初中被动语态

1、 英语动词有两种语态：英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态被动语态 (the Passive Voice)A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者执行者。B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.注：后面注：后面能接宾语的动词能接宾语的动词vt才有被动语态才有被动语态The blouse is made of silk.The zipper is often used in our daily life.I

2、 think the TV was invented after the car.be + 过去分词过去分词( (二二) )被动语态最基本结构被动语态最基本结构: :有各种时态的变化有各种时态的变化,时态不同，结构不同时态不同，结构不同1. 一般现在时和一般过去式句子的被动语态：一般现在时和一般过去式句子的被动语态： People grow rice in the south of the country. The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. He lost his key yeste

3、rday. His key was lost by him yesterday.归纳结构：主语主语+am / is / are/was/were + PP主变被步骤主变被步骤: :1.找宾语找宾语: 即动作的承受者即动作的承受者(改为主语改为主语)He washed his car yesterday. His car3. 判断判断新主语新主语的单复数的单复数:确定确定be动词的单复数动词的单复数. be4. 判断动词的时态判断动词的时态 : 即即be动词的时态动词的时态.2. 修改谓语的语态修改谓语的语态:即即be+原原V.过去分词过去分词 washed5. 修改原句的主语修改原句的主语 :

4、即即by +主语主语(变宾格变宾格). (by him) yesterday.iswas wasThey make the bikes in the factory. . The bikesin the factory.are madethembyPeople grow rice in the south of the country.He lost his key yesterday.They planted many trees last year.We clean our classroom every day.1. This English song _ by the girls af

5、ter class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sangD. is often sung2.Why _ to talk about it yesterday? A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting held C. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held3. I _ in summer. A. born B. was born C. have been born D. am born 4. The Peoples Republic of Chi

6、na _ on October 1,1949.A.Found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found5. English _ in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken6.More than 100 trees _ (plant) in our school last spring.7.What _ this kind of flower _ (call)?1. They sell oranges in the shop. _.2. People dont produce

7、 oil in America. _.3. How many TV sets did you sell last week?_.4. Helens parents sent her to school when she was nine.5.People make ice-wine in Canada._.6. Do people speak English in many countries?_. 8.Plates and dishes _ (not wash) after supper yesterday.9.The song _ (not like) by most of us. 7.S

8、he gave me a pen.2. 含有情态动词：情态动词含有情态动词：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词 We must keep the classroom clean.The classroom must be kept clean.We should allow the students to have their free time.The students should be allowed to have their free time .1. 1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原

9、句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正确正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误错误) 2. 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on m

10、y birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语如果把直接宾语( (指物指物) )改为主语，则在间接宾语改为主语，则在间接宾语( (指人指人) )前加适前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：当的介词，如上句还可以说： A present was given to me yesterday. 一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：如： bring, give, lend, offer, pass, sell, show, tell,read 等。等。 The cup with mixtu

11、re was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如：如： buy, cook, choose, fetch, get, ,make, order, 等。等。 Mother made me a new skirt. = (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us. 3. 由动词由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们

12、看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉,这类动词有这类动词有 laugh at, operate on, look after, make fun of, make use of take care of, carry out, give up, hand in, point out, put away, put off, turn down, work out, talk about等。等。 4. 在在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不

13、定式都不带等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语但改成被动语态后都带态后都带to， We heard him sing this song in the room. He was heard to sing this song in the room.The boss made him work 14 hours a day. He was made to work 14 hours a day. I see him walk to school. He is seen to walk to school.We often see kate play soccer in t

14、he playground.Bill watched the monkeys run around.A traffic accident _(happen) just now.happened2. 连系动词连系动词（Link.v.) 如：如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, becomePeking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.sounds3. 当此动词表示当此动词表示事物的自然属性事物的自然属性的时候的时候:The pen _ (write) very fast.writesThis kind

15、of sweater _ (sell) well. sells1. 不及物动词不及物动词（vi.) 如如:happen, take place, appear, disappear, （四）不用被动语态的动词：（四）不用被动语态的动词：表示主语的自然属性特征表示主语的自然属性特征well/ badly/easily/smoothly),常见动词：常见动词：read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink, The books _ well A. were sold B. sell C. h

16、ave sold D. are being soldThis kind of cloth _ easily A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed【2011北京】北京】1. Many accidents_ by careless drivers last year.A. are caused B. were causedC. have caused D. will cause【2011上海】上海】2. An official _ by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yeste

17、rday.A. is interviewing B. is interviewed C. was interviewing D. was interviewed【2011天津】天津】3. Today a lot of information can _ online. A. receive B. be received C. is received D. receiving【2011重庆】重庆】4. Im glad to find that many trees_ in our city last year.A. plant B. planted C. were planted D. are

18、planted【2011陕西陕西】5. Driving after drinking wine in China. A. allows B. doesnt allow C. is allowed D. isnt allowed【2011安徽安徽】6. Dont worry. Your package here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A. will keep B. has kept C. will be kept D. has been kept【2011山东山东】7. Its true that Shakespeares pl

19、ay _ by so many people every year.A. see B. will see C. are seeing D. are seenCorrecting mistakeCorrect the mistake(s) in each sentence if any:1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?was sen

20、twill lastwere hurt4)Class is begun at 7:30 every day5)His plan is sounded goodbeginssounds例如：例如： 据说据说It is said /thought that 据报导据报导It is reported that 据推测据推测It is supposed that 希望希望It is hoped that 众所周知众所周知It is well known that 普遍认为普遍认为It is generally considered that 有人建议有人建议It is suggested that 1

21、) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. 2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. 3) It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.（五）在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主（五）在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示3. 一般将来时：一般将来时： They will send cars abroad by sea. They will g

22、ive plenty of jobs to school-leavers. . 过去将来时：过去将来时： The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. 4. 现在进行时：现在进行时： The radio is broadcasting English lessons. We are painting the rooms. . 过去进行时：过去进行时： Why didn

23、t they drive there on time? Because the workers were mending the road. This time last year we were planting trees here. 5. 现在完成时：现在完成时： Someone has told me We have brought down the price. 过去完成时：过去完成时： When I got to the theatre, I found The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; 6: 动词不定

24、式的被动语态动词不定式的被动语态1. be going to do-be going to be done2. be about to do-be about to be doneEg: They are going to hold a meeting tomorrow.A meeting is going to be held tomorrow.They are about to shoot the murderer.The murderdr is about to be shot by them.总结被动语态的结构总结被动语态的结构一般现在时/一般过去式be +done (is/am/ar

25、e/was were)一般将来时/过去将来时will/would+done现在进行时/过去进行时be +being+done现在完成时/过去完成时has/have/had+done含情态动词情态动词 + be done不定式to be done说明(1)done表示动词的过去分词(2)下划线的词为助动词 (1) The police found that the house _and a lot of things _. A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into ; had been stolen C. has been br

26、oken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen (2) If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep ; will have to D. do not keep ; have toDPracticeA(3) -_ the sports meet

27、 might be put off. -Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told(4) The maths problem _ among the students soon. A. is about to be discuss B. is going to be discussed C. is to discuss D. is going to have been discussedAB1.The new dictionaries are very useful.

28、 They _well and _already .A .sell, have been sold outB. sold, had sold outC. sell , sell outD. are sold , have been sold out2. -I saw Dave in lift this morning. -Really? He_around here for a long time.A. wont be seenB. wasnt seeC. hasnt been seenD. hadnt been seen3. The window is dirty.-I know. It _

29、 for weeks.A.hasnt cleaned B.didnt cleanC. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned4. The heros story _differently in the newspapers.A.was reported B. was reportingC.reports D. reported5.-Why did you leave that position? -I _a better position at IBM.A.offer B. offered C.am offered D.was offered6. More th

30、an a dozen students in that school_abroad to study medicine last year.A. sent B. were sent C.had sent D.had been sent7. The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which_placed under the Ministers car.A.has been B.was beingC. had been D.would be8. Millions of pounds worth damage_by a

31、 storm which swept across the north of England last night.A.has been caused B.had been causedC. will be caused D.will have been caused9. When the old man_to walk back to his house,the sun_itself behind the mountain.A.started ; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden C. had started ; wa

32、s hidingD. was starting; hid10:The water _cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.A.was felt B.is felt C.felt D.feels11: The moment the 28th Olympic Games_open, the whole world cheered.A.declared B.have been declaredC. have declared D. were declared13. In a room above the store, where

33、a party _, some workers were busily setting the table.A.would be held B.has been heldC.will be held D. is being held14. The new type of cellphone _better if it is advertised on TV.A. will sell B. sells C. would sell D.sold15. The bridge which _ last year looks really beautiful. A. was built B. built

34、 C. was set up D. had been built16. This cloth _well and _ long. “ Ok. Ill take it. A. washes/lasts B. is washed/lastedC. washes/is lasted D. is washing/lasting17. An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week. A. are to be held B. is to be held C. are holding D. will hold 18. He was cleaning

35、 his room when I entered the house. = His room _ by him when I entered the room. A. was being cleaned B. was cleaned C. was being cleaning D. has been cleaned19. Im sorry, sir. Your recorder isnt ready yet. It _ in the factory. A. is being repaired B. is repaired C. has been repaired D. hasnt repair

36、ed 20. Every possible means , but none prove successful. A. has tried B. has been tried C. is being tried D. tried 21. My little sister has broken my watch. = My watch _ by my little sister. A. is broken B. has broken C. have been broken D. has been broken1.树要在春天种树要在春天种;2.树坑要挖得够大树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深但不要太深;3

37、.把树放进坑里把树放进坑里,扶直扶直;4.把泥推回坑里把泥推回坑里,用脚踩实用脚踩实;5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍并且保证棍子插直了子插直了;6.用绳子用绳子（rope）把棍子和树绑起来把棍子和树绑起来7.浇好水浇好水. 根据提示写一篇以根据提示写一篇以How to Plant a Tree?为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上下文连贯。尽量使用下文连贯。尽量使用被动语态被动语态，80词左右。词左右。1.树要在春天树要在春天种种;2.树坑要树坑要挖挖得得够大够大,但不要但不要太深太深;3.把把树树放进放进坑里坑里, 扶直扶直;4.把把泥泥推回推回坑里坑里,用用脚脚踩实踩实;5.在旁边在旁边插插一根坚一根坚实的长棍子实的长棍子,并且并且保证保证棍子插棍子插直直了了;6.用用绳子（绳子（rope）把把棍子棍子和和树树绑起来绑起来7.浇好水浇好水.be plantedbe dugbig enoughtoo deepput intobe kept straightpush back topush hard with knock into be kept straightbe