英语论文参考文献及夹注

1、四、毕业设计(论文)格式要求1、夹注标示法下面分间接引用、直接引用和转引加以例示夹注 表示法。另外注意，夹注中的作者和作品必须与文后 的参考文献形成一致。经讨论，现统一夹注格式如下 (注意夹注中的页码无需再添加)(1)间接引用A.如果引用只涉及一个作家的某本专著或文 章，而作家的名字在自己的行文中没有出现，将该作家的姓氏和出版的时间用括弧括起来，放在句子结 尾，注意该括弧算作句子的一部分，标点符号应放在括弧之后。例：It has been argued that teachers?role is to provide the students with optimal conditions w

2、hich can facilitate learning so that students can achieve similar results (Bloom, 1976).B.如果引用所涉及到的作家的名字已经出现在 行文中，只需要在名字后面加上括弧，填入出版时间即可。例：Gould (1988) attributes Darwin?s success to his gift for making the appropriate metaphor.C.如果引用涉及到的作家和著作的出版时间在 行文中已出现，那就不再需要单独的夹注了。例：In a 1988 article, Gould expl

3、ores some of Darwin?s most effective metaphors.D.如果引用涉及到的著作是由两位作者合著， 则每次引用时都需把两位作者的姓氏注出来，在夹 注中用“&”，在行文中则用“and®接两个作者。例：The disadvantages of the multiple regression analysis are that it cannot show the complex interrelations between independent variable (Bryman & Cramer, 1990). Bryman and

4、 Cramer also pointed out that E.如涉及到的作者超过两人，第一次加夹注时， 写出所有作者的姓氏，以后每次引用只需写出第一 作者的姓氏，其后加上“et al即用。例：Scientists have isolated a gene connected to circadian rhythms in plants (Millar, Straum, Chory, Chua, & Kay, 1995) . They identified the mutations that activated light-dependent pathways (Millar, et

5、 al., 1995)F.如果涉及到同一作者的不同著作，在括弧中 按出版时间分开；如果是同一作者在同一年的不同 著作，在出版时间后用小写英文字母区别。例：(Halliday, 1978, 1992); (Halliday, 1967a,1967b)G引用同样姓氏的不同作者假若两个或两个以上的作者有同样的姓氏，则 括号夹注中应同时使用他们名字的首字母，如：Well-established SLA researchers ( R. Ellis , 2002) seem rather skeptical of the assertion that repetition alone explains

6、the development of the knowledge of a second language N. Ellis , 2002).引用中文著作或期刊时同姓作者的情况较多， 应在括号夹注中使用他们名字的首字母加以区分， 如：(W.Y. Wang, 2003) (L.F. Wang, 2003)(2)直接引用A.如果原著作者的姓氏在自己的行文中没有 提到，那你需要把作者的姓氏，出版时间用括弧括 起，放在引文的后面，引文用双引号。例：Conceptually, motivation is seen as "the combination of effort plus desir

7、e to achieve the goal of learning the language plus favorable attitude toward learning language ” (Gardner, 1985).B.如果引文中原来就有引号，将有引号的部分 改为单引号。Based on different findings, it is proposed thatthe type of motivation and its strength are likely to be determined less by some generalized principle and mor

8、e by ,who learns what in what milieu? (Laser-Freeman & Long, 1993).(3)转引如果你的引用不是从原著中获得，而是来自二 手资料，你就需要在引用完后用圆括弧注明来源， 在来源前加上“qtdin”的字样。在参考文献目录部分，你就按引用的实际出处撰写条目。例： Gothe wrote that “ittakes more culture to perceive the virtues of The Magic Flute than to point out its defects qtd in Newman, 1958).正文

9、中(下划线部分是注释的格式)的夹注与 文后参考文献确保一致。举例：2.2 The Tang Poetry TranslationsIt is certain that the translation of Tang Poetry into English is definitely a hard job. Alexander Tyler once said, “Thebest translators of poetry therefore, have been those who have approved their talents in original poetical composit

10、ion (2001), which means that only poets can translate poems. As cultural elements are the most important things in translation studies. Different cultures have different ideas in certain objects, which affected translation a lot.These two lines say that why does someone have to play the “ Plucking W

11、illows " on the Qiang flute its sullen note to complain of the late coming of spring? People should learn that spring breeze would never reach farther on than the Jade Gate Pass. Between the lines, the lack of concern on the part of the imperial court for the frontier guards is insinuated (Sun,

12、 1996).Though the use of L1 has 10ng been criticized due to the influence of the behaviorism, it was thought to invite speculation and discussion in the recent few years and could be used to work through particular L2 problems that learners were struggling with (Stern, 1999, qtd in Grabe & Stoll

13、er, 2006).(在Grabe & Stoller的书籍中提到Stern的观点时 这样处理)后面的参考文献对应如下：Grabe, W. & Stoller, F. L. Teaching and Researching: ReadingM. Beijing: Foreign Language teaching and Research Press, 2006.Stern, H. H. Fundamental Concepts of Language TeachingM. New York: Oxford University Press,1999.Tytler, A. F.

14、 Essay on the Principles of Translation M. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.孙大雨.古诗文英译集M.上海：上海教育出 版社，1996.2、参考文献的列法References （Bibliography） （ "Times NewRoman'字体，小3号，加粗，后面不加任何标点符 号）论文最后的参考文献中所有文献的排列顺序 为：先英文文献（按姓氏字母顺序排列）后中文文 献（按姓氏拼音字母顺序排列）；序号或编号为“1、” “2.每个参考文献的信息依次包括：

15、作者、文献题目、发表的期刊杂志或出版社名称、发表时 间、期数或著作页码；第二行起必须缩进4个英文字符；字体：汉语用宋体，英语用 “Times New Roman' 1.5倍行距，小四号，不加粗；另外，参考 文献必须与夹注形成一一对应关系，即文章夹注、 脚注中出现的作者必须出现在参考文献中，反之亦 然，参考文献中的文献也必须是在文章中出现过的。各类参考文献著录标识为：M专著C论文集N报纸文章J期刊文章A专著、论文集中的析出文献D博士论文MA-硕士论文Z其它(如工具书)M/CD光盘图书J/OL网上期刊N/OL网上报纸(1)主要参考文献要求示例：1 Aitchison, J. The Lan

16、guage Web M. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.2 Goulden, R. Nation, P., & Read, J. How large can a receptive vocabulary be? J. Applied Linguistics , 1990,11 (4): 341-363.3 Kucera ) H. The mathematics of language A. In the American Heritage Dictionary (Second ed.)C.Boston: Houghton Mif

17、flin, 1982.4顿祖纯，董春枝.对外语教学”与土语教 学”本体的再思考J.江汉大学学报(人文科学版)， 2006,(05): 725-730.5陈华森.模块化专业课程计划的研究与开发D.硕士学位论文，杭州师范大学,19896桂诗春.新编心理语言学M.上海：上海外语 教育出版社，2001.7桂诗春.中国学生英语词汇量调查A.In桂诗 春Ed.应用语言学与中国英语教学C.济南：山东教 育出版社，1982.8桂诗春.词汇测试中猜测问题新探A.In现代 英语研究C.上海：复旦大学出版社，1997.(2)网上期刊和网上报纸的示例1 Abood S. Quality improvement ini

18、tiative in nursing homes: the ANA acts in an advisory roleJ/OL. Am J Nurs ,2002 ,102(6):23 2002-08-12./AJN/2002/june/Wawatch.htm2傅刚，赵承，李佳路.大风沙过后的思考 N/OL.北京青年报，2000-04-12(14)2005-07-12. 5ED0412B1401.htm.注：英文参考文献中先姓再名、姓用全称、名 简化为大写的第一个字母，后面加点号；英文书籍 书名需要斜体.英文杂志名需要斜体。杂志类需要 在最后标出所引文章页码范围(如上文2)。作者三名以内的全部列出，