Tribon M3(TID)自整理

1、Tribon M3User's Guide用户手册（自整理） 附后有TID应用模块（超连接TID)初始设计主要模块（TID）Tribon M3 Form船型定义Tribon M3 Lines线型（光顺）Tribon M3 Surface & Compartment曲面和分舱Tribon M3 The Geometry Modeller各模块功能：Tribon M3 contains four separate but integrated systems for geometry modelling:Tribon M3 Form（含船型定义和性能分析计算）² 

2、3; Powering Module(formerly POWER)阻力推进² · Manoeuvring Module (formerly RESPONSE)操纵稳定性² · Seakeeping Module(formerly MOTION)波浪² · Dynamic Positioning (formerly DPDAS)动水力Tribon M3 Lines（含船型参数定义和线型光顺，生成曲面及静水力分析）Tribon M3 Surface（含曲面处理，生成生产设计要素）Tribon M3 Compartment（对船体进行分舱

3、及计算）Lines线型（光顺）Major Tasks主要功能：Fairing the Design3D Curve FairingCurve EditingWaterline EndingsDecksHull DistortionGenerating a surfaceHull Form Definitions采用B样条数学方法对2维和3维曲线定义，处理。Tribon Lines uses 2-D and 3D-sPACE曲面片和曲线编辑 curves to define a hullform, of which the mathematical basis is B- Splines.The

4、 mathematical spline is a close analogue of the draughtsman's spline, a long narrow strip of wood or plastic shaped into the required curve form by lead weights called "ducks".If the draughtsman's spline is considered as a long thin elastic beam, then Euler's equation yields:wh

5、ere M(x) is the bending moment, E is Young's modulus, I is the moment of inertia and R(x) is the radius of curvature. For small deflections we can assume:where y" denotes the second derivative of the deflection y with respect to x. If the ducks are assumed as simple supports:(a linear funct

6、ion)where A and B are constant, thereforeIntegrating the above equation twice shows that the physical spline can be described by cubic polynomials between supports:where a, b, c and d are coefficients of the polynomial.B-spline curves are splines in which the vertices of an open polygon together wit

7、h an appropriate knot vector and the B-spline basis functions of the required order uniquely define the curve shape (seeFigure 1:2.: B-Spline Curve with Defining Polygon.). The prime user functions of the B-Spline polynomial used in the Tribon Lines system are:1.Display of polygon vertices on the gr

8、aphics screen and interactive modification of the local curve shape by redefining the polygon vertices.2.Provision for creating a knuckle: i.e. a discontinuity in the first derivative of the curve. The B-spline definition for the entire curve span is unaffected by the introduction of a knuckle.3.Pro

9、vide a stable fit through uneven or irregularly sPACE曲面片和曲线编辑d data points.4.The B-spline can be easily interrogated for properties of the curve such as coordinates of a point, or the slope and curvature at a point and the area enclosed by the spline.B-spline Properties（B样条曲线特性）Convex HullThe B-spli

10、ne curve must be within the largest convex polygon obtainable from the defining polygon. As a consequence of the convex hull property, for a cubic B-spline if 4 consecutive polygon points are colinear then a straight line is obtained.Variation DiminishingThe B-spline curve does not oscillate about a

11、ny straight line more than its defining polygon.Numerical Stable/Computationally EfficientLines uses an algorithm for B-spline evaluation that is not only computational fast, but is also stable so that round off errors do not accumulate. The algorithm has the further advantages that it is compact an

12、d requires very little intermediate storage.Figure 1:2. B-Spline Curve with Defining Polygon.1.3.3 Principal Functions Provided功能概要Importing Data输入数据可以输入2维型值或导入数据文件。依次为首尾轮廓线，控制线（FOS边平，Knuckles折角，FOB底平，Plines 多义线），站线、肋骨表型值。然后构筑船壳外型对Waterlines水线和Buttocks纵剖线进行初步光顺检查。Exporting Data输出数据输出格式为HFD, BRITFAIR

13、 and IGES： Section Area curves to a specified Waterline对应水线横截面面积曲线。 Hydrostatics i.e. volume, LCB and form properties of a ship静水力 Transposed Sections i.e. new section positions after modification of the Section Area Curve.指定剖面积 Directories of sets of curves i.e. Buttocks, Waterlines etc. 水线纵剖线 Curv

14、e data i.e. coordinates and B-spline definitions of any curves任意曲线数据如坐标 Girths of any stored curves.任意曲线围长 Loftbook showing directories and user selected crossing points.光顺报告附加有比例、定位等输出控制。Setting Global Values设定坐标系原点Viewing Hullforms and Curves观察船型和曲线（2维或3维模式）观察窗口可以命名Editing Curves and Points编辑曲线和点P

15、refit（预设处理）可以设定曲线数据点。 (PACE曲面片和曲线编辑)可以处理一批曲线。Fairing光顺通常的光顺方法：用最少的数据，例如轮廓线、一些控制线及初始站线。加上hullform（船型定义模块）的一些限制。及结构线construction lines (CLINES)（折角线、切线）或多义线Pline（由结构线投影的正交线、一定切角产生的三维线用于检查光顺情况）。Creating Construction Lines创建结构线结构线通常由曲面片和三维曲线定义和处理而来。其功能主要用来进行如梁拱和类似的混合曲线定义。Analysing Curves分析曲线即计算和输出数据。Dist

16、orting Designs反向思维概念性错误检查设计方法One minus Prismatic Coefficient (1 - Cp).使用负的菱形系数（1 Cp） The Lackenby Method.缺陷方法 Or, Interactively by the user.交互方法例如，如果最大站面不在船中，使用缺陷方法Lackenby method可以移动最大站面到船中（提示此方法仅在半条船状态中使用。Creating Surface Patches创建曲面片对选择的曲线（形成曲线网格）定义为曲面片，进行曲面片和曲线的交互式处理。Decks甲板甲板可以用已有的梁拱和舷弧产生，也可以用参

17、数变量加以定义。如果Gunwhale（舷边和甲板的交点）必须先定义：其半径值及纵向范围应一起定义；并且为尾部变化段（Fade-in淡入）和首部变化段（Fade-out淡出）也要定义，定义统一的梁拱值或变化的梁拱值。过渡部分可以由任意的肋框之间按统一或变化进行处理。Plotting出图出图提供各种比例和模式供选择。Loftbook光顺报告可以输出全船或部分肋骨、站线或单根曲线的光顺数据报告，可以是80列或132列的格式或(CSV)限定格式。2 Managing Lines Designs线型光顺管理在初始设计模块管理中，线型数据按项目分类存储和管理。2.1 Project setup and s

18、election项目设置和选择进行新的设计需创建一个项目，打开一个设计要进行选择项目的操作。2.2 Opening an Existing Design打开一个已有的设计 FILE OPEN 打开选取即自动调入工作所需。2.3 Setting up a New Design设置一个新的设计在当前的项目中 FILE NEW创建一个新的设计，输入名称和说明。拾取后New button按钮，一个空的设计被建立，同时其具有由项目定义的缺省设计信息（主尺度要素，肋骨表，单位等）。 3 Major Tasks线型模块主要操作屏幕分为7个主区：: Pulldown menu bar下拉菜单 Tool bar

19、s (Floating Palettes)浮动工具条 Graphics windows图形窗 Curve/Hullform tree曲线/船型构造目录数 Status line状态条 Command and output window命令和输出窗 Points Buffer Window.数据点缓冲即时显示窗数据点缓冲即时显示窗Figure 3:3. View Settings Dialog.curves icons from the View toolbar.The commonly used orthogonal curves can be displayed from the View

20、toolbar. The display sections icon, display waterline icon, display buttock icon and display all icon perform the same function as the respective options on the View Settings dialog.3.2.1 Creating a New Design创建新的设计3.2.2 Importing Data Files输入数据文件边界曲线、折角线等各种相关2维或3维数据数据文件均可导入。而初始的站线定义文件由Britfair file

21、, Design file or HFD file.文件导入，参见技术参考部分。Importing a Boundary Curve输入边界曲线这是通常首先要做的，可以输入数据点也可以输入数据文件：输入数据文件要设定X轴（坐标类型、距离） User Parameters icon 选取 Data Set 页中的Distance按钮以便输入站线距离和数目 Figure 3:6. User Parameters Dialog - Data Set page.对于输入数据点产生边界曲线：则选取 拾取 Curve Points 页, 选取曲线类型如 Stern Profile后按 Import 输入（

22、如有文件可选取相应的DAT文件）.Figure 3:7. Create Curve Dialog.侧视, , 输入点, . 按点自动连线 .如下图Figure 3:8. Buttock View, displaying the Stern Profile.若接受则按此按钮, , 不接受按此按钮, Figure 3:9. Buttock View, displaying the fitted Stem Profile.FOB底平线 和 FOS边平线图例使用PACE曲面片和曲线编辑模块进行处理：处理底平线 边平线拉直部分Click picture to enlargeFigure 3:10. Pa

23、tch曲面片 and Curve Editor - FOB底平线 and FOS边平线.拉直按钮 .Figure 3:11. FOS边平线 after straightening of middle section.Figure 3:12. FOB底平线 after straightening of middle section.接受并更新, ,可以退出PACE曲面片和曲线编辑.Importing 3D Curves输入三维曲线对于输入边界曲线，折角线，最大水线必须由用户给定一个8个字符以内的名称。如果用户继续给如一定角度的折角线或切线命名，则此名称为6个字符原因是系统按类别对其进行管理。不同

24、类别的曲线可以同名，因为其保存在不同的目录中。Figure 3:13. Create Knuckle.示例为文件名为（横向）transom.dat, 创建类型为Knuckle （折角线）的曲线。Figure 3:14. Section View, displaying the fitted "transom" after editing the Points.如下示例为文件名为（最大水线）Topwl.dat , 创建类型为PLINE（多义线）的曲线。注意：从尾中心开始排序的第2点设定为折角，而第3点为切点。Figure 3:15. Waterline View, displ

25、aying the fitted "topwl" after editing the Points.Using Offset Data用型值表图标按钮 通过以下数据文件格式(britfair, HFD, Sfolds, Dump)导入。Figure 3:16. Use Design dialog用户还要对其目录和类型是否正确进行检查 .Figure 3:17. The Directory Dialog.Fitting Section Data站面数据的配置进行站面处理前通常要先处理边界线。Figure 3:18. Fairing Dialog.在插入正交线或对角线前要给定一

26、个范围，其可以是一个或多个站面，水线或纵剖线-根据要插入的线而定。选取 进入Fairing对话框，拾取Design（设计选项）- i选 Station （站）按钮到Data Set （数据设置页）指定 X（X轴值）OK确定.在设计初始或此阶段都可插入。Interpolating an Individual Section插入单独的站面在Fairing对话框中选取Get进行插入一个独立的站面操作。可以是站线、水线、纵剖线。选取适当的曲线类型，站面值输入到Position box后, 确定Apply. 这样如果设计数据存在，输入点即当前曲线This will get the set of poin

27、ts for section 1 from the design data (if they exist) which will now be the current curve.站面显示按钮 ，也可以在输入边界曲线Importing a Boundary Curve对话框中显示、预处理样条曲线。对于曲线的光顺：采用曲线的反向曲度半径加以显示。可以用一系列簇的方式或连续线方式显示 .Fitting a Range of Sections选取站的范围在Fairing对话框中选取 Fit 进行站面操作，选取适当的曲线类型Section, 可选All然后Accept 到 Fit 对话框中 Apply

28、. 3.3 Fairing the design光顺 .曲线光顺的基本操作手法: Removing and replacing points删除和更换点 Offsetting points偏移点 Moving points移动点 Inserting points插入点 Setting knuckle, tangent or ordinary points设定折角点或切点或一般点 Offsetting the vertices of the B-spline偏移B样条线的顶点 Inserting and removing knots插入和删除节点 Automatic fairing自动光顺 确定

29、光顺结果接受。3.3.1 Initial Fairing初步光顺 (PACE曲面片和曲线编辑), . 或PACE曲面片和曲线编辑 3.3.2 Traditional Method通常的做法Fit Waterlines or Buttocks or Both光顺水线或纵剖线或二者一起进行Fitting Waterlines光顺水线Fitting Buttocks光顺纵剖线Review Sections检查站线Add More Sections增加站面Cycle between Curves对曲线进行圆弧处理3.4 3D Curve Fairing三维曲线光顺原则：用最少的数据、线即可以控制船型也

30、可以光顺整船。而三维曲线定义是非常困难的。通常采用如下步骤：3.4.1 Create Clines创建结构线在已经有了纵剖、横剖等线后。要检查一下整个形状，通过交叉线检查其局部是否具有类似的形状，而这些曲线对同样的分类形状进行划分。通常在横剖面创建二维结构线来进行。We should now examine the design as a whole and identify ones on the surface where the orthogonal curves have similar shape and form and that could be classified as be

31、longing to the same "family" of curves. The appropriate view, normally section, should be selected and Clines (2D construction curves) should be created in these identified areas.二维结构线 ，Cline Curve type曲线类型为：平直Flat, 曲折Crank, or 抛物线Parabolic 可以输坐标值或用鼠标指针交互创建。曲线Curve 和折角线Knuckle结构线只能通过鼠标指针交互

32、输入。Figure 3:19. 2D Construction Dialog.如上示例 Curve 选取曲线类型后输入名称。鼠标指针Cursor 检查框和其他编辑框将变为灰色。在拾取创建Create 按钮后，鼠标指针将变为十字叉。状态条询问用户用鼠标指针在曲线上选点。右键结束.提示：在舭部为保持其形状，至少要保证通过3-5个点。Figure 3:20. Typical Fore Body Cline Arrangement；. Figure 3:21. Aft Body of Container Ship.3.4.2 Creating 3D Curves创建三维曲线Figure 3:22. 3

33、D Construction Dialog.三维结构线创建 对话框。缺省页面为插入Intersect 。默认状态为采用横剖Sections。通常三维结构线创建开始为多义线。可选Type select Pline.输入名称。可以输入限制如：到FOS边平线。然后确定Create 日后修改后，可以通过曲线目录树Curve Tree，选取重生成 Regenerate.3.4.3 Fit Original Sections原始站面配置原始剖面通常配置为仅对多义线进行检查。其对站线检查，而不对水线、纵剖及已接受的点检查。选取Fit 按钮将对选取的曲线进行光顺.另外折角线knuckle/tangent切线必

34、须先期进行光顺。用户也可以对定义的角度切出曲线按上述进行处置。这样，原始的站面线可以由更新的三维曲线进行重新配置。3.4.4 Fairing the Plines多义线光顺因为三维线光顺困难，所以将其投影为二维多义线，作为二维结构线。系统自动投影为两个方向由用户同时进行光顺。Selection of Projection Views投影线选择用户决定，但以下操作作为经验供参考：若想保持站线，选择向站线投影以便检查站线.如果想三维曲线X值增加，那么Y，值相应会增大或减少。要注意，该曲线光顺后可能不能正确连接。如果Y、值均增大或均减少。投影到水线和纵剖线进行观察。如果仅值增大或减少。可以投影到站线

35、和水线或水线和纵剖线进行观察。如果仅Y值增大或减少。可以投影到站线和纵剖线或水线和纵剖线进行观察。此方法是基于样条曲线及节点的操作，所以结构线的数据点并没有变化。Projection of Plines多义线投影Figure 3:23. 3D Construction Dialog - Project/Fair page.选择投影 Project/Fair 光顺页对话框。确保曲线类型Curve Type为多义线 Pline ，选择投影方向。其保存为三维曲线。一旦选择即插入。也可以在曲线目录树中右键选取3D Fair按钮。再选择投影观察方向如Section, Waterline. S, W or

36、 B to the 3D curve name.输入曲线名称进行投影。已有的曲线具有扩展名"M" 为合并的曲线。可选创建Create或保持Keep 。注意其名称的变化。Fairing the Clines结构线光顺Figure 3:24. Edit Dialog - Curve page.三种方法：调整顶点；增加或减少节点；自动光顺。Merging the Clines结构线合并在修改了一根或两根投影线后，系统将合并两根结构线产生三维曲线以替换原来的多义线。技巧提示：可以创建一个新的曲线（在老的名称后加M作为新的合并后的曲线）以避免替换原来得曲线。合并结构线显示光顺的主线，

37、用户可以查看从线。而后可以用DATA CURVE命令显示曲线的参数。3.4.5 Refit Original Sections修整原始站面可以反复光顺。3.4.6 Create Angle Curves创建一定角度的曲线After fairing the localised Plines, by projecting and merging, then refitting the sections, it may be necessary to introduce angle curves to give more control. The user can convert selected

38、Plines to Tangent curves, using the accept dialog, then create angle curves for the section to 3D curve intersection angles. These angle curves can then be faired and the section re-fitted.一定角度的曲线通常与折角线和切线有关。在二维结构线对话框中 2D Construction dialog 选取 Angle （一定角度的曲线），选取曲线类型为切线Tangent or Knuckle或折角线，在列表中选定。

39、然后在观察控制板中选择正交曲线方式(Section, Waterline, Buttock)站线，水线，纵剖线，按角度进行计算，选Automatic自动以Create产生曲线。该曲线为二维曲线：其曲线位置和角度配置和光顺按惯例处理。保存在结构线目录中，其名称依附于所属曲面曲线和排列。.对其更多的控制用“预制和控制操作”PREFIT /CENTRIPTAL option, 当然有些已有的控制曲线如折角线和切线不是由结构线创建。不在此列。若对已有的边界线创建“一定角度的曲线”例如对FOB底平线, FOS边平线。可以采用复制切线或折角线。在曲线目录树Curve Tree,右键然后选取Copy ，对话

40、框Copy Curve 显示 (see Figure 3:25.: Copy Curve Dialog.) 选取到切线，选取名称。Figure 3:25. Copy Curve Dialog.提示：在首尾部可以临界区通过PACE曲面片和曲线编辑设定精度如每0.1 metres 或 0.05 metres 拉平以便控制光顺。3.4.7 Refit Orthogonal Curves重新配置正交曲线使用辅助的“一定角度曲线”来设置折角线和切线，可以关闭当前的正交曲线：选取 以显示可选曲线对话框，从下拉列表中选择正交曲线或用范围Range 选择一批“一定角度曲线”。按Off 关闭Figure 3:2

41、6. Select Curves Dialog.Cycle循环可以反复操作，直到满意。3.5 Curve Editing using the Patch and Curve Editor (PACE曲面片和曲线编辑)3.5.1 Opening PACE曲面片和曲线编辑PACE曲面片和曲线编辑模块的操作： 从曲线目录树中选取要处理的曲线，右键后选PACE操作 直接从编辑菜单中选取按PACE , 用鼠标点选图形窗口中曲线（可多选）后，右键开始。 直接从标准工具条中选取按PACE , 给出结束当前活动曲线编辑。PACE曲面片和曲线编辑的好处在于，对局部的个别曲线、面操作。3.5.2 Control

42、of the Display显示的控制Click picture to enlargeFigure 3:27. The Patch曲面片 and Curve Editor.按通常可以对显示窗进行各种显示操作。 . . . , , Figure 3:28. The rubber-band oom box., . . . . Figure 3:29. Notional rotation axes. ,Other Display Controls其他的显示操作 Displaying and hiding curve entities显示和隐藏曲线实体Curve precision曲线的精度Curva

43、ture display曲率的显示Curve active regions活动曲线区Gridline display栅格显示Displaying Curves, Vertices and Data points显示曲线，顶点，数据点曲线列表Curves默认可视Visible ，另可选控制点、数据点、曲率、颜色可操作。Figure 3:30. Curves grid of the Data Bar.Table 3: 1. Column functions.Figure 3:31. Data Points column popup menu.Figure 3:32. Controlling the

44、 display of individual curves using the treeFigure 3:33. Controlling the display of a group of curves using the treeCurve Precision曲线精度 Figure 3:34. Set Curve Precision Dialog.Figure 3:35. Curve displayed at low resolution. Figure 3:36. Curve displayed at high resolutionCurvature Display曲率显示VDU.Figu

45、re 3:37. poor curvature distribution. 不好的光顺 Figure 3:38. good curvature distribution.好的光顺Figure 3:39. terrible curvature distribution.糟糕的光顺（近乎直线，应去除些点） . 控制曲度显示的大小比例Figure 3:40. Excessive scale used for curvature tufts.Figure 3:41. Sensible scale used for curvature tufts.Curve Active Regions and Spl

46、it Points活动曲线区和分离的点Gridline Display栅格线显示Figure 3:42. Gridlines displayFigure 3:43. Cursor position displayed in the Status Bar. , (or by selecting DISPLAY SHOW GRID).3.5.3 Curve Manipulation曲线处理曲线形状的改变通过以下方法: Editing via data points通过数据点编辑 Editing via vertices通过顶点编辑为避免混乱，技巧提示：注意固定曲线fitted curves和非固定

47、曲线non-fitted curves的处理: Manipulate fitted curves via data points only固定曲线通过数据点编辑 Manipulate non-fitted curves via control points only非固定曲线通过顶点编辑Figure 3:44. Correspondence between curve and data points set in the Curves GridFigure 3:45. Curves modified by data points (left) and control points (right

48、)更新或接受 .但没保存。Snap to Grid捕捉到栅格.Figure 3:46. Snap to grid control dialogLocked Axes缩定轴向（保持一个轴方向不变）Data Points and Control Points 这样相应数据值为灰色。不可变。Editing Fitted Curves编辑固定曲线所谓固定曲线即曲线通过数据点。.他们可能存在如下问题： Stochastic errors (noise) in the original data随机错误 Systematic errors in the original data (e.g. from a

49、 measuring process)系统或测量错误 Inability of the B-Spline representation to recreate the original curve geometry样条曲线无法重建几何曲线。 Unfairness of the original curve原始曲线不光顺。Figure 3:47. The different data point types.如上图，可以通过对点的适当控制处理。下表为数据点属性表 Data Points:Figure 3:48. Data Points grid of the Data Bar.Selecting

50、 and Dragging选择和拖动Figure 3:49. Dragging a single point.单点处理或按<Ctrl> 连选多点；或用鼠标窗口方式筐选；或按< Shift > 在同名曲线顺序连选多点Figure 3:50. A selection of multiple data points.Nudging with Arrow Keys箭头键盘操作偏移量设置 Figure 3:51. Set Arrow Key Nudge Sie dialog.Copying and Pasting Data Points数据点的复制和粘贴Combined Edit

51、ing Approach点编辑的三种方法：拖拉到栅格；用键盘箭头移动点精光顺；通过复制和粘贴通过图形窗和数据窗交互检查和操作是有效的工作方法。最好选用一组曲线同时进行可视操作，因为单个光顺是不行的。Figure 3:52. A group of curves and their curvature tufts.太多数目曲线会引起显示混乱。Removing Data Points删除数据点Figure 3:53. Curve points prior and after thinning. Graphically select one or more data points and press

52、<Delete>.图形直接选取删除 Select one or more rows in the Data Points grid. 通过数据表删除。Figure 3:54. Using the popup menu to remove data points.记住曲线数据点不得少于2个点。Controlling Tangency控制相切Figure 3:55. Using tangent controls to reduce the number of data points.通过数据点窗口 Data Points 控制Figure 3:56. The Point Type co

53、lumn's drop down list.相应的，在图形上选取数据点，按Tab键则循环7种操作:Figure 3:57. Cyclic sequence for the seven different data point types.注意曲线的端点必须为原始或相切类型Ordinary or Tangent 相切还可以在数据点表Data Points中加参数进行描述。如下图的角度和方向。pre , pre and pre Figure 3:58. Tangent angle definition.Adding data points增加数据点 When too many data p

54、oints have been permanently deleted数据点太少，要增加 A straight region needs to be made curved直线变曲线，要增加 方法一：图选曲线. 方法二：在数据点框中. . Figure 3:59. Inserting a data point into the closest region of the curve, having initially selected the curve itselfFigure 3:60. Inserting a sequence of data points, having initial

55、ly selected an existing data pointData Points . 数据点框Figure 3:61. Using the pop-up menu to insert a data point.Sorting data points排序数据点 Data Points (X, Y or ) 沿各轴向 升序Ascending or 降序Descending.Figure 3:62. Sorting pointsCreating Straight Line Segments创建直线段数学描述： Both data points are tangents (type Tang

56、ent) and their tangency controls are collinear. 两个同线段点相切。 Both data points are knuckles, and one or both either have no tangency controls on the side of the straight segment, or the tangency controls are collinear with the straight line through the two data points. 两个同线段点相折 If one data point is an end point of type Ordinary, and the other point corresponds to one of the above criteria, or is of type Tangent(auto). 一个同线段普通点和一个自动相切点Figure 3:63. Straight segments at the beginnings and ends of curvesFigure 3:64. Straight segments within curves Select a data point marking one end of the seg