语法复习：非谓语动词

1、语法复习：非谓语动词撰稿：吴克险 审稿：白雪雁 责编：张敏1. 不定式作状语时常用句型动词不定式在句中可用来作目的、结果、原因状语，常用于下列句型中：(1)in order to do和so as to do（以便，为了）She decided to work harder in order (so as) to catch up with the others.她决心加紧学习，好赶上别人。(2)too to do（非常以致于不能）The boy is too young to join the army.这男孩太小参不了军。(3)enough to do（足以）The hall is big

2、 enough to hold 1,000 people.这厅大得足以容纳一千人。(4)only to do（不料，却）They left a rock only to drop it on their own feet.他们搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。(5)be+形容词+to do在这里不定式说明形容词所表示的情绪产生的原因。We are proud to be young people of new China.作为新中国的青年我们感到自豪。2. 动名词和不定式作主语和表语时的区别(如果一个动词加上了ing变成了名词，那么这个词称动名词。to+动词原形构成不定式。)动名词和不定式都可以用来作主

3、语和表语。一般来说，在表示抽象的一般的行为时，多用动名词；在表示具体某次动作，特别是将来的动作，多用不定式。但在Its no use (good), Its useless后常用动名词作主语。Its difficult for him to finish the job in a week.对他来说在一周内完成这个工作是困难的。Toms being late again made me angry.汤姆的再次迟到使我生气。Its no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。3. 动名词和现在分词作定语时的用法区别(定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。)

4、作定语时，现在分词表示它所修饰名词的动作，二者有逻辑上的主谓关系（可以改成句子），可以置于被修饰词之前或之后。动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途（可以改成for短语），二者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系，它一般只能置于被修饰词之前。4. 不定式和现在分词在作宾语补足语时的含义区别在feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch等动词后可以用不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语。用现在分词表示动作正在发生，即处于发生的过程中，还未结束；用不定式则表示动作的完整性和真实性。Do you hear someone knocking at the door?你听到有人正在敲门吗？

5、Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.是的，我听到他敲了三次。5. 不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别非谓语动词非谓语动词表示时间被修饰词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系不定式（to do）未来的动作主谓不定式被动式（to be done）未来被动的动作动宾（被动）现在分词（doing）正在发生的动作主谓现在分词被动式（being done）正在发生的被动动作主谓及物动词的过去分词（done）已完成的被动的动作动宾不及物动词的过去分词（done）已完成的主动的动作主谓 She had no place to live in. 她没有地方住了。 Do y

6、ou have any clothes to be washed? 你有要洗的衣服吗？6. 动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构指在动名词前加物主代词或名词所有格。物主代词或名词所有格表示动名词动作的发出者。His coming late made the teacher angry.他的迟到惹老师生气了。动名词的复合结构在句中作宾语时，物主代词或名词所有格可以变为人称代词的宾格或名词的普通格，但复合结构作主语时不作任何变化。 He entered the room without anyone noticing him. 没人注意到他进了屋子。 Li Mings smoking(不可用Li Mi

7、ng smoking) in the classroom surprised us. 我们惊讶李明在教室里抽烟。7. 动名词的时态与语态动名词的时态分为一般式和完成式两种形式。如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，则运用完成式；如果与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生，用一般式。Im sorry for not having kept my promise.我很抱歉没有遵守诺言。若动名词与其逻辑主语有被动关系，则运用被动语态形式。但有些动词后运用主动形式表达被动概念，除上述动词外，be worth后也跟动名词主动形式表达被动概念。He entered the room without being

8、 noticed.他进屋没有被人注意。练习1. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked2. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be puttingC. to putD. putting3. Theyre not very good, but we like _.A. anyway to

9、 play basketball with themB. to play basketball with them anywayC. to play with them basketball anywayD. with them to play basketball anyway4. He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information.A. hoped B. hopingC. to hope D. hope5. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the Un

10、ited States.A. Being founded B. It was foundedC. Founded D. Founding6. The _ boy was last seen _ near the East Lake.A. missing; playing B. missing; playC. missed; played D. missed; to play7. Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party.A. having not been invited B. not having invitedC. having not invite

11、dD. not having been invited8. _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. SleepingC. SleepD. Having slept9. _ rapidly by the body, sugar provides a quick energy source.A. Digested B. DigestingC. To digestD. Having digested10. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city.A. n

12、eeds repairing B. needing repairedC. needed repairingD. needing to be repaired11. _ their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.A. Improving B. To improveC. Improve D. Having improved12. I was afraid _ to my customers because I was afraid _ them.A. of talking back; to lose

13、 B. of talking back; of losingC. to talk back; to loseD. to talk back; of losing13. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _ the flowing of the smog around me.A. enjoy B. enjoyingC. enjoyed D. to enjoy14. Why are you looking pleased?Oh, Ive just had a job _.A. offered B. offeri

14、ngC. to offerD. being offered15. Whats the matter with you?_ the window, my finger was cut unexpectedly.A. Cleaning B. To cleanC. While cleaning D. While I was cleaning答案：15 BDBBC 610 ADAAD 1115 BDAAD1. B。本题考查动词find及非谓语动词作补足语的用法。find后可以接含有形容词、名词、-ing形式、过去分词或不定式to be的复合结构。find sb. doing sth.表示“发现某人正在

15、做某事”。2. D。 catch sb. doing为固定搭配，意思是“发现某人在做某事”。3. B。此题考查不定式作宾语的情况。like to do sth.“喜欢做”，因此B、C为选择对象，playbasketball不能分开，所以C错误。4. B。此题考查动词的现在分词作伴随状语的情况，也就是说，send和hope两个动作是同时发生的。5. C。此题考查分词作状语的用法。分词作状语，主要应注意它与主句的主语之间的关系：逻辑上为主谓关系，状语用现在分词：逻辑上为动宾关系，状语用过去分词。C项的founded既表示了Harvard的被动（被创建），又表示动作发生在过去（in 1636）。6.

16、 A。miss和boy之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，因此选用A、B两项，句子中出现了last这个副词，表示当时的一个情景，故用分词而不能用不定式，因此B项错误。7. D。此题考查动名词作介词的宾语的用法；而且，动名词的否定词not应该放在动名词之前。8. A。此题是不定式作目的状语，sleep late意为“睡懒觉”。9. A。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。本句的主语是sugar，它与digest之间是被动关系。10. D。needing to be repaired相当于needing repairing,在句中作定语。另外，require和want也有 类似的用法。11. B。不定式位于句首作状语，表达目的。12. D。be afraid to d