一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题

1、般过去时与现在完成时区别专题现在完成时1. 现在完成时的构成现在完成时是由助动词have （has）+ 动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。2. 现在完成时的用法现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。We are good friends.（ 现在的情况）I knew him in 1997. （过去的动作）We have known each other since 1997.（现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）（ 1 ） 表示

2、动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、 already、 yet 等副词修饰。如：-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes, I have. I've just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）（ 2） 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for 和 since 等表示一段时间的状语。如： He has taught here since 1981他自 1981 年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）我有四年没见到她了。（ 3） 表示说话前发生过一次

3、或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语 “过 ”，常带有twice,ever,never,three times 等时间状语。如： I have been to Beijing twice. 我去过北京二次。3.现在完成时的时间状语（ 1 ） 现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago 等。 但是， 在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a. 用副词 already 和 yet。 already 一般用于肯定句中，yet 一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如： W

4、e have already finished our homework. 我们已完成作业了。They haven't finished their homework yet. 他们还没有完成作业。b.用ever和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示曾经”或从未等。如： -Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？-I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。c用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years 等。例

5、如： I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times the last few days.近几天他去过那里三次了。d. 用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning （month,year, term) 等。例如： -Have you met him today? -No, I haven't.今天你见过他吗？我没有。How many times have you been there this y

6、ear?今年你去过那里多少次？2） 现在完成时可以和带有since 或 for 等表示 “一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：years. 但是， 像 come,arrive,buy连用。要用，必须改为be （在）I haven't seen him for two等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延begin(start) -be oncome back be backfall ill(sick,asleep) bego out be output onwear 或 be onjoinbe in 或 be

7、 ago to school be a studentbuyhaveget to knowknowcome to work work 等续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive be heredie be deadleave be awayill(sick,asleep)get up be upfinish be overopen be openmember of close be closedborrow keepcatch(a cold) - have(a cold)begin to study study如： He has been a soldier for three years.

8、他参军三年了。His father has been dead for two years. 他父亲去世二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已开始十分钟了。We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。4.几点注意事项（ 1） have been（to） 与 have gone（ to） 的区别： have been（to） 表示 “去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone（to） 表示 “去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once

9、,never, several times 等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice. 他们去过北京两次。He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。（ 2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since 一词，也不必用完成时。如： It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years. 他父亲去世已有两年了。 3） 3） 终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如： I ha

10、ven't left here since 1997. 自从 1997 年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿 4） 表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时，用现在完成时，要加表示一段时间的时间状语时，常用for+一段时间，since+时间点。I have lived here since my childhood. 我从小就一直住在这里。I have lived here for 10 years. 我在这已经住了10 年了。 5） 在提问现在完成时的时间状语时通常用how longHow long have you lived here?注意：在表示某一行为状态持续多长时间时，根据终止时间的不

11、同，时态使 用是不一样的。如：去年夏天我在这里住了一周。到现在为止，我已经在这里住了一明年我会在这里住一周。I lived here for a week last summer.I have lived here for a week by now. 周。I will live here for a week next year.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。I have just been to London. I went th

12、ere last month.我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week , ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间 状语共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once ， before, already, recently lat

13、ely现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in pastyears, always,3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如 livecome, go, leave, start, die, finish, become,（强调看的动作发生过了。）（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）她已从巴黎回来了。她是昨天回来了。teach, learn, work, study, know.过去

14、时常用的非持续性动词有get married 等。举例：I saw this film yesterday.I have seen this film.了）Why did you get up so early?Who hasn't handed in his paper?She has returned from Paris.She returned yesterday.He has been in the League for three years.（在团内的状态可延续）He has been a League member for three years.（是团员的状态可持续）

15、He joined the League three years ago.（ 三年前入团，joined 为短暂 行为 ）句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960 ）时，不。能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.练习题1. A. 用 already 或 yet1) Have they taken down the old pictures _yet_?

16、No, not _haven t2) Most of us have finished our compositions 阿拉ready_3) He said he hadn t visited the exhibition yet_.B.用 since 或 for1) We have learned five lessons _sincethe beginning of this term.2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital _since_last week.3) I have stayed at my aunt s two weeks.C. 用 have go

17、ne 或 have been1) Where are the boy students ? They to the school factory.2) Is your father in ? No, he to Shenzhen. he ever therebefore ? Yes, he _ there several times3) He asked me if Ito Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I never to that city before.2. 选择填空1. Mothe

18、r me a new coat yesterday. I it on. It fits me well.A. had made have triedB. made have triedC. has made triedD. made tried2. “ He to draw horses already ” . “ When he ? ” “ Last year "A. learned hasB. learned didC. has learned hasD. has learned - did3. Tom up into the tree. Look, he high up the

19、re !A. has got isB. has climbed wasC. got -wasD. climbed is4. you the text yet ? Yes, we it two hours ago.A. Did copy didB. Have copied haveC. Have copied didD. Did copy had5. “ Why she angry ?” “ Because he at her just now .A. did get shoutedB. has got shoutedC. did - get has shoutedD. has got has

20、shouted6. you the film before ? Where you it ?A. Have seen - did see B. Did - see- did - watchC. Have - seen have seen D. Did seehave seen7. You me waiting for two hours. I for you since five.A. kept waitedB. have kept waitedC. kept have waitedD. have kept have waited8. Where John ? To the library.

21、He there for an hour.A. has been has gone B. has - gone has beenC. did go wentD. did be went9. the baby still ? No, it crying.A. Has - cried has stoppedB. Is crying , , stoppedC. Did - cry stoppedD. Is crying has stopped10. I the way. I here for quite many years.A. knew have livedC. knew - live C. k

22、now have lived D. know - live11. you ever America ? Yes, I have.A. Have gone toB. Have gone in C. Have been toD. Have been in12. My brother college for over three years.A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has been at13.He the Army by the end of 1989. He in the army since then.A. joined i

23、sB. has joined has beenC. had joined isD. had joinedhas been14. By the time I back they up ten satellites.A. came have sent B. came had sent C. come have sent D. had come - sent15. Jack over five lessons by seven o clock. Then he a rest.A. went - took B. went had taken C. had gone tookD. had gone had ta