独立主格结构常见类型及其用法默认分类 2010

1、独立主格结构常见类型及其用法默认分类 2010-05-12独立主格结构常见类型及其用法 独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。在做这类题目时一定要小心判断，不能粗心大意。一、独立主格结构的构成形式 1、逻辑主语+V-ing 这种构成形式内部

2、的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如： 1._no bus, we had to walk home. A.There being B.Being C.Hxdying been D.There was 2._no bus, we had to walk home. A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was 3._Sunday, the library doesn't open. A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Hxdying b

3、een 4._Sunday, the library doesn't open. A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is 2、逻辑主语+V-ed 该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。如： 1._, the train started. A.The signal given B.Giving the signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving 2._, the train started. A.After hxdying given the signal B.After the

4、signal given C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given 3._, the text became easier for us to learn. A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Hxdying explained new words 4._, the text became easier for us to learn. A. When new words were explained B.Explaining

5、 new words B.New words explaining D.Being explained new words 3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词） 该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主系表”结构。如： 1._, the patient can lexdye the hospital. A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions 2._, the patient can lexdye the hospital. A.If better conditions B.

6、If conditions better C.If conditions are better D.Being better conditions 3._, wed like to go outing. A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK 4._, wed like to go outing. A.If Sunday is OK B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday OK D.A,B and C 5._, you can wait a while. A.The play being still on

7、B.The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B 6._, so you can wait a while A.The play is still on B.The play being still on C.As the play is still on D.The play still on 4、逻辑主语+介词短语 该结构相当于不带动词的“主系介词短语”结构。如： 1.The boy followed the nobleman here, _. A.a sword in hand B.a sword in his hand B.

8、Being a sword in hand D.sword in hand 2.The boy followed the nobleman here _. A.with a sword in his hand B.with a sword in hand C.with a sword being in hand D.a sword being in hand 3.He left the office, _. A.tears being in eyes B.tears in eyes C.being tears in eyes D.with tears being in eyes 4.He le

9、ft the office _. A.with tears being in eyes B.with tears in her eyes C.being tears in eyes D.tears being in eyes 二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分： 1、原因状语 该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如： 1._ no bus, we had to walk home. A.There being B.As there was C.There was D.A and B 2._Sunday, the library doesn't open. A.It bei

10、ng B.As it is C.Being D.A and B 3._, I had to ask for two days lexdye. A.Mother being ill B.Bother ill C.As mother was ill D. A,B and C 4._, we hxdye to work late into the night. A.The exam near B.The exam being near C.As the exam is near D. A,B and C 2、时间状语 独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由when, as soon as, after

11、等引导的时间状语从句。如： 1._, the train started. A.The signal given B.After the signal was given C.Given the signal D.A and B 2._, the text became easier for us to learn. A. New words explained B.When new words were explained C.When teacher explained new words D.all above 3、条件状语 独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if引导的条件状语从句。如：

12、 1._, we'll go to visit the Great Wall. A.Weather permitting B.If weather permits C.If permitting D.A and B 2._, the patient will recover himself soon. A.If the treatment is in time B.The treatment in time C.The treatment being in time D.A,B and C 4、伴随状语 独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如： 1.We hxdye

13、lessons every day, _. A.Sunday included B.Sunday including C.Sunday is including D.all the above 2.The boy fell asleep,_. A.cap on head B.with a cap on head C.a cap on was on head D. all the above 3.Father came home,_ A.a dog following him B.a dog followed him C.being followed by a dog D.all the abo

14、vewith + 复合宾语结构常见类型及其用法 “with + 复合宾语”结构是指“with +宾语（名词或代词）+ 非谓语动词（分词、不定式）、介词短语、形容词或副词等”所构成的一种介词短语。该结构内部若是动词，则其非谓语形式的选用要注意三点：若内部动词表示将来（无论主动还是被动），则用不定式；若内部动词表示被动且属过去，则用过去分词；若内部动词表示持续主动动作，则用现在分词。该结构在句子中可以作以下几种成分： 1、原因状语 1.With the man _ us ahead, we had no trouble finding the village. A.To guide B.Guidi

15、ng C.Guided D.To hxdye guide 2.With a lot of work_, she doesnt hxdye time to rest. A.to do B.to be done C.doing D.done 3.With the machine _all the time, we finished harvesting crops in time. A.to work B.worked C.working D.Being working 2、时间状语 1.The street looks more beautiful with all the lights _.A

16、.are on B.on C.to be on D.been on 2.With our problem _, we all felt happy. A.to settle B.to be settled C.settled D.being settled 3.With his work_, the secretary began to walk home. A.to do B.doing C.done D.to be done 3、伴随状语 1.She left the offices with tears _. A.in her eyes B.in eyes B.being in eyes

17、 D.to be in eyes 2.The man found the door with both his eyes _. A.to be closed B.being closed C.closed D.closing 3.We felt uncomfortable with two waitresses_. A. standing by B.to be standing by C.stood by D.being standing by 4.The murderer was brought in, with his hands_. A.to be tied behind B. tied

18、 behind C.tying behind D.being tied behind 5.You cant see well _. A. with the glasses on B.being on the glasses C.with the glasses to be on D.with the glasses 4、后置定语 1.Do you know the man _ a book in his hand? A.with B.hxdying C.being D.A and B 2.Please offer your seat to the woman _ a baby in her a

19、rms.A.carrying B.hxdying C.with D.all the above 分词、独立主格和“with + 复合宾语”作状语的区别分词结构、独立主格结构、with + 复合宾语结构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的：一、分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作执行者（用现在分词）或动作承受者（用过去分词或现在分词被动式）。这种情况下的分词短语可以改为相应的状语从句或并列谓语。 分词短语在句中常作以下状语： 1、原因状语 1._late, we had to walk home. A.Being B.As we were C.We being D.A

20、 and B 2._ busy, they had no time to play. A.As they were B.Being C.Because they were D.all the above 2、时间状语 1._ the students' homework, the teacher found a lot of mistakes. A.When he was correcting C.When he corrected C.Correcting D.all the above 2._by your teachers, you are supposed to be mode

21、st. A.When you are praised B.Praised C.When praised D.all the above 3、条件状语 1._ more time, he is sure to finish his test paper. A.If he is given B.If given C.Given D.all the above 2._ another chance, I'll do my job better.A.If I hxdye B.If hxdying C.Hxdying D.all the above 4、伴随状语 1.Father came ba

22、ck, _ a bag of money on his left shoulder. A.carrying B.he was carrying C.and he was carrying D.all the above 2.Father came back, _ by a monkey. A.and he was followed B.followed C.and was followed D.all the above二、独立主格结构和with + 复合宾语结构在句子中作状语时，这种结构内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语，即主句主语与分词的逻辑主语不一致。如： 1._, well

23、go fishing in the country. A.Permitting weather B.Weather permitted C.Weather permitting D.Permitting 2._, he finished playing the game of chess. A.His eyes closing B.With his eyes closed C.Closing his eyes D.Closed his eyes 3._, I couldnt get the book I wanted. A.Closed B.Library closed C.Closing l

24、ibrary D.With library closing三、使用分词短语、独立主格结构、with + 复合宾语结构分别在句子中作状语时要注意：它们与主句之间不应有从属连词（如when, if, as soon as, as, while等）或并列连词（如and, but, or, so等）。例如： 1._ the teacher told the class to go through the text A.Checking the answers B.Checking the answers and C.When checking the answers and D.all the above 2._a rainy day, so all the farmers had to stay inside. A.It being B.Being C.It was D.all the above 3.As_a little sick, he remained at the clinic. A.feeling B.he felt C.he felling D.all the above四、在使用独立主格结构、with +复合宾语结构、分词结构作句子的状语时，一定要看句子主语同这些结构的逻辑关系。 1、当句子主语与该状语内