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1、情态动词情态动词有 can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to 等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的 动词原形构成谓语 。一、 can, could1)表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。如:Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)Mary can speak three languages.(知识)Can you skate?(技能)此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现
2、在式和一般过去式;而 be able to则有更多的时 态。 如:I 'll not be able to come this afternoon.当表示经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to ,不能用Can。如:He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2)表不请求和允。Can I go now?Yes, you can. / No, you can t.此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句
3、和答语中。Could I come to see you tomorrow?Yes, you can. ( No, I m afraid not.)3)表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。They ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.4)表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Can this be true?This can't be done by him. How can this be true?二、
4、 may, might1)表示请求和允。might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can't或mustn't,表示不可以,禁止“。-Might/ May I smoke in this room?No, you mustn't.May/Might I take this book out of the room?Yes, you can. (No, you can't / mustn 't.)用May I.?征徇对可时比较正式和客气,而用 Can I.?在口语中更常见。2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。May you succeed!3)表示推测
5、、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。如: He may /might be very busy now.Your mother may /might not know the truth.三、 must, have to1)表示必须、必要。 You must come in time.在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用 mustn 't (禁止,不准),而用 needn t, don't have to (不必).Must we hand in our exercise books today?Yes, you must.No, y
6、ou don t have to / you needn t.2) must是说话人的主观看法,而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时,haveto有更多的时态形式。如: He play isn't interesting, I really must go now.I had to work when I was your age.3)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的述句)如: You're Tom's good friend, so you must know what he likes best.Your mother must be waiting
7、 for you now.四、 dare, need1) dare作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,过去式形式为dared。如: How dare you say I m unfair?He daren 't speak English before such a crowd, dare he?If we dared not go there that day , we couldn 't get the beautiful flowers.2) need作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用 must, have to, ought to, s
8、hould 代替。如: You needn 't come so early.Need I finish the work today?Yes, you must. / No, you needn t.3) dare和need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。如: I dare to swim across this river.He doesn t dare (to) answer.He needs to finish his home
9、work today.五、 shall, should1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对的意见。What shall we do this evening?2) shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如:You shall fail if you don t work hard.(警告)He shall have the book when I finish it.( 允诺)He shall be punished.(威胁)六、will, would1)表示请求、建议等,would 更委婉。Will / Would you pass me the ball,
10、please?2)表本意志、愿望和决心。I will never do that again. They asked him if he would go abroad.3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比 used to正式,且没有现已无此习惯”的含义。如: During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. The wound would not heal.4) 表示估计和猜想。It would be about ten o clock when she left home.七、 shoul
11、d, ought to1) should, ought to 表示 应该",ought to表示义务或责任,比 should语气重。如:I should help her because she is in trouble.You ought to take care of the baby.2)表示劝告、建议和命令。 should, ought to 可通用,但在疑问句中常用 should o 如: You should / ought to go to class right away.Should I open the window?3)表示推测,should , ought
12、to (客观推测),must(主观推测)。如:He must be home by now.( 断定他已到家)He ought to/should be home by now.( 不太肯定 )This is where the oil must be.( 直爽)This is where the oil ought to/should be.( 含蓄)Word资料情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。考点一 can , may , must等情态动词在述句中的用法l.can的用法(1)表示能力、可、
13、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”,即有种能力,尤其是生来具备的能力,此时 may和must均不可代替它。如:She can swim fast, but I can ' t .她能游得很快,但我不能。I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。(2)表示可能、能够。 如:I can finish it in an hour.我能在一小时后完成它。(3)表示可,常在口语中。如:You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。(4)表示推测,意为 “可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can' t译为“不可能“。 如: Can the n
14、ews be true? 这个消息会是真的吗?-Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗?-No, it can' t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。例 -I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there.-No. She _ be there, I have just been there.A. can tB. mustn tC.needn ' tD. wou
15、ldn t解析不可能",can' t表示推测表示过去的能力。如:他十岁时就会写诗。此时could没有过去式的意思。如根据下文“我刚去过那儿”可知,应为答案A2. could的用法(1) can的过去式,意为“能、会"He could write poems when he was 10.(2) could在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,Could you do me a favour?你能帮我个忙吗?-Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗 ?-Yes, you can. 可以。3. may的用法(1)表示请求、可, 比can正式, 如:May
16、I borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行车吗?You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。例-I borrow your MP3?Sure . Here you are.A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would【解析】 在此处表示请求,意为 “做可以吗”。 答案A(2)表示推测,谈论可能性,意为 “可能, 或”,一般用于肯定句中。如:It may rain tomorrow.明天可能会下雨。She may be at home. 她可能在家呢may的过去式为 might ,表示推测时。可能性低于may。如:He is away from sc
17、hool. He might be sick.他离开学校了,可能是他生病了。4.must的用法must表示主观看法,意为“必须、一定"。如:You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。Must I hand in my homework right now?我必须现在交作业吗?(2)其否定形式mustn ' t,表示“ 一定不要” “千万别”“禁止,不”.如:You mustn ' t play with fire.你不玩火。You mustn ' t be late.你一定不要迟到。对must引导的疑
18、问句,肯定回答为 must,否定回答为needn' t 或don ' t have to . 如:-Must I finish my homework?我现在必须完成作业吗?-No, you needn ' t. 不,你不必。4 4) must表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句。如 :The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着,他现在肯定在家。注意其反意问句的构成形式:当must 表示 肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。如:She must have finished writing, hasn
19、39; t she? 她一定已经写完了,不是吗?5 .need的用法(1) need表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中, 其否定形式为needn ' t , 意为“没有必要,不必"。用need提问时,肯定回答为 must,否定回答为 needn ' t。 如:-Need I stay here any longer?我还有必要留在这儿吗?-Yes, you must.是的。No. you needn ' t.不,你不必。(2) need还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,后边多接动词不定式。如:I need to do it right now
20、.我需要马上做这件事。He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了 解那个女孩。6. dare的用法 dare意为“敢、敢于:用法近似于need ,有两种词性:(1) dare作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如:Dare he tell them what he knows?他敢告诉他们所知道的情况吗?I daren ' t ask her - will you do it for me?我可不敢问她,你能帮我问问吗?(2) dare作为实义动词,此时有人称、数及时态的变化。如:He
21、 doesn ' t dare to break his promise.他不敢食言。注意:在口语中,dare的各种形式常与不带to的不定式连用。如:Do you dare tell her what I said?你敢告诉她我说的话吗?I didn ' t dare look at him.我不敢看他。7.shall的用法(1)shall表示征求对意见(多用于第一、三人称),如:Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗?(2)表示决心、警告、命令(多用于第二、三人称),如:No one shall bring your beepers or m
22、obile phones in the exam.考试中任人不准带 BP机和手机。8 . should的用法(1) should意为"应该”,可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。 如: We should protect the environment.我们应该保护环境。(2) should (would)like to do sth. 表示“想要、愿意做某事”,常用于口语中。如: I should (would) like to go with you . 我愿意和你一起去。Would you like to go with me?你想和我一起去吗?(3) Should have do
23、ne 表示对过去动作的责备、批评。 如:You should have finished your homework.你应该已经完成作业了。(事实上你没有完成。)9 .will的用法 will表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称。如:I will help you if I ' m free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空,我就会帮你。10 .had better 的用法had better意为“最好",没有人称的变化,后面接不带to的不定式,其否定形式为:had better not 。如: We had better go now.我们最好现在就走。Yo
24、u had better not give the book to him.你最好不要把这本书给他。考点二含有情态动词的疑问句1 .由can、may、must构成的疑问句(1)句式: Can/ May/ Must+主语+动词原形+.? 如:Can you repair the car? 你会修小汽车吗?Could he be a good student?他能是名好学生吗?May I borrow your ruler?我可以借你的尺子吗?Must we clean the room now?我们必须现在打扫房间吗?(2)对may引出的问句,可以有下列回答式:Yes, of course.Ye
25、s, certainly.Sure.No, you mustn ' t.No, you can ' t.(3)对must引出的疑问句,回答式为:Yes,must.No, needn ' t/ don ' t have to.2 .will , would , shall 的用法(1) will在一般疑问句中表示客气的“请求、劝说"。would是will的过去式,语气更加客气、委婉。如:Would you show me your picture book?你能让我看看你的画册吗?Will you please give me a call?请给我打个好
26、吗?(2)对 will/ would you的回答式有以下几种:Yes, I will. (No, I won ' t.)Sure. (I' m sorry, I can ' t.)All right.Certainly. (No, thank you .)Yes, please.例 -Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily?A.That' s right B.With pleasure C.It doesn ' t matter D.No trouble解析 A.意为“对了 ” ,
27、B.意为“乐意效劳”,C.意为“没关系” D.意为“不费事”。答案 B(3) shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称,表示征求对意见或客气的请求。如:我给你把门打开好吗?我们现在开始好吗?其回答式有以下几种:Yes, please.All right.No, thank you.考点三不同情态动词的否定意义也不同1.(1) can' t可译为"不会",如:I can' t play basketball.我不会打篮球。(2)当句子表推测时,用 can' t表达不可能, 如:He can' t be ill. He is playing chess
28、 with Tom.他不可能病了,他正和 Tom 下棋呢。(3) can' t还可用来回答 “ MayI?” 这样的问句。 如:May I come in?我可以进来吗?No, you mustn ' t. / can' t.不,你不能。(4)can ' t还可用于固定习语中。如: She can' t help crying.她不禁大哭起来。2. may的否定式为 may not , 译成"可能不"如:He may not be at home.他也不在家。3. (1)mustn ' t表示不,不可。如:He mustn &
29、#39; t leave his room. 他不离开他的房间。You mustn ' t talk in class.你们不可以在课上说话。(2) mustn ' t也可用于以 may表示要求时的否定回答中。如:May I stand here? 我可以站在这里吗?-No, you mustn ' t(can' t). 不,不行。4. (1) needn ' t 意为"不必"。如:You needn' t meet him unless you ' d like to.你不需要见他,除非你愿意。(2) needn &
30、#39; t + have+动词的过去分词,表不需要完成但已完成的动作,暗含时间或精 力上的浪费。如: You needn ' t have bought it. 你没必要买它(但你却买了)。5. shouldn ' t 表示不应该。如: You shouldn ' t feel so unhappy over such little things.对于这种小事,你不应该感到这么不高兴。考点四 情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为:情态动词+ be + done (动词的过去分词)。做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个面。如:You needn' t
31、 get up so early every day.你不必每天者B起这么早。(2)She shouldn' t speak t her mother in that way.她不应该用那种式和妈妈说话。(3)More and more trees must be planted in China.在中国必须种植更多的树木。(4)Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.很多星星我们都看不到,因为它们离 我们太远了。情态动词练习及答案()1. -Mum , may I watch TV now
32、 ?- Sure , but you help me with my English.A. can B. mayC. must D. could()2. -I download the article again ?- No , you needn't.A. Shall B. WillC. Must D. Can()3. -Can you go skating with us this afternoon ?- Sorry , I can't. I take care of my little sister at home.A. can B. mayC. would D. ha
33、ve to()4. -Must I hand in my exercise book today ?- No , you.A. can't B. needn'tC. mustn't D. won't()5. -May I have a word with you ?- No , you. I'm busy today.A. needn't B. wouldn'tC. don't have to D. can't()6. -I have your English name , please ?- Yes, Helen. H-
34、E-L-E-N.A. MustB. May)7. -Who is the boy over thereC. Will? Is it John ?D. Need-No , itbe him. John is much taller.A. mustn't B. may not)8. -Can you play FrisbeeC. can't,Jay?D. needn't-Yes, IA. must. It's easy.B. canC. need)9.-You must come back every month. -YesA. willB. mustC. shou
35、ldD. mayID. can)10. Sheknow the answer, but I'm not sure.A. maybe B. may beC. mayD. must)11. - Must we clean the room right now ?-No , you. You clean it after lunch.A. needn't ; mayB. needn't; mustC. Mustn't ;)12.JohnA. may)13. ChildrencanD. mustn't ;come to see us tonight ,B. ca
36、nA. mustn't B. can'tC. has to play with fire.C. shouldn'tmaybut he isn't very sure yet.D. mustD. needn't)14.-.I come in, Mr. Green ?-Yes, come in , please.A. MustB. NeedC. WillD. May)15. -Must I finish the work today-No , youA. mustn't ; mayC. needn't ; may.Youfinish it tomorrow.B. can't; canD. needn't ; must情态动词答案与解析1. C.这组对话的意思是:"妈妈,我现在可以看电视吗?""当然,但你必须帮我学英语。”该题测试情态动词的用法。表示主观上看来"必须”要做的事,要用 must.""不必了。"该题测试情态动词的用2. C.这组对话的意思是:"我必须再次下载这篇文章吗?法。根据答语 No, you needn't就能确定要选C.3. D.这组对话的意思是:”今天下午你能同我们一块去溜冰吗? "
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