开放英语3学习笔记发送版-完型填空

1、英语(1)学习笔记-完型填空之前已经给大家发送了英语(1)学习笔记-交际用语部分和语法与结构部分，这次我们再学习完形填空部分。一、内容介绍l 完形填空部分主要考查语法、词汇知识及其运用，一般是一篇短文，10个小题，每题2分，共20分。l 从09年7月开始，完形填空部分所给选项从4个改为3个，难度有所降低。二、做题技巧完型填空考查的是综合语言能力，要求较高。它不同于单句填空，要求从单句理解水平提高到语篇的理解水平。也就是说，做完形填空题不但要有相当的语法、词汇知识及其运用能力，而且要具有一定的语篇分析能力，良好的语感和逻辑思维能力以及相对广泛的背景知识。很多人经常在这道题上失分较多。其实做好完形

2、填空并不难，每种考试都有一定的规律可循，掌握这些规律和技巧做题就能事半功倍。答题步骤和技巧如下：1、通读全文，掌握大意 做完形填空题，先不要忙着做下面的选择项，而应该迅速通读全文，忽略空白，掌握文章大意、文章结构和各部分的逻辑关系。只有通过对全文的阅读、思索和整体观察，才能根据上下文所提供的信息去做出推理判断，从而选出最佳答案。一定不要读一行填一空，要知道，四个选项中就文章某一句而言，可能二个三个甚至四个都是可选的，而就全文而言，只有一个是最佳的。【例】It was one of the most _ and tiring games I've ever had. In a way,

3、I think we both won the game. A. encouraging B. hopeless C. surprising D. regular 【解析】就本句而言，A、B、C、D 中四个形容词能用and 和tiring相连的有 B 、C 两个选项。但是根据最后一句In a way, I think we both won: I the game, 说明"我"最后赢了比赛。所以B选项hopeless是不合适的。 浏览全文时要重点了解文中所叙述的人物、时间、地点、事件，即who, when, where, what.而要了解全文大意，文章开头第一句是全文的窗

4、口，是解题指南，我们往往可以从第一句中判断文章的体裁，预测全文的主题思想。 2、瞻前顾后，逐句细读 通读完全文后，大致了解了短文大意和篇章结构，就可以开始以句子为单位仔细进行阅读，逐个填空。在具体选择中要注意以下几点： （1）根据选项的不同词义判断答案 有些完形填空题考的是对不同单词词义的辨别能力。【例】Then Ed first phoned and _ we play. Adeclared B. mentioned C. persuaded D. suggested 【解析】这句话讲的是“Ed 打电话提议/建议（suggest）和我进行打球比赛”。declare（申明）用词太大；menti

5、on（提到一件事/一个人） 和persuade （说服）在本句中用法不当，suggest we （should）play 是虚拟语气。所以答案为D。 （2） 根据社会及生活常识推断答案 有些题要根据常识来判断。完形填空本身考的是综合能力，文章本身蕴涵着各类相关知识。如果有丰富的社会生活常识，会使文章问题简单化，也是综合能力的一种体现。【例】His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although the family often _ about that, Ed refused to

6、buy a larger T-shirt or to lose weight. A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked 【解析】这一句讲Ed胖的肚子像气球一样突了出来，根据实际生活经验应该可以判断，家里人经常笑话（joke）他。但他还是不去买宽大（larger）的衬衣来掩盖突出的肚子；也不减肥以减小已经很大的肚子。care about something 表示“在意，关心”，是静态动词，不适合用often 来修饰。forget和本句逻辑不相符；quarrel与实际生活不相符。 （3） 根据上下文所提供的信息判断答案 完形填空题中，有许多前面的空白处选项

7、取决于上下文中提供的有关信息。【例】I laughed quietly, figuring on an _ victory. A. unforgettable B. unexpected C. easy D. early 【解析】本句中laugh quietly（暗暗窃喜）表示自己将处于有利位置，估计自己将轻易（easy）取胜（victory）。而unforgettable（忘记不了的）和unexpected（意想不到的） 与本句逻辑不相符；early 和本句意思无关。所以答案为C。 （4）根据上下文的逻辑推理判断答案 文章上下文的逻辑关系常常用一些连接词来表达：有表达并列对等关系的and，a

8、s well as等；有表达转折关系的but，yet，while，however等，有表达因果关系的so，therefore，as a result，because of，due to等。 【例】My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. _ , at the point in our game when I'd have predicted（预计）the score to be 9 to 1 in my favor, it was instead 7 to 9-and Ed was leading A.

9、After all B. As a result C. Above all D. At last 【解析】上文讲到Ed的体形发生了很大的变化，下文就要讲体形变化对这场球赛的影响, 所以用as a result（结果是）来引出体形变化的结果。而after all （毕竟），above all（最重要的是），at last（最后，终于）都与本句意思无关。 3、认真审读，仔细验证 填空完毕之后，一道必不可少的工作就是认真审读，验证答案。一篇残缺不全的短文经过修补之后，如果在意义、逻辑、联系、搭配等方面都能顺理成章，那么它就基本上恢复了本来面目了。如果发现不够顺畅的答案，凭语感重新考虑。 考试中是怎么

10、考的呢？一起来看看历年真题：1The ancient Olympic Games _ (_16_) _ a part of a religious festival in honor _ (_17_) _ Zeus, the father of the Greek gods and goddesses. The festival and the games _ (_18_) in Olympia, a religious sanctuary。In the ancient games, athletes received prizes worth large amounts of money.

11、In fact the word “athlete” is an ancient Greek word, _ (_19_) _ “one who competes _ (_20_) _ a prize”. The marathon was not an event of the ancient Olympic Games. The marathon is a modern event that was first _ (_21_) _ in the Olympic Games in 1896. It was _ (_22_) _ a village called Marathon _ (_23

12、_) _ the Persians _ (_24_) _ by a small Greek army. The news of the victory was brought to Athens by soldier, who ran the 26 miles from the village of Marathon to the capital. 26 miles was _ (_25_) _ adopted as the distance of the modern marathon race.（ 2009年7月真题）16. A. is B. were C. was 17. A. for

13、B. after C. of 18. A. are hold B. held C. were held 19. A. meaning B. mean C. meant 20. A. of B. for C. in 21. A. introduced B. introducing C. introduce 22. A. name for B. named after C. named of 23. A. that B. which C. where 24. A. were defeated B. defeats C. defeated 25. A. because B. furthermore

14、C. therefore 答案与分析：16. B。句中主语Olympic Games是指奥林匹克运动会，通常看作复数，并且文章通篇都用一般过去时，这里也不例外，所以谓语动词用were。17. C。in honor of是固定词组，表示“纪念”。18. C。句中主语（The festival and the games）是物，要用被动语态，同时和文章主体时态保持一致，这里也用一般过去时，因此答案为C。19. A。这里要用meaning，现在分词作定语修饰the word “athlete”，对单词意思进行解释。20. B。这里用介词for，表示目的，意思是“为奖金竞争”。21. A。这句话主语是

15、“The marathon”，物体作主语要用被动语态，因此正确答案为A，表示“引进”。22. B。这句话意思是“马拉松这项运动根据命名”，因此用name for“提名为，任命为”。23. C。这里需要填一个关系代词，根据句意可知修饰的是a village called Marathon，是一个地点所以用where，在从句中作地点状语。24. A。句中有被动语态的标志by，结合句意可知这里应该用被动语态，所以正确答案为A。25. C。根据句意可知这里是表结果，因此用therefore。because表原因；furthermore表递进。2There are advantag

16、es and disadvantages to 16 Asian and Western educational methods. For example, one advantage 17 the education in Japan is that students there learn much more math and science 18 American students. They also study more hours each day than Americans 19 . The study is difficult, but it 20 students for

17、a society that values discipline and self-control. There is, however, a disadvantage.Memorization is an important learning method in Japanese schools, 21 many students say that after an exam, they forget much of the information that they have memorized.The advantage to the education in North America

18、, 22 the other hand, is that students learn to think by themselves. The system prepares them for a society that values 23 ideas. There is, however, a disadvantage. When students graduate from high school, they haven't memorized 24 many basic rules and facts as students in other countries 25_.（20

19、08年1月、2008年7月真题）16. A. not only B. all C. both D. only17. A. for B. to C. in D. as18. A. to B. for C. than D. in19. A. have B. studying C. does D. do20. A. provides B. gets C. prepares D. does21. A. and B. yet C. not D. just22. A. at B. to C. on D. under23. A. good B. poor C. new D. old24. A. more B

20、. less C. good D. as25. A. have B. do C. haven't D. does答案与分析：16C。这里用both和后面的to构成词组，表示“和”，这句话的意思是“亚洲和西方教育方法都有优点和缺点”。17B。advantage后用介词to，表示“的优点”；前一句中也有同样用法。18C。句中“much more”通常用于比较级，表示“多得多”，由此可知这里要用than。19D。这句话的意思是“他们每天学习的时间也比美国学生多”，为了避免重复，这里省略“study each day”，只用助动词代替。句中使用的是一般现在时，且Americans是复数，因此用

21、do。20C。prepare.for.意思是“为某人准备某物”。这句话的意思是“学习很难，但学生们由此了解到社会注重纪律和自我控制”。21B。这句与前一句意思有转折，因此用yet。22C。on the other hand是固定词组，表示“另一方面”。23C。这句话是和之前的“教育系统”作比较，由此可以推断这里是说“有新的理念”，正确答案为C。24D。as many.as表示“和一样多”，表示同级比较。25A。这也是省略用法。根据句中时态以及students可知应该用助动词have。3Peter Blake is a successful businessman, but he (16) _

22、to be very poor. He had nowhere to live and (17) _ working in a pub when he (18) _ to start his own business. Peter had always (19) _ interested in plants and flowers, (20) _ he decided to set up a company (21) _ cared for the plants in big offices. At first he worked on his (22) _ but soon he took

23、(23) _ two people to help him. The company has been growing (24) _ for the last ten years. Peter is now very rich, (25) _ he complains that now he doesnt work with plants but with a computer every day! （2007年7月、2009年1月真题）16. A. would B. was C. used D. use17. A. did B. was C. been D. has been18. A. h

24、ad decided B. decided C. was deciding D. had decided19. A. was B. had C. being D. been20. A. so B. but C. since D. although21. A. who B. which C. whose D. 22. A. own B. self C. one D. himself23. A. up B. over C. on D. in24. A. B. up C. over D. into25. A. therefore B. so C. but D. moreover答案与分析：16Cus

25、e to意思是“曾经”，这里用一般过去时used。 17B强调过去某个时间的情况，用过去进行时，主语he是第三人称单数，因此用was，B是正确答案。 18B主语用了过去进行时，从句通常用一般过去时，因此这里用decided。 19Dbe interested in表示“对感兴趣”，这句话用的是过去完成时，因此这里填been。 20A这句话和前一句的因果关系，因此用连词so。but表转折；since表原因或时间；although表让步。21B这里要填的是关系代词，指代的是the company，并且在从句中作主语，因此用which。who指人，在从句中作主语；whose指人，在从句中作定语。 2

26、2Aon ones own意思是“独自”。 23C这里指雇用，用take on。take up“从事”；take over“接管”；take in“接受”。 24A这里的grow做不及物动词，后面不需要加宾语或介词，句子意思是“这个公司近十年来持续发展”。 25C根据句意可知这里应该用表转折的连词，因此用but。句子意思是“皮特现在富了，但是他抱怨说现在每天都要和电脑而不是植物一起工作”。therefore表结果；so也表结果；moreover表递进。4A study (16) _ that fitness is the key (17) _ long life, irrespective o

27、f body shape or even smoking habits. Researcher discovered that people (18) _ exercise live longer than those who do not, (19) _ they are overweight and smoke.The study found that the least fit of the 6000 middle-aged men in the study were five times (20) _ to die within six years of the start of th

28、e research than the fittest. This was true whether or not the men had heart problems, smoked, or (21) _ overweight. Scientists concluded that it was better to be fat and active than skinny and sedentary. Dr Ken Cooper, a fitness expert, said, “You are better off smoking a packet of cigarettes a day

29、and (22) _ regularly than being non-smoker and sedentary.” Although he adds, “But dont misunderstand me. I am not endorsing smoking. I am trying to tell you how dangerous it is to be sedentary.”(23) _, the study appears to fly in the face of research last year which concluded that more than 30000 pe

30、ople die prematurely every year in Britain from illness caused by being overweight.The Britain Government is putting pressure on manufacturers (24) _ high levels of sugar in food and to restrict the hard-sell of junk food to children in order to improve the nations health. But the new study suggests

31、 the Government (25) _ more people to exercise. （2007年1月真题）16. A. showing B. show C. has shown D. had shown17. A. to B. for C. of D. in18. A.-(不填) B. which C. whom D. who19. A. if B. unless C. even if D. because20. A. like B. likely C. less likely D. more likely21. A. was B. were C. is D. are22. A. to exercise B. exercising C. exercise D. exercised23. A. However B. So C. Although D. Furthermore24. A. reduce B. reducing C. to reduce D. reduced25. A. encouraged B. encouraging C. to encourag