时态是初中英语语法难点

1、初中英语时态考点:【考点1】一般现在时的用法考查概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month, once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构:be动词;行为动词否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。一般

2、现在时主要有如下几点用法:1、经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:It seldom snows in Suqian now.2、现在的特征或状态。例如:He loves sports.3、普遍真理,一般规律。例如:Light travels faster than sound./ Fish soon goes bad in hot weather.4、可以用来表示一个按规定,计划,安排或时刻表要发生的情况,一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语。通常用来表示学期什么时候要开学、结束;飞机、火车、汽车、船只等交通工具什么时候要到达,什么时候要离开等时刻表上已有安排的活动。动词一般限于少数几个,如:begin,

3、 start, stop, arrive, come, go, leave, return, open, close, be等。例如:My plane leaves at 11 a.m. tomorrow./ School begins the day after tomorrow.5、在if, when, as soon as, until, after, before等连接词引导的时间或条件状语从句中,从句中谓语动词要用一般现在时,主句要用将来时。例如:Turn off the light before you leave./ We will start as soon as you ar

4、e ready.关于一般现在时应注意以下几点:a. 在间接引语中,如果转述的是客观真理,一般规律,谚语俗语,一般现在时时态保持不变。例如:He said the earth is round.b. if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的情况;但if作为"是否"意思时,其引导的宾语从句如果表示将来的情况则用一般将来时。When作为"当、时候",引导状语从句时,从句用一般现在时表示将来的情况,如:When he comes, I will let you know;如果引导的是宾语从句,表示"什么时候",则将来的情况仍然用一般将来

5、时,如:I don't know when he will visit me.c. 一些时间副词如seldom, usually, sometimes, often, never, every day等既可以用于过去时,也可以用于一般现在时。要注意区分。例如:He often goes swimming. / He often went swimming in 1999.【中考链接】1. -Mum, _ shall we have lunch?-We will have it when your dad_.(2007年连云港A. when; returnsB. where; retur

6、nsC. where; will returnD. when; will return简析:A。when在后半句中表示"当、时候",状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来情况,根据后半句应该是问时间的,第一空用时间疑问词when.2. -Tomorrow will be Father's Day. What will you do for your father?- I will say "I love you, Daddy" as soon as he _ up. (2007年南通A. will wakeB. is wakingC. wakesD. w

7、oke简析:C。as soon as"一、就、",引导时间状语从句。从句中一般现在时表示将来的情况。3. Our teacher said light_ faster than sound. (2007年宿迁A. travelledB. has travelledC. is travellingD. travels简析:D。"光比声音传播速度快"是科学真理,在间接引语中一般现在时保持不变。4. -Let's go fishing if it _ this weekend.-But nobody knows if it_.(2006年扬州A. is

8、 fine, will rainB. will be fine, rainsC. is fine, rainsD. will be fine, will rain简析:A。前半句中if引导的是条件状语从句,从句用一般现在时表示将来;后半句if 的意思是"是否",引导宾语从句,周末下不下雨是未来的事情,用一般将来时。5. -Is your father a doctor?-Yes, he is. He_ in Town Hospital. (2006年武汉A. has workedB. had workedC. worksD. worked简析:C。一般现在时在此句中表示现在

9、的一种状态。即"爸爸现在在这所医院工作。"【考点2】现在进行时的用法考查概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.基本结构:am/is/are+doing否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。现在进行时主要有以下用法:1、表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。常见的时间状语:right now, at present, at the moment, now.常见的标志性动词如:look, listen等。例如:Someone is asking f

10、or you on the phone.2、表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。多有一个表示未来时间的状语。这种情况仅限于少量动词,如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, work, have, stay, play, return等。例如: -Tom, supper is ready. Come quickly. -OK. I'm coming.注意:表示状态和感觉的动词如果指现在情况的话,一般不用于进行时,而要用一般现在时。这样的动词有:love, like, hate, want, hope, need, wish, know, understan

11、d, remember, belong, hear, see, seem, have(有, sound(听起来, taste(尝起来等。【中考链接】1. -Where's your mother, Helen?-She_ the flowers in the garden. (2007年镇江A. watersB. wateredC. is wateringD. has watered简析:C。谈话中问妈妈现在在哪儿,可知妈妈正在花园里给花浇水。2. -Hurry up! It's time to leave. -OK, _.(2006年孝感A. I'm comingB.

12、 I'll comeC. I've comeD. I come简析:A。"I'm coming"意思是"我就来"。现在进行时表示最近按安排要进行的动作。3. -Shall we invite Tom to play football now?-Oh, no. He his clothes.(2006年泸州A. is washingB. washesC. has washedD. washed简析:A。上半句对方表示要现在邀请Tom踢足球,但另外一个人说不行,显然,他正在洗衣服现在脱不开身。【考点3】一般过去时的用法考查概念:过去某

13、个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month, in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本结构:be动词;行为动词否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。一般过去时主要有

14、以下用法:1、表示过去某时发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性动作。常见的时间状语有:yesterday, last night/week, a month ago/ ten years ago和具体的过去时间in 1990, in 2006等。例如:She often came to help me when I was in trouble.2、发生的时间不是很清楚,但实际上是过去发生的。例如:How nice to see you here! I thought you were out.要注意区分一般过去时和过去进行时。一般过去时表示过去发生的事情,侧重结果;而过去进行时只表示过去某段时间正在

15、进行的动作,而不涉及结果。例如:He was writing a letter last night.(不知道是否写完了/ He wrote a letter last night. (结果写完了【中考链接】1. Simon_ his fingers when he was cooking the dinner. (2007年盐城A. burntB. was burningC. has burntD. had burnt简析:A。burn此处为瞬间动词,表示"烫着","当他在做饭的时候,他烫着了手指",一般过去时在此处表示结果。2. - I'm

16、sorry you have missed the bus. It_ five minutes ago.- What a pity! (2006年徐州A. was leavingB. has leftC. leftD. leaves简析:C。根据"five minutes ago"可知是指过去的事情,且表示的是结果,用一般过去时。3. -Mr. Johnson, we have found your watch.-My watch!Thank you. Where_ it?(2006年绍兴A. do you findB. have you foundC. did you f

17、indD. were you finding简析:C。"发现"的动作为过去的事情,表示过去的结果,故用一般过去时。【考点4】过去进行时的用法考查概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构:was/were+doing否定形式:was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。过去进行时主要有以下用法:1、谈论过去的某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的事。例如:I was reading t

18、he newspaper at 6.30 this morning.2、当过去某一件事情发生时,另外一个动作正在进行。此时,延续性动词用过去进行时,瞬间动词用一般过去时。例如:The earthquake started while I was doing some shopping.3、可以表示从过去某个时候看来将要发生的事。例如:When his son arrived, the old man was dying.【中考链接】1. - I came to your home yesterday afternoon, but nobody was in.- Oh, we_ some sho

19、pping in the supermarket.(2007年南通A. have doneB. didC. were doingD. are doing简析:C。根据对话,可知在对方到他们家时,他们当时正在超市购物。2. -What do you think of the colour of my new dress?-Sorry, but what did you say? I_ about something else. (2007年扬州A. thinkB. thoughtC. am thinkingD. was thinking简析:D。第二个说话者没有听见对方说什么,可知对方说话时,此

20、人正在考虑别的事情。过去进行时表示一个动作发生时,另外一个动作正在进行。3. I my homework while my parents TV last night.(2006年南京A. did; have watchedB. was doing; were watchingC. had done; were watchingD. would do; were watching简析:B。做作业和看电视均为延续性动词,而且是在过去同时进行的两个动作,所以都用过去进行时。【考点5】现在完成时的用法考查概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

21、时间状语:recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc.基本结构:have/has + done否定形式:have/has + not +d one.一般疑问句:have或has。现在完成时主要有以下用法:1、谈论开始于过去某个时候而且持续到现在的一个动作。例如:Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born.2、谈论过去发生的动作,并且和现在存在联系。即过去的某个动作对现在产生影响。Eddie has eaten my food. (Eddie ate the food and now

22、Hobo has nothing to eat. 但是如果单纯谈一个过去的动作,不涉及它对现在的影响时,通常用一般过去时。现在完成时常见的时间状语有:for+一段时间;since+过去的某个时间;so far, yet, recently, over/in the last/past +一段时间;(once, twice, threetimes, never, ever, up to now, these days例如:I haven't seen him these days./ Have you ever seen each other before?现在完成时可以和带有since

23、或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。如:I haven't seen him for two years. 但是,像come,arrive,buy 等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用,必须改为“be(在”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换:arrivebe here begin(startbe ondie be dead come backbe backleave be away fall ill(sick,asleepbe ill(sick,asleepget upbe up go out

24、 be outfinish be over put on wear 或be onopen be open join be in或be a member ofclose be closed go to schoolbe a studentborrow keep buy havecatch(a cold have(a cold get to know knowbegin to studystudy come to workwork等如:He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。His father has been dead for two year

25、s.他父亲去世二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始学英语已三年了。【中考链接】1.-Hello,this is Lily speaking.Could I speak to Mr. Black?-Sorry.He_ the Xuanwu Lake Park.(2007年南京A. has been toB. went toC. has gone toD. will go to简析:C。说话者此时不在,说明此时已去了玄武湖公园,用现在完成时表

26、示到目前为止还在持续的动作。has been to表示已去过某个地方,而现在不在那个地方了。2. -Would you like to see the film with me?-I'm sorry I _it twice. (2007年北京A. seeB. will seeC. have seenD. am seeing简析:C。从twice可知说话者已看过这部电影两次了。表示到目前的结果,用现在完成时。3. In the past few years there great changes in my hometown.(2007年天津A. have beenB. wereC. h

27、ad beenD. are简析:A。over/in the last/past +一段时间为现在完成时的时间状语。4. -Kitty, will you go to see the film -Cold Mountain this evening?-No, I won't. I it already. (2006年南京A. sawB. have seenC. seeD. will see简析:B。用现在完成时表示过去的行为对现在造成影响。不去看电影的原因是因为已经看过了。【考点6】过去完成时的用法考查概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即

28、"过去的过去"。时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, mo nth,etc.基本结构:had + done.否定形式:had + not + done.一般疑问句:had放于句首。过去完成时表示过去某个行为或某件事发生之前就已经发生的动作或情况。例如:Hepburn had been a model before she became a Hollywood superstar. 【中考链接】 1. -Did you see Mr. Chen yesterday afternoon? -No. When I got to sc

29、hool, he_ already. （2006 年扬州） A. left B. has left C. was leaving D. had left 简析：D。到达学校为过去的动作，在这个行为发生之前陈老师已离开了。过去完成时 表示过去的过去。 【考点 7】将来时的用法考查 】 一般将来时： 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year,soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are/going

30、to + do；will/shall + do. 否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加 didn't，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：be 放于句首；will/shall 提到句首。 过去将来时： 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 时间状语：the next day(morning, year,the following month(week,etc. 基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should +

31、 not + do. 一般疑问句：was 或 were 放于句首；would/should 提到句首。 表示将来时态的结构很多。 主要有以下几类： 主要有以下几类： 1、 be going to do表示计划, 打算做某事， 例如：I'm going to visit my grandparents next Friday evening.也可以表示根据目前情况很 可能要发生的事。 例如：It's cloudy. It's going to rain. 2、一般现在时，可以用来表示一个按规定，计划，安排或时刻表要发生的情况，一般 都有一个表示未来时间的状语。例如：My

32、cousin finishes school next year. 3、 现在进行时可以表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。 例如： you going to Are the wetlands photo show next week? 4、一般将来时，will/ shall do.，在第一人称 I/ We 的句子中，可以用 shall 引导；各种 人称都可以用 will 表示一般将来时。 注意： 注意 1、时间，条件状语从句中，从句一般用一般现在时表示将来，而主句要用一般将来时。例 如：I will go shopping when I am free. 2、临时决定要做某事通常用一般将

33、来时。例如：-Tom is ill in hospital. -Oh, I'm sorry to hear that. I will go and see him. 3、 将来时态常见的时间状语有： 常见的时间状语： next Tuesday, next week, the coming Sunday, this afternoon, tomorrow, tonight 等。 几种常见时态的相互转换 ： 英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式： 6 一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换 在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，

34、 可用别的表达方式：瞬间动词用于"一段时间 + ago"的一般过去时的句型中；瞬间动词 可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；瞬间动词用于"It is + 一段时 间 + since + 一般过去时"的句型中，表示"自从以来有时间"的意思，主句一般用 it is 来代替 It has been;瞬间动词用于"Some time has passed since + 一般过去时"的句型中。 请 看： A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has bee

35、n in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League. 二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换 在一般现在时中，at 加上名词表示"处于某种状态"，如 at work（在工作）, at school（上 学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看： Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike i