情态动词用法归类实例解析

1、3）The fire spread through the hotel（97 年全国 ）A. had to答案：very quickly but everyoneget out.B. wouldC. couldD. was able to山西古县一中英语组 高继英 042400 常见情态动词用法及考点归类实例解析情态动词的用法是英语语法中的一个重要组成部分，用来表示说话人对动作或状态的各 种观点和态度，可以表示能力、必要、猜测、意愿或怀疑等。情态动词有一定的意思，但不 完全， 需和一定的动词原形一起构成谓语， 它们在语义功能上经常出现相互交叉的现象。 而 且这几年随着高考改革越来越侧重于 “突

2、出语篇，强调应用，注重交际 ”，情态动词由于其本 身的功能作用，也就成了历年各地高考中的 “常客 ”。本文将结合高考例题，让同学们 “身临 其境 ”地来感悟情态动词的语义功能。一： can/could考例 1：1）What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he better.（08 年江西）A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done2）You don ' t have to know the name of the auth

3、or to fidn a book. You find the book by thetitle. （08 年湖南）D. wouldC. canA. mustB. need能够 ”， could 是 can 的过去时形式。如果 be able to。 can/could have done 可以表示过去本来I can swim across the river easily. But today I am so tired that I 考例 2：1）-Mum, I ' vebeen studying English since 8 o' clock.for a while?I

4、 go out-No, I ' mafraid not. Besides, it is raining outside now.（04 年辽宁 ） A. Can' t B. Wouldn ' t C. May notD. won' t2） A left-luggage office is a place where bags be left for a short a railwayA. should答案：station.（03 年全国 ）B. can C. mustD. will1) A 2) B 归纳： can 和 could 更加婉转而没有时态之分；不过在

5、表示许可的回答中之用都可以用来表示请求或许可，在疑问句中表示请求时，使用-Could/Can I use your dictionary for a while? -Yes, you can.考例 3：ros's itm. not able to swim acand play with Tomtime, especially atcould 比 can 语气can而不用could。例如：1）Peter be really difficult at times even though heA. shallB. shouldC. canD. must's a nice p年r辽O

6、宁in general.（081)C 2)C 3) D 归纳： can/could 可以用来表示一种泛指的能力，意思为 要表示特指某一次具体做某事的能力常用 有能力做某事。例如：2) 建)It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but itbe rather cold sometimes.(08 年福A. mustB. canC. shouldD. would3)The World Wide Web is sometimes jokinglybe every slow.(05 年浙江 )A. shouldB. mustC. will答案：call

7、ed the World Wide Wait because itD. can1)C 2) B 3)D归纳： can/could 用在肯定句中可以表示一中发生几率不大的可能性。例如：Some things in the home can be dangerous, especially if you have young children. 考例 4：1)2)be hungry already-you had lunch only two hours ago!(08A. wouldn 'tB. can ' t C. mustn ' tD. neednhave left

8、school, for her bike is still here.(08 年天津 ) tYouShe _A. can年浙江 ) tB. wouldn ' t C. shouldn ' t D. needn't in my bag. WhereI have pU07?年福建)B. mustC. should D. wouldMy MP4 player isnA. can 答案： 1) B 2) A 3) A 归纳： can 和 could 常用在疑问句和否定句中表示推测语气，意思为 情的推测时常用 can/could have done 形式。例如：3)可能 ”，如果

9、是表示对过去事The man can ' t be our new headmaster because he looks so young. He couldn ' t have finished the work when I metmhi just now. 考例 5：1) Mr. Smith is on time for everything. How ceremony.(01 年上海春 ) A. can B. should C. may2) How you say that you reallypart of the article.(03 年上海 )A. can B

10、. must C. need 答案：it be that he was late for the openingD. must understand the whole story if you have covered onlyD. may1) A 2) A归纳：can/could 都可以用在疑问句中来表示惊奇、 怀疑的语气， 此时二者没有时态区别， 不过 could 的语气比 can 婉转。例如：How could he so careless that he made the same mistake again? 此外， can/could 还经常用在下列短语中：can t help

11、doin情不自禁，忍不住 cannot help but do 不得不越好can tto再也不为过；越例如：'t help crying.At the news that they had won the final game, the players couldn I couldn ' t help but walk home when my bike was broken.You cannot be too careful when crossing the road.二: may/might考例 1:-I hear you ' vegot a set of val

12、uable Australian coins.-Yes, certainly. （02 年春 ）A. DoB. May答案:I have a look?C. WillD. ShouldB归纳:may/might 可以用在疑问句中表示求对方的许可。此时二者没有时态区分，不过使用 比 may 语气婉转。肯定回答时用-May-Yes,-No,考例 2:I watch TVyou may.you mustnmight1）2）AlthoughA. must-Where -You _thisismay，after I finish my否定回答时用 mustn '。例如:homework?t.so

13、undsimple task, great care is needed.（08 年四川 ） C. shallremember I put it place.（07 年江西 ）like aB. may my dictionary? _it in the wrongD. should here yesterday.A. must put-Are you going to the lecture-I ' mnot sure now. I A. mightB. would答案:1）B 2）D 3） A 归纳:may/might 可以用来表示推测语气，不过语气比较弱； may/might ha

14、ve done 的形式；may not 的意思为I may pay a visit to our former English teacher, but I ' mnot sure. 此外，may还可以用来表示祝愿语气，以及构成短语 may as well do:最好做例如:3）B. should have put C. tomorrow afternoon?go to Prof. Black ' cslass instead.（07 年北京 ）C. shouldmight put D. might have putD. must如果表示对过去事情的推测时要用可能不”比cann

15、ot（不可能）语气弱。例如:;不妨做。May you be happy forever!In my opinion, you may as well ask for his advice. 三: must考例 1:1）In crowded（07 年北京 ）A. can2）Tom, youplaces like airports and railway stations, you take care of your luggage.B. may leave all yourA. wouldn ' t B. mustn ' t3）-Must he come to sign this

16、-Yes, he .（06 年广东 ）A. needB. must答案:C. must clothes on theC. needn ' t paper himself?C. mayD. willfloor like this.（05 年全国 I）D. may notD. will1) C 2) B 3) B归纳：must 可以用来表示命令 ,禁止的意思， 语气强烈，常译为 “必须、一定 ”；.它的否定形式 mustn 't 译为 “不可、禁止；千万不要 ”。回答 must 的提问时，肯定意思可以用 must ，否定回答常用needn '或 don ' t ha

17、ve。例女0 :Must I return the book before tomorrow?-Yes, you must.-No, you needn ' t/ don ' t have to. 考例 2：1) -May I smoke here? -If you _ A. should, choose a seat in the smoking section.(06 年山东 ) B. couldD. must2) John, look atA. Must 答案：the time. _ B. CanC. mayyou play the piano at such a lat

18、e hour?(05 年全国川)C. MayD. Need1) D 2) A归纳：must 可以表示发生了与说话人愿望相反的事，常译为 “偏偏、偏要 ”。例如： Naturally, when I tell him what to do, he must go and do the opposite. 考例 3：1) The teacher have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnI suppose.(07 年安徽 ) A. shouldB. canC. would2) -Guess what! I have got A for my te

19、rm paper.'t have wasted time on him,D. must-Great! You read widely and put a lot of work into it.(07 年上海 )B. shouldC. must have D. should haveA. must 答案：1) D 2) C归纳：must 可以用在肯定句中表示推测语气，语气最为肯定，意思为一定，否定句和疑问句中用can/could 代替；0表示推过去事情的最肯定推测时用 must have done 形式。例0：You must have suffered a lot when you

20、traveled alone across the desert.四： shall考例 1：1) -Wh at ' s the name?-Khulaifi. I spell that for you?(06B. WouldC. Canis so dirty. we clean(03 年北京春 )B. Shall C. WouldA. Shall2) -The room-Of course.A. Will 答案： 1)A 2) B 归纳：年北京 ) D. Might it?D. Doshall 可以用在在疑问句中与第一、三人称连用，用来表示征求意见或请求指示。例如：”(07-We ne

21、ed a person very much to think up such an idea. -Shall the new engineer have a try?考例 2：1) -What does the sign over there read?-“No person smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area. 年四川 )A. will B. may C. shallD. must2) -excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a repor

22、t.-You have my computer if you don'take care of it. (04 年湖南 )A. shan't B. might notC. needn't D. shouldn t'答案：1)C 2)A归纳：shall 可以用在陈述句中与第二、三人称连用，表示给对方命令、警告或威胁的语气。例如：You shall never open the box without my permission.此外，shall还可以用来构成以 Let' s开头的反义疑问句。例如：Let 'hsave五： should考例 1：1)

23、 -I think I-You _rest, shall we?A. will B. may2) I often seen lights in that(04 年广西 )A. should B. may答案：'ll give Bob a ring.You have n t been in touch with him for ages.(06年江苏)C. have to D. shouldempty house. Do you think IC. willD. canreport it to the police?应当，应该”，表示一种义务上的责任，相当于 o1) D 2) A 归纳：

24、 should 可以用来表示劝告、建议，常译为 ught to。例如：You should spare time to pay a visit to your parents every week. 考例 2：1) -How's your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?-It be, but it is now heavily polluted.(07 年全国 )A. will B. wouldC. should D. must2) There be any difficulty about passing the road t

25、est since you have practiced a lotin the driving school.(05 年上海 )A. mustn 't B. shan't C. shouldn 't D. needn't 答案：1) C 2) C归纳：should可以表示按正常情况估计要发生的事，常译为按理应当”、估计”。例如:Your photo should be ready by 12 p.m. if things goes smoothly.考例 3：fired, your health care and other benefits will not

26、 be immediately cut off.(06 年湖北 )A. Would you be 答案：B. Should be youC. Could you beD. Might you beB归纳：在 if 引导的条件状语从句中表示对将来事情的虚拟时，可用should do ，should 不可省去，但可以省掉 if 而将 should 提前；同时在表示建议、请求、命令的动词或名词后的从句中以 及 important, necessary, strange，natural 等形容词后的从句中在谓语动词常用should do ，此时should 可以省略。It is necessary t

27、hat everyone in this school (should) learn a second language.He suggested that a doctor (should) be sent for at once. 考例 4：1） I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her there.（07 年陕西 ）A. could B. mustC. shouldD. would2） -I 'm sorry. I at you the other day.-Forget i

28、t. I was a bit out of control of myself.（08 年江苏 ） A. shouldn ' t shout C. mustn ' t shout答案：B. shouldn ' t have shouted D. mustn ' t have shouted1） C 2）B 归纳：should 与 have done 连用， 气，意思为本应该做The tree is dead. You should have watered it more often. 六： will/would 考例 1：表示与过去事实相反并含有明显的对他人或

29、自己抱怨或责备的语(而实际上却没有做) ”。例如：1） John promised his doctor he _not smoke, and he never smoked ever since. （08 年北京 ）A. might B. should C. could D. would2） -Mr. Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon. Don -Ok, I .（06 年重庆 ）A. won' tB. don' t C. will3） -Write to me when you get ho

30、me.-.（01 年春 ）A. I must B. I should 答案： 1） D 2）A 3）C 归纳： will/would 可以表示意志，意愿，常用来构成祈使句的反意疑问句。例如： I can let you look at the photo if you will wait a little longer. Let us have a rest, will you?'t you forget it!D. doC. I willD. I can考例 2：When he was there, he go to that coffee shop at the corner af

31、ter work every day.（96 年上海 ）A. would 答案：B. should C. had betterD. might总是，一惯 ”，would 表示过去的习惯；A 归纳： will 可以用来表示习惯性、规律性的动作，常译为 此时will的否定形式won' t常用来表示某事物发生了令人不愉快的事情。例如:Fish will die without water.The door won ' t open every time I hurry to get in.婉转。例如：how to get to the station? hand?此外， will/would 还可以用在疑问句中和第二人称连用，表示征求意见，二者没有时态之 分，不过使用 would 比 willWould you like to tell me Will you pleas