，要借助介词on或upon,即用于insiston upon (doing) sth ；但它有时的确也可用作及物动词，不过其宾语通常只能是that从 句，而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。10.【解析】最佳答案是B。确实，在“h