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1、初中英语可数名词和不可数名词专讲一、名词: 名词是所有事物的名称,包括人、物及抽象概念。名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。 名词在句子中作主语,宾语或表语等。1. 专有名词 : 专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称。主要包括:人名、地名、国名、党派名 称等。如: Churchill(丘吉尔)、Tokyo(东京)、China(中国)等。 Guangzhou,Mike,UNESCO, 一般情况下第一个字母要大写,前面不加定冠词 the 。2普通名词 普通名词是某类人、事件、物体和抽象概念的名称。根据所指代物体的特征,普通名词又可分 为以下四类:个体名词 : 表示人或物体中可以数清的单个体

2、。如: student(学生)、pen(钢笔)、 bird (鸟)等。B集体名词 : (即集合名词)表示由个体组成的集合体。如: people(人民)、police(警察)、 family(家庭)、class等C物质名词 : 表示构成物体物质的不可数名词, 或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词。 如:water (水)、air(空气)、wood(木头)、milk(牛奶)等。D抽象名词 : 表示动作、 状态、品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。 如:work(工作)、peace (和平)、love(爱)等。一般来说,个体名词和集体名词多为可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。二、可数名词和不可数名词

3、。一 ) 不可数名词不可数名词意味着这些名词只能是单数, 没有复数形式, 不能与数目字如 one, two 等连用, 也 不能加不定冠词 a(n)。不可数名词没有单数、复数之分,但我们在生活中有时候又必需给这些 词计量,我们于是采用这种方法:a+表示这些东西的单位 +of+不可数名词如:a cup of tea,a box of milk,a piece of paper等。 如果为了表示多个的概念,我们就将 表示这些东西的单位变成复数即可。如:a cup of tea-3 cups of tea,a box of milk-12 boxes of milk,A piece of paper-

4、100 pieces of paper*需要注意的是,a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。 比较: Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数) These cakes are sweet.这 些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,可数。例如:This factory produces steel. (不可数)We need various steels. (可数)c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。例如: Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。 Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。2

5、) 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。 例如: four freedoms 四大自由the four modernizations 四个现代化注意事项: 1不可数名词没有复数变化,不能用 a,an,但可用 the ,或不用冠词,如: bread is the usual breakfast.2虽然不可数名词没有复数变化,但量词超过一时要加复数。如: three cups of coffee, fivebottles of water 3有量词修饰时注意名词是否可数,不可数时用单数,可数时用复数,如: ten bags of rice ten baskets of eggs二) 可数名词 : 一般

6、来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算, 称为可数名词。 可数名词有单数和复数两种 形式。例如: a book, two books, a student, three students, a family, many familie。s 名词单数变复数变化如下:1词尾直接加 s 如: cat-cats bag-bags daydays friend friends; cat cats; style styles;sport sports; piece pieces2以 s, x, sh, ch结尾的词加 es 如: class-classes match-matches box boxes

7、dish dishes 例: busbuses;fox foxes;matchmatches;flash flashe;s box boxes;watch watches; actress actresses ;class classes ;coach(长途车) coaches ;dress dresses ;sandwich sandwiches; toothbrush toothbrushes; waitress (女侍者) waitresses3以辅音加 y 结尾的词变 y 为 i, 加 es. 如: candy candies ;daisy(雏菊) daisies; fairy fai

8、rielsa;dy ladiess;tory storie sstrawberry strawberries; baby babies; puppy puppies; library libraries; dictionary dictionaries; cherry cherries; activity activities ,countrycountries,fly flies.元音加 y 结尾的词直接加 s, 如 : partyparties citycities storystories boy toysmonkey monkeys key keys holiday-holidays

9、等.4以 f 或 fe 结尾的词 , 变 f 或 fe 为 v, 加 es, 如 knife knives; life lives; leaf leaves; sca(围巾) scarves 口诀:树叶半数自己黄,妻子拿刀去杀牛;架后窜出一只狼,就像小偷逃命忙。解释: leaf(树叶) half(一半) self(自己) wife(妻子) knife(刀子) calf (小牛) shelf (架 子) wolf(狼) thief (小偷) life(生命)但是,也有例外。口诀:海湾农奴信酋长, 悬崖证据上顶房。 在这些词中,由单数变复数时, 直接在词尾加 -s构成,即:海湾(gulf - gu

10、lfs)农奴(serf - serfs) 信( belief -beliefs)酋长( chief - chiefs),悬崖( cliff -cliffs)证据( proof - proofs)上顶房(即 房顶、屋顶 roof - roofs)5以辅音加 o 结尾的词常加 es, 如: tomatoes, potatoes, heroes. 元音加 o 结尾直接加 S. 如 :radios, zoos, pianos. 特殊情况 : photos 以 -o 结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写词,就加 -es,否则加 -s 构成复数。 (有生命的加 es,无生命的加 s) 口诀:黑人和英雄吃土豆和

11、西红柿 negroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes反例: radioradios, piano piano(s 外来词); photo photos; zoo- zoos,bamboo-bamboos, kimono-kimonos部分单词的单复数同形 口诀:中日警察好友来聚会,鹿、羊、鱼、牛齐齐把家回。解释: Chinese, Japanese ,police,people, deer, sheep, fish , cattle 但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a met

12、er, two meters。 在英语名词复数中,表示(某)国人的名词复数有些加 S,有些又不加,学生常常会出错。这 里有一条顺口溜就能帮助学生解决这一问题。口诀:它是:“中日瑞不变,英法都要变,其他国人加 S。如 Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, Swiss-Swiss Englishman- Englishmen, American-Americans German-Germans. 极少数单词,其复数形式没有任何规律。口诀:男士、女士 a变 e; 鹅牙脚双 o 变双 e; 孩子们想去天安门, 原形后面 r、 e 、n; 老 鼠虱子本爱牛, mouse

13、, louse和 ox.解释: goose-geese; mouse-mice; foot-feet. man-men; woman-women; tooth-teeth; foot-feet, child-children , louse-lice,ox-oxen另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多例 clothes; shoes (鞋子)、sunglasses 太( 阳镜)、shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears 大剪刀 trousers长裤; wages工资I初写出下例名词的复数形式1、monkey_monkeys_ 2、boy_boys、3

14、duck _ducks_4、house_houses_、 5bus buses_、6 lady_ladies_7、sheep _sheep_ 、8 deer _deer、9 child_children_10、foot _feet_11、 tomato_tomatoes_ 12、 roof _roofs13、desk_desks1、4 windowwindows_ 15、pencil_pencils_16、dish _dishes1、7 film _films 18、day _days_19、plane _planes_2、0 month _months_ 21、 inch _inches_2

15、2、village_villages_ 23、city _cities24、 familyfamilies_25、knife _knives26、 people _people_ 27、 man _men28、thief _thieves29、 chinese_chinese_ 3、0 glass _glassesII. 选择填空:1The deer has four . A. footB. feet C. feets D. foots2Her two brothers are both .A. policemanB. policemans C. policemen D. policemens

16、3There are four and two in the group.A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans4Two would come to the village.A. woman-doctorsB. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors5Can you see nine in the picture A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse6The _ has two . A. boys, watches B. boy,

17、watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch7The boy often brushes his before he goes to bed.A. toothB. toothsC. teethD. teeths8The Japanese will not leave China until she finishes her study.A. womanB. women C. man D. men9There are lots of _ in the basket on the table. A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. to

18、matoss10. The cat caught two last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices参考答案: KEYS:B C C C A C C A C BIII. 用所给名词的适当形式填空。1. How many(sheep) are there on the hill2. There is some(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of(water) in the bottle.5. There are five(peo

19、ple ) in his family.6. Let's take(photo), OK7. I have lots of(tomato) here.8. The(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.9. The(child) are playing games on the playground now.10. Their(dictionary) look new.11. I see you have a few white(hair).12. They are(woman) doctors.13. Can you give me some bottles o

20、f (orange), please14. There are many(fox) in the picture.15. I would like some apple(juice). I am very thirsty.参考答案:1. sheep 2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves 9.children 10. dictionaries 11. hair, hairs 12. women 13. orange 14. foxes 15. Juice How many和 how much 的用法

21、 这两个字虽然都是,很多的意思,但 many 后面是接可数名词,而 much 后面是接不可数名词 一、所修饰词的不同how many 用来修饰可数名词的复数,它的句式是 :How many+复数名词 +一般疑问句how much 用来修饰不可数名词,表示数量,也可单独使用。二、 how many 的用法1. 对 there be 句型中主语的数量如 :some, five, only one等提问时 ,如果主语是可数名 词,不管主 语是单数还是复数一般都用复数形式提问 ,因为问话人不知道具体的数量是多 少,而且 many 只 能接可数名词复数形式 ,所以 be一定要用 are. 即用 How

22、many+可数名词复数 +are there+地点/ 时间状语的句型结构 .例如:( 1) There is a book on the desk. 用( how many改为特殊疑问句 ) How many books are there on the desk(2)There are seven days in a week.对 ( 划线部分进行提问 ) How many days are there in a week 记忆口诀 how many 在句首 ,名词复数跟着走 ,一般问句紧相随 ,其它成分不要丢 .2. how much 的用法(1)用来询问事物的数量,后接不可数名词。例如:

23、 How much milk is there in the glass玻璃杯里有多少牛奶( 2)用来询问事物的重量。例如: How much does the pig weigh这头猪多重 Eighty kilos. 八十公斤。( 3) how much 意为“多少钱”时,可单独使用,也可构成词组 how much money,但英 语 中常省略 money,用来询问某物的价钱、价格。(注意: how much 询问价格时,它的回答若是中国的货币单位应采用汉语拼音yuan,fen 来表示,几角常采用几十分来表示, 字母用小写, 且不用复数。例如:How much is the eraser这

24、块橡皮擦多少钱 Ninety two fen.九角二分。( 4)用来询问数字计算的结果,相当于 what。例如:How much is three plus one三加一等于多少It''''s four.等于四。3、some 和 any 的区别some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句和疑问句 2. some 可用于征求意见的句型 :Would you like some bread Why not. What abut. Could you .I初写出下例名词的复数形式1、monkey _ 2、 boy 3、 duck _ _ _4、house 、 5bus

25、_6、 lady7、sheep _ _ 8、deer 9、 child_10、foot _ 11、 tomato_ 12、roof _13、desk_ _1、4 window _ 15、pencil_ 16、dish _ _17、 film _ _18、 day _19、plane _ 20、 month _ 21、inch 22、village _ 23、city 24、 family25、knife _26、 people _ 27、man 28、thief _ 29、 chinese _30、 glass II.选择填空:1The deer has four . A. foot B. f

26、eet C. feets D. foots2Her two brothers are both .A. policemanB. policemans C. policemen D. policemens3There are four and two in the group.A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans4Two would come to the village.A. woman-doctorsB. women doctorC. women doctorsD. woman doctors5Can yo

27、u see nine in the picture A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse6The _ has two . A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch7The boy often brushes his before he goes to bed.A. toothB. tooths C. teeth D. teeths8The Japanese will not leave China until she finishes her study.A. womanB. women

28、 C. man D. men9There are lots of _ in the basket on the table. A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss10. The cat caught two last night. A. mousesB. mice C. mouseD. micesIII. 用所给名词的适当形式填空。1. How many(sheep) are there on the hill2. There is some(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two(tooth

29、) now.4. There is a lot of(water) in the bottle.5. There are five(people ) in his family.6. Let's take(photo), OK7. I have lots of(tomato) here.8. The(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.9. The(child) are playing games on the playground now.10. Their(dictionary) look new.11. I see you have a few white

30、(hair).12. They are(woman) doctors.13. Can you give me some bottles of (orange), please14. There are many(fox) in the picture.15. I would like some apple(juice). I am very thirsty.how many 和 how much、 some/any 练习题一 some, any 填空:1. I don' htave milk. 2. There is water in the glass.3. Do they have

31、 friends in China 4 . I want to buy vegetables.5. How about ideas二 用 many,much 填空: is that skirt 2. How people are there in your family3. How rice do you need 4. I have toys in my house.5. How bread is there in the box三 句型转化:(注意 some 的转变)1. I have some books .否( 定句,一般疑问句,及回答 )2. There are some knive

32、s in the pencil-box.同 ( 上 )3. She has some rulers in the desk. 同( 上 )4. There are two bottles of milk in the frige.( 对划线部分进行提问 )5. I would like five boxes of erasers.同( 上 )四 单选:1. We don't have water in the pool. A. any B. little C. some2. -How about rice -Thank you. A. some B. any C. many3. -Do you have vegetables -Here they . A. any, are B, some , is C. any

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