主谓一致和就近就远原则.

1、主谓一致和就近就远原则就近一致原则也称 “邻近原则 ”“就近一致原则 ”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、 代词（有时不一定是主语）在 “人称、人数 ”上一致。一、在正式文体中：1. 由 下 列 词 语 连 接 的 并 列 主 语 ： “there be+ 句 型 ； or either.or;nor;neither.nor;whether.or;not.but;not only.but also等。Eg.(1) What he does or what he says does not concern me.他的行为或言谈与我无关。(2)Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没

2、错。(3)Not you but your father is to blame.不是你，而是你的父亲该受责备。(4)Not only you but (also) he is wrong.不仅你错了，他也错了。2.在倒装句中，谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。Eg.(1)In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.在远处，能听见鼓掌和人们的呼喊声。(2) There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。非正式文体中：有

3、时依 “就近 ”和 “意义 ”一致的原则；但语法上，“noone”才是主语，谓语要改成 “agrees。”“写作中 ”一般要依 “语法一致 ”原则。总结：英语就近原则短语1. There be句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk. =There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2. Neither.nor.Neither you nor he is right.=Neither he nor you are right.3. either.or.Either they or Jim is

4、going to Shanghai next Saturday.=Either Jim or they are going to Shanghai next Saturday.4. not only.but also.Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.=Not only Ann s parents butso sheal stays at home every Sunday.就远原则谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇： as well as;(together/along)with;Rather than;exc

5、ept;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from例子： He rather than I is right.Nobody but two students is in the classroom.主谓一致一、当主语后面与with,as well as,but,except,like,rather than,no lessthan,besides,including 等+名词或代词连用时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。1. The teacher,with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class,_visiting a

6、 museum when the earthquake struck.A.wasB.wereC.had beenD.would be2.A library with five thousand books_to the nation as a gift.A.is offeredB.has offeredC.are offeredD.have offered3.E-mail,aswellastelephone,_animportantpartindailycommunication.A.is playingB.have playedC.are playingD.play4.Nobody but

7、Jane_the secret.A.knowB.knowsC.have knownD.is known5.All but one_here just now.A.isB.wasC.has beenD.were二、当 either.or.;neither.nor.;not only.but also.等连接并列主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。6.Either you or the headmaster_the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.A.was handing outB.are to hand outC.are han

8、ding outD.is to hand out7.Not only I but also Jane and Mary_tired of having one examinationafter another.A.isB.areC.amD.be三、当“the only one of+复数名词 +定语从句 ”，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式，当“one of+复数名词 +定语从句 ”，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。8.He is the only one of the students who_a winner of scholars

9、hip forthree years.A.isB.areC.have beenD.has been9.She is one of the few girls who_in the kindergarten.A.is well paidB.are well paidC.is paying wellD.are paying well四、当 news,means,maths,plastics,physics等在形式上是复数概念，而在意义上是单数概念的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。10.Every possible means_to prevent the pollution,but the sk

10、y is still notclear.A.is usedB.are usedC.has been usedD.have been used五、当分数（百分数） +of+名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于 of 后面名词的数。11._of the land in that distrcit_covered with trees and glass.A.Two fifth;isB.Two fifth;areC.Two fifths;isD.Two fifths;are六、 the number of.(.的数目 )短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；当 a number of.(许多 .)短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。12.The number of people invited_fifty,but a number of them_absent for different reasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was