会计英语培训

1、2/1/2022Learning objectivesnUnderstand an information system of accountingnApply generally accepted accounting principlesnUnderstand financial statementsnUse these accounting elementsnUse the accounting equationnUnderstand accounting and its environment2/1/2022Main contentsn1.1 accounting is an info

2、rmation systemn1.2 forms of organizationn1.3 the framework(结构、体制） for the preparation and presentation of financial statementsn1.4 understanding of financial statementsn1.5 accounting and its professionn1.6 accounting elements and using the accounting equationn1.7 ethics（伦理、规范） in accounting2/1/2022

3、1.1 accounting is an information systemnAccounting The system that measures business activities, processes information into reports and communicates these findings to decision makersnBookkeeping记帐、簿记 The part of accounting that records transactions and eventsnUsers of accounting information Investor

4、s and creditors, government, labor unions, and general public Accounting information2/1/20221.2 forms of organizationnSole proprietorship（独资企业） Owned by one individual Not a legal entity, unlimited liabilitynPartnership（合伙企业） Differ from a sole proprietorship in that in has more than one ownernCorpo

5、ration（公司） Incorporated under local law as a separate entity（单独实体） Limited liability, shares or stick2/1/20221.3 the framework for the preparation and presentation of financial statementsnThe need for a harmonization（调和、融合） of accounting standards Different countries have different accounting models

6、 International accounting standard committee (经：IASC) International accounting standard board (美：IASB)2/1/2022nFramework for the preparation and presentation of financial statements Objectives of financial statements and underlying assumptions（会计基本假设） Qualitative characteristics of financial stateme

7、nts Elements of financial statements Concepts(概念）of capital and capital maintenance2/1/2022nSome important principles (1) distinguishment between capital expenditure and revenue expenditure principle Objectivity principle Cost principle relevance principle substance over form principle. comparabilit

8、y principle 2/1/2022nSome important principles (2) timeliness principle Matching principle the understandability principle Consistency principle Materiality principle Conservatism principle2/1/20221.4 understanding of financial statementsnBalance sheet Assets (tangible and intangible) Liabilities Ow

9、ners equitynIncome statement Income revenue and gain expense2/1/2022nStatement of owners equity/Statement of retained earnings(留存收益）nCash flow statement Reports cash inflows and outflows in three groups: operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities2/1/20221.5 accounting and i

10、ts professionnAICPA Institute of Certified Public AccountantsInstitute of Certified Public AccountantsnCICPA Chinese Institute of Certified Public AccountingnDifferent classifications（分类、分组） Financial accounting, managerial accounting, tax accounting Financial, managerial, taxation, accounting Priva

11、te accountants, public accountants, government accountants2/1/20221.6 accounting elements and using the accounting equationnWhat is accounting equation Accounting elements Assets = liabilities + owner”s equity Net income (net loss) = revenues expenses Assets = liabilities + owner”s equity +(revenues

12、 - expenses)2/1/2022nEffects of transactions on the accounting equation Every transaction affects at least two items in the accounting equation The accounting equation remains in balance after each transaction Revenues and owner investments increase owners equity2/1/20221.7 ethics in accountingnSome

13、 basic ethical standards Integrity Confidentiality Competence Objectivity2/1/2022Vocabulary （1）nAccounting会计、会计学nBookkeeping记账,簿记,管账 nRelevance关联性 nObjectivity客观性nFeasibility可行性 nIncome statement/Profit and loss account损益表nBalance sheet资产负债表nCash flow statement现金流量表nAsset资产nLiability负债2/1/2022Vocabu

14、lary （2）nOwners equity / Capital所有者权益/资本nRevenue收入nExpense费用nIncome收入nGenerally accepted accounting principles 一般会计原则nFinancial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)nEntity concept会计主体nCost principle成本原则nDepreciation折旧nGoing-concern持续经营2/1/2022Vocabulary （3）nStable-monetary-unit稳定货币单位nMatching principle配比原则nFull-disclosure principle充分披露原则nConsistency principle一贯性原则nMateriality principle重要性原则nConservatism principle谨慎性原则nDouble-entry system复式记帐系统nAmerican Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA)美国注册公共会计师协会 nChinese Institute of Certified