2020届中考英语语法专练：介词讲解及配套真题专练

1、精品文档1232020届中考语法专练之介词讲解及配套真题专练一、介词的种类1）根据结构分类简单介词：即由一个词构成的单一介词。如： for, at, in, on, of, to等。复合介词：即由两个词组合在一起的介词，也称合成介词。如： without, inside, outside, into, within短语介词：即由短语构成的介词。如：because of, according to , thanks to等。2）根据意义分类表示地点的介词：at, behind, beside, around, near, on, by, in front of , across等。表示时间的介词

2、：about, at, after, before, by, during, in, over, past, since, until等。表示原因的介词：for, with , from等。表示手段和方式的介词：by, in, with等。表示“除去"的介词： but, except, besides等。表示其他含义的介词：about （关于，大约），on （关于）,without （没有），off （从离开），instead of （代替）,with （和）等。二、.介词短语的功能介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语。介词短语可以在句子中作下列成分：1）作表语：She looks lik

3、e an actress.她看上去像演员。What' s the book about?这本书是讲什么的？2）作宾语补足语：A cold kept him in bed for a week. 感冒使他卧床一周。I found my mother on the bus.我发现我妈妈在公交车上。3）作状语：I will wait for you until tomorrow.我等你至 U 明天。The teacher came into the classroom with a smile on her face.那位老师面带笑容进了教室。4）作定语：A friend in need i

4、s a friend indeed. 患难见真情。三、中考经常考查的几组介词的用法1）时间介词：at/ in/ on表示具体的时间点（几点钟）前面用介词at。I usually get up at six in the morning. 我通常在早上六点起床。一、/注息：at dinner time 在（吃）晚饭时 at night 在夜间 at weekends / the weekend 在周末 表示在特定的日子、某月某日、星期几、节日等时间的前面，或者某一天的早上、下午、晚上的前面用介词on。We can play football on Sunday.我们可以在星期天踢足球。They

5、came to my house on a cold winter morning.他们在一个寒冷的早晨来到了我家。表示较长的一段时间段的名词或短语前经常用in,如在早上、下午、晚上；在某月某年等。I was born in May.我出生在五月。They came here in 1998. 他们在1998年来这里的。What are you going to do in the winter holiday?寒假你打算做什么?一、/汪后：表示上午、下午或晚上的名词前一般用介词in,但是具体到某一天的上午、下午或晚上用介词 on。 in the morning 在上午 on Monday m

6、orning 在星期的上午2）时间介词：for, sincefor和since引导时间状语都有延续之意。for +时间段表示“（延续）之久"。since +时间点表示从过去某时延续到现在的一段时间。They have lived in China for ten years. 他们在北京住了 十年了。She has worked here since last year.从去年起她就在这里工作。3）时间介词：in, afterin+时间段表示从现在算起一段时间以后，一般用于将来时；after+时间段表示从过去算起一段时间后，一般用于过去时。另外after后也可以接具体时间用于将来时。

7、He' ll be back in three hours.他三小时后回来。He came back after three hours. 三小时后，他回来了。He' ll be back after 3 o' clock.他三点后会回来。4）方位介词：at, in, on, to表示在某一点的位置或者具体的位置用at。We will have a picnic at the foot of mountain.我们在山脚下举行野餐。表示在某一个范围之内的方位用介词in。Shandong lies in the east of China.山东省在中国的东部。（山东省在中

8、国范围之内）表示在某一个范围之外的方位用介词to。Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中国的东部。（日本在中国范围之外）表示两者相互接触，强调在同一条线或者同一个平面上用介词on。Shandong lies on the north of Jiangsu.山东省在江苏省的北部。（两省接壤）5） 地点介词：in/on / under/ above / over/ below 表示一个物体在另一个物体的上面用介词on。There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。（书在课桌表面上） 表示一个物体在另一个物体的里面用介词in。There a

9、re some dumplings in the bowl.碗里有一些水饺。（水饺在碗里面） 表示一个物体在另一个物体的下方，用介词 under。（一般为正下方）地方的辅导精品文档123There is a ball under the chair.椅子下面有一个球。（球在椅子的下面）below意思是“在之下”，所指范围较宽，不一定在某物的正下方。From the plane, we could see the whole town below us.从飞机上我们可以看到下面城镇的全貌。表示一个物体在另一个物体的上方，并非有“垂直之上”的含义，用介词above,其反义词为 below。His

10、room is above ours.他的房间在我们的上面。表示一个物体在另一个物体的正上方用介词over,有时有“覆盖；越过”之意。His room is over ours.他的房间就是我们头上的那间。There is a big bridge over the river. 河上有一座大桥。（桥在河的上面）6）方位介词 between, amongbetween是表示在两者之间；among表示在三者或者三者以上之间。It' s a secret between you and I.这是我和你之间的秘密。There is a village among the trees.在树林里

11、面有个小村庄。7）表示工具、手段、材料的 in, by, within可以和表示某种语言的名词连用表示“用某种语言”；也可以表示用某种工具或者材料的意思。Can you answer my question in English ?你能用英语回答我的问题吗？Don' t write in pencil. Please write in ink.不要用铅笔写，请用墨水写。by指使用的方法和手段，by和表示交通工具的名词连用时，中间不用冠词。My father often goes to work by bus.我爸爸经常乘坐公共汽车去上班。He made a living by sell

12、ing newspapers.他靠卖报为生。with表示“借助于某种具体的工具或身体部位”。例如：We write with our hands.我们用手写字。I cut the cake with a knife.我用刀子切开了蛋糕。8）方位介词 across, through, past表示从某一个物体的表面横过、穿过用介词across;从某一个物体的里面或者一定范围内穿过、横过用介词through;从旁边经过用past。They swam across the river. 他们游过了 河。The boys go through the forest quickly.这些男孩子快速地穿过

13、树林。They drove past a big supermarket.他们开车经过一家大超市。9） except, besidesexcept表示“除之外”其后的宾语是被排除在整体之外的。besides表示“除之外”，地方的辅导精品文档123其后的宾语是被包括在整体之内的。All the students took part in the sports meeting except Tom.除了汤姆以外，其他的同学都参加了运动会。（汤姆没有参加）We need three more boys besides Tom.除了汤姆以外，我们还需要三个男同学。（我们也需要汤姆）真题链接：1 .th

14、e help of modern technology, scientists got a photo of a black hole. （2019. 江苏 淮安）A. AtB. InC. OnD. With2 . We planted some flowers-the garden yesterday. （2019.北京）A. onB. toC. inD. of3 .- Is that your headmaster? （2019 福建）-You meanthe man blue?A.onB.withC. in4 . Most of the villagers took part in th

15、e Dragon Boat races9:00 a. m. the morningof June 7. （2019甘肃天水）A. at; inB. on ; onC. on ; inD. at ;on5.I want to learn a second foreign language English. （2019 甘肃天水 ）A.except B.beside C.besides D.exceptfor6.I'm going out. I'll be back an hour. （2019 甘肃敦煌）A.atB. onC. inD. from1.1 think tea wil

16、l taste better some milk in it. （2019 广东）A. for B. withC. fromD. at8. （1 分）My brother joined the army September last year . （ 2019 广西百色 ）A. on B. byC. at D. in9. Is Mr Green at school ?Sorry, I don't know . But you can call him340- 5261. （2019 广西贵港）A. in B. With C. by D. at10. -When is your birt

17、hday, Li Fang? （2019 广西 柳州）-It's July 26.A. onB. toC. in11. Chinese government sent two pandas, Ruyi and Dingding, to Russia several days ago.The relationship China Russia will be closer than before, I think. （2019 广西玉林）A. both; and B. not only; but also C. either; or D. between; and12. 一Now Chi

18、na was set up in 1949. Every Chinese knows her 70th birthday is October 1,2019. （2019 广西玉林）A. in B. atC. onD. by13. It's very importantus to make a plan before a new term begins.（2019贵州黔南州）A. of B. With C. By D. for14. It's time class .Lets go into the classroom .OK. （2019 海南）A. for B. of C.

19、 in15. This story is simple English. My little sister can read it. （2019 河北）A. forB. inC. withD. by16. Shall I help you the street, Grandpa? （2019 河南） No, thanks. I can manage it myself.A. on B. with C. across D. along17. When will the movie The King Lion可干子王return to movie theatresin America?July.A

20、. OnB. AtC. In18. Light comes in the window. （2019 黑龙江绥化）A. across B. cross C. through19. He wrote his phone number a piece ofpaper.（20193胡d匕武汉）A. onB. for C. inD. from20. To my great joy, my family is always me whatever I decide to do. （2019湖北孝感）A. behindB. toC. fromD. against21. Yesterday our head

21、master made a speech environmental protection, and we learnedsomething about recycling of waste. （ 2019 湖南长沙）A . on B . at C. to22. We will attend the junior high graduation ceremony June 21st, 2019. （2019 湖南郴州）A. inB. atC. on23. -Excuse me. Where is the nearest bookstore? （2019 吉林）-GoCenter Street

22、and you' ll find it.A. ForB. alongC. with24. It' s been 100 years since the May Fourth Movement took place May 4, 1919.（2019南通江苏）A. forB. inC. atD. on25. Beijing Expo 2019 opened to the public 29th April. It will last over five months.（2019江苏宿迁）A. atB. inC. onD. of26. Ladies and Gentlemen, w

23、elcome to Beijing! And if you need any help, please call me 010-5558 6390. （2019 江苏泰州）A. atB. onC. withD. by27. Let' s take a walk the river after diner, shall we? （2019 江苏无锡）A. alongB. throughC. uponD. over28. Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily the windows. （2019呼和浩特

24、）A. againstB. acrossC. aboveD. below29. In the world, more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water about570 million children. （2019 山东临沂）A. withB. forC. towards30. - I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey. （2019 山东滨州）-You shouldn ' t watch TV too much. It ' s

25、bad your eyes.A. onB. inC. forD. with31. A marathon was held in Yancheng 21st April, which drew 12,000 runners. （2019江苏盐城）A. onB. inC. atD. by32. Facial recognition（人脸识另 U）technology is widely used for payment., we needn 't enter the passwords any more. （2019 江苏扬州）A. For example B. As a result C

26、. What' s worse D. What' s more33. -Su Bingtian is the winner of the IAAF World Indoor Tour（国际田联室内巡回赛）-. He is a talented runner. （2019 辽宁抚顺 ）A. Without doubt C. Once in a while B. For exampleD. All of a sudden34. Shall we stop and wait for others? （2019 辽宁本溪）Sounds good. I think they will c

27、atch up a few minutes.A. during B. afterC for D in35. Could you tell me how I can improve my English? （2019 辽宁本溪）Sure., you could speak it as much as possible.A. After all B. In the end C. By the way D. First of all36. We are going to have a party the evening of June 30th. （ 2019 辽宁省葫芦岛）A . onB . in

28、C. atD. for37. As students, we must study hard . , we should care for our health . （2019 辽宁省葫 芦岛 ）A . At the same timeB . On the one handC. All in allD. In the end38. Humans can not make progress A dreams. （ 2019 辽宁铁岭）A.with B.without C.through D.about1. .I will go around the city of Dalian by light rail vehicle （