规管架构坦桑尼亚无障碍交通的出路

1、A017REFERENCE SYSTEM PAVIP® FOR ACCESSIBLE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONStephan, KnechtManaging DirectorBones Inc.Zentralstrasse 68CH-8212 NeuhausenSwitzerlandTel +41-52-672 28 25Fax +41-52-672 28 24The purpose of the Swiss project PAVIP (Personal Assistent for Visually Impaired People) in public trans

2、portation is to enable the visually impaired to have a high degree of accessibility and independency in useing public transportation cars, but also to co-use the system for tourist purpose.The approach chosen is based on an easy-to-use electronic information system that enables the user to verify he

3、/she is waiting at the right place for a transportation vehicle, to verify the correct vehicle is approaching, to place an entry wish at the vehicle, to control the individual line stops and finally to place an exit wish and door opening command at the vehicle. The project is carried by the Swiss Fe

4、deration of the Blind and Visually Impaired, the Swiss national association for the blind, the Swiss engineering office Bones Inc., local public transportation provider and representers of the department of traffic.The system has been installed in 2009. The results show that the three main requireme

5、nts of the end users are a matched well: (1) Allow enough reaction time for end users upon arrival of a vehicle (early notification of at least 15 seconds), (2) information through multiple media (accoustic & vibration) and (3) simple and identical way of operation in different cities. For the p

6、ublic transportation provider, the three main requirements are reliability, seamless integration into vehicles and no interference with normal operations. Conclusions: It is possible to increase the accessibility of public transportation cars to a high level, even with limited efforts and ressources

7、. Main results achieved by now include: (1) Discreet operation of the system is crucial, in order not to distract vehicle drivers or other passengers. Furthermore, visually impaired users do not want to attract attention of others. (2) Data maintenance and update distribution must be fully automated

8、 in order to get acceptance of the system by public providers. (3) The system must be based on existing transmission standards, to favor the development of additional end user devices (PDAs, mobile phones) to interact with the system. For a successful installation of such a system, it is crucial tha

9、t the requirements of all involved parties, i.e., end users and public transportation providers, are reflected in the specifc solution. Furthermore, data maintenance and distribution must be automated as much as possible to prevent the system from being outdated, since, for the visually impaired, a

10、wrong information often is worse than no information at all.Topic Code: C.2Total words: 428規管架構：坦桑尼亞無障礙交通的出路Author: Oscar Kikoyo, Executive Secretary (坦桑尼亞)Surface and Marine Transport Consumer Consultative Council, P.O Box 14154 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Tel. +255 022 2127410, Fax: +255 022 2127411,

11、E-mail: 電話: +255 022 2127410, 傳真: +255 022 2127411, 電郵: 研究目的本論文概述坦桑尼亞未有規管的市場對無障礙交通及車費資負擔造成的障外。一直以來，主要城市如達累斯薩拉姆的交通工具，乃私營小巴。由於小巴載客量有限，市場出現供不應求的問題，繁忙時間情況尤為嚴重，於是，收費高昂而質素低劣的交通服務，應運而生。許多市民，特別是長者、婦女及殘疾人士，未能以合理價錢、甚或不能享用交通服務。有研究顯示，因為沒合適交通工具，以及車費過高，市區內逾半行程，均步行方式完成 Non Motorised Transport in African Cities (Le

12、ssons from Experience in Kenya and Tanzania) P.9 。規管機關成立後，與消費者委員會緊密合作，令有特別需要人士面對的問題，得到紓緩。消費者委員會倡議，推行無障礙交通系統及可負擔車費的計劃，並因應貧窮人士、長者及有特別需要團體的情況，改革政策。委員會一直強烈要求，車費降至國內貧窮人士及有特別需要人士可負擔的水平，讓他們能享用交通服務。經委員會多番努力，車支截至2009年3月7日，已下降百分之11。.研究方法首先，鼓勵社會明白享用可負擔的無障礙交通服務，乃屬基本權利，而非特權。委員會先後舉行會議，邀請相關人士出席，包括服務提供機構、乘客和傷殘人士。期間

13、，他們就無障礙交通服務以及面對的困題，分享意見，並提出解決方法。在2009年2月12日的會議上，各方達成共識：姆萬紮及多多馬內，公營三輪車為傷殘人士提供免費交通服務。三輪車原本會向傷殘人士收取車費。透過同類合作，我們亦與姆萬紮的服務提供機構達成協議：他們免費送白化病者到診所覆診或求醫。最後，我們向規管機構及政府，呈交改革政策的建議。結果或預期結果隨著車費下降百分之11.6，能夠以可負擔車支而享用無障礙交通服務的人數，理應上升。此外，方便乘客的現代巴士已投入市場。我們未達目標，但方向正確，進展順利。結論市場旨在謀利，而非提供服務，所以，政府部門及/或委員會，須為捍衛運輸服務使用者的權利而努力，確

14、保交通便利、車資合理。題目編碼A.5 印刷及分發此摘要的權利，在此予以准許。规管架构：坦桑尼亚无障碍交通的出路Author: Oscar Kikoyo, Executive Secretary (坦桑尼亚)Surface and Marine Transport Consumer Consultative Council, P.O Box 14154 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Tel. +255 022 2127410, Fax: +255 022 2127411, E-mail: 电话: +255 022 2127410, 传真: +255 022 2127411, 电

15、邮: 研究目的本论文概述坦桑尼亚未有规管的市场对无障碍交通及车费资负担造成的障外。一直以来，主要城市如达累斯萨拉姆的交通工具，乃私营小巴。由于小巴载客量有限，市场出现供不应求的问题，繁忙时间情况尤为严重，于是，收费高昂而质素低劣的交通服务，应运而生。许多市民，特别是长者、妇女及残疾人士，未能以合理价钱、甚或不能享用交通服务。有研究显示，因为没合适交通工具，以及车费过高，市区内逾半行程，均步行方式完成 Non Motorised Transport in African Cities (Lessons from Experience in Kenya and Tanzania) P.9 。规管机

16、关成立后，与消费者委员会紧密合作，令有特别需要人士面对的问题，得到纾缓。消费者委员会倡议，推行无障碍交通系统及可负担车费的计划，并因应贫穷人士、长者及有特别需要团体的情况，改革政策。委员会一直强烈要求，车费降至国内贫穷人士及有特别需要人士可负担的水平，让他们能享用交通服务。经委员会多番努力，车支截至2009年3月7日，已下降百分之11。.研究方法首先，鼓励社会明白享用可负担的无障碍交通服务，乃属基本权利，而非特权。委员会先后举行会议，邀请相关人士出席，包括服务提供机构、乘客和伤残人士。期间，他们就无障碍交通服务以及面对的困题，分享意见，并提出解决方法。在2009年2月12日的会议上，各方达成共识：姆万扎及多多马内，公营三轮车为伤残人士提供免费交通服务。三