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1、第十九讲定语从句的翻译2021-11-01 23:19:38| 分类： 2021 年课件 | 标签：| 字号大中小定阅xx第十九讲定语从句的翻译translation of attribute clauses. Different attributive clauses may express different meaning such aspurpose, concession, result and so on. An attributive clause usually follows the word it modifies. This isdifferent from Chines

2、e. In Chinese there is no post-position attributive and there can?t be too manymodifiers preceding the modified word. All this causes changes in translating some sentences whichcontain attributive clauses.I、译成前置定语限制性定语从句与先行词关系亲近 ,特别是一些较短的限制性定语从句 ,没有它 主句的 意义便不完好 ,可依照汉语定语前置的习惯将其翻译成带 "的"的定语 ,

3、放在先 行词前方 .比 方:Shanghai is the place where he was born.xx 是他出生的地方 .I don't like people who lose their temper easily.我不喜爱爱发性情的人He is wisest who is honest.老实的人最聪明。them.对参加此次侵袭的恐惧分子和那些包庇他们的人,我们都将严惩不贷。Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和 xx是科学家们努力探究的新领域。His la

4、ughter, which was infectious, broke the silence.他那富裕传染力的笑声打破了沉静。To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them.固然，一个雄伟的重修方案也许能为很多需要工作的人供应就业机遇。This is the solider who just returned from the front. aconcentration of problems.可是，近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是问题成堆的地方。 自然，有

5、些起附带说明作 用的非限制性定语从句，对先行词也有不一样程 度的修饰限制作用，有时也可以译为前置定语。The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor.那个整天躲在云层He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof andarrogant.他喜爱热忱快乐的妹妹，而不喜爱冷淡骄横的哥哥。II . 译成后置定语非限制性定语从句用来对先行词作附带说明, 在文字上一般有逗号与先

6、行词分开 与先行词的关系较为松懈 .非限制性定语从句在语意上凑近于并列结构,翻译时平常可 译成并列分句 ,放在先行词的后边 . 这一方法也合用于某些较长的限制性定语从句.比 方 :Mr. Smith, who came to see me yesterday, is a relative of my wife,s.史密斯先生昨天来看过我 ,他是我老婆的一个亲戚 .昨天来看我的史密斯先生是我老婆的一个亲戚。She was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered agreat honor.她被授与一枚金质奖章 ,全家人都以为这

7、是极大的荣耀 .The eagle catches the snake that gobbles the toad that swallows the insect that nibblesat green leaves.老鹰抓蛇，蛇吞蛤蟆，蛤蟆吃虫子，虫子啃绿叶。difficult task.本书旨在为写作供应模范，可以说写作是一个难题物质是由分子构成的，而分子又是由原子构成的But listen, I met a man, who said you could solve this problem. 听着，我遇到一个人，这个人说你是有权解决这个问题的。B、非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不十

8、分亲近，不过对先行词加以说明，描述或解说，或对整个句子所陈述的事实或现象加以总结、增补说明，其 前都有逗号分开。在汉译时 一般译为后置并列分句。如：He blamed me for everything, which I thought very unfair.他把全部错误都归咎于我，我以为这很不公正。These books, which are only a small part of my collection, I picked up in American.这些书是我在美国买的 ,它们在我的藏书中只占一小局部。They seem to enjoy thoserewards which

9、they had purchased by a course of unmerited fatigue, and byvictories which almost exceed belief.他们对那些酬劳看来是很愉悦的，那些酬劳是他们历经含辛茹苦，经过获 得令人难以 置信的成功得来的。I told the story to John, who(=and he) told it to his brother.我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。 这类采纳后置的方法来办理非限制性定语从句，一般也使用指示代词来重 复英语关系 代词所代表的含义。III、溶合译法溶合法就是把原句子中的主语和定

10、语从句溶合在一起译成一个独立句子的 翻译 方法。别的，因为限制性定语从句与主句的关系亲近，所以，限制性定语 从句仿佛更 适宜采纳溶合法。英语中突出的 “there be 句型就是这样办理的。There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.楼下有人要见你。 原句中的主句局部 there is a man 翻译成 “有人 ，而后将定语从句译成句 子的谓 语局部。 In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.在我们工厂里，很多人对这项

11、新创造很感兴趣。原句中的主句局部 there are many people 翻译成 “很多人 ，作译文的 主语，而 后将定语从句译成句子的谓语局部。We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity.我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个零件都有一些国籍标记。原句的主句较简单，整句句子的要点是在定语从句中，所以，翻译时将 主句译成主 语，而将定语从句译成句子的谓语局部。She had a balance at her banker?s which would have made he

12、r beloved anywhere.她在银行里的存款足以使她各处遇到欢送。原句的主句较简单，整句句子的要点是在定语从句中，所以，翻译时将 主句译成主 语，而将定语从句译成句子的谓语局部。There are many people who want to select this major.很多人要选这个专业You are the only person who could do it. 只有你才能做这件事。 He has a son of twenty who is now at the college. 他有个二十岁的儿子此刻正上大学This was the first time I ha

13、d serious trouble with my leader. 这是我第一次和领导发生严重瓜葛。有些IV. 译成状语 英语的定语从句与汉语中的定语还有一个不一样的地方，那就是，英语中 定语从句和主句关系不亲近，它从语法上看是修饰定语从句的先行词的，5/12实质上限制作用不强，而是修饰主句的谓语或全句的，起状语作用。也就是说， 有些定语从句兼有状语从句的职能，在乎义上与主句有状语关系，表示原由、 结果、目的、 退步、假设等关系。在这类状况下，需要灵巧办理，在正确理解 英语原文的根底上，弄清 楚逻辑关系，而后把英语中的这些定语从句翻译成各种相应的分句。一译成表示 “时间 的分句A driver

14、 who is driving the bus mustn?t talk with others or be absent-minded.司机在开车时，不准和人讲话，也不可以走神。二译成表示 “原由 的分句He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs. Smith, who was now more than usually insolentand disagreeable.他仿佛不肯再和史密斯太太讲话，因为她此刻异样无礼，令人厌烦。三译成表示 “条件 的分句人们极其急迫地要求工作，不管什么工作，只需它能保持一家人的生活就 行。四译成表

15、示 “退步 的分句He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for尽管他并无这样的需要，他坚持要再买一幢房子。五译成表示 “目的 的分句He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter.为了惹起公众对这一事件的注意，他想写一篇文章He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument.为了证明他的论点，他正在采集确实的资料以。六译成表示 “结果

16、 的分句They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.他们妄图镇压抗争，结果抗争越来越烈，遍布全国。七译成表示 “转折 的分句She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.她对孩子们很有耐心，而她丈夫却极少这样再如约翰不可以来参加聚会 ,因为他老婆病了 .He insisted on buying another coat, which he had no

17、 use for.他坚持要再买一件上衣固然他用不着 .挪威自然十分关注欧洲和大西洋国家的开展,因为这些开展大大有助于保护世界上我们这一地区的和平易平安 .In a dispute between two states with which one is friendly, try not to get involved.两国相争，假设与之都友善，那么力避卷入。The arms drive, which brings huge profits to the monopolists, weighs heavily on theworking people andseriously worsens

18、the economy of the country. 军备比赛一方面给垄断资本家带来巨额 利润，一方面却把深重的负担加在 劳动人民头上，使国家的经济状况恶化。别的 ,要特别注意由 but 和 than 指引的定语从句的翻译 .but 作为关系代词也可 以指 引定语从句 ,同拥有否认意义的主句连用,其先行词可以是人 , 也可以是物 .but 在乎义上等于 "that.not", "who.not", "which.not".在带有比拟级的句子中,than可以作代词，兼有连词和代词的性质.但也有人以为这类用法的than是连词,后省略 了

19、主语 what. 比方 :There are few of them but who don't admire your achievement.他们几乎每一个人都 xx 你的成就 .The house was more luxuriously decorated than suited his taste. 那房子装饰得太豪华 不合他的审美兴趣因为计算机起着近似人脑的作用，所以常常被称作电脑。译成原由状 从Rose took Chinese medicine which relieved her symptoms. 罗斯服了中药，结果缓解 了病症。译成结果状从There is no

20、bad habit that may not be cured by a strong willpower.只需有坚毅的意志，就没有什么坏习惯改不掉。译成条件状从The newswoman wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to shipwreck. 这位女记者想写篇文章， 以便可以惹起公众对那起沉船事件的注意。 译成目的状语从句V. 调整 翻译定语从句也可以无视其语法形式，只关注信息，翻译时依照时间逻辑 或 其余逻辑来调整语序，例如先发生的先说，后发生的后说。如：The sun, which had h

21、idden all day, now came out in all its splendor.太阳整天都躲在云层里，此刻露面了，光辉四射。比拟：那个整天躲在云层里的太阳,此刻又光辉四射地露面了It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when hestopped and turned.他停下脚步， 转过身来， 定睛一看， 是位年迈的妇女。 她高高的个儿， 固 然历尽沧桑， 却风韵犹存。They remarked now he took a differ

22、ent seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attenddivine worship. 他平常做星期时总坐在固定的座位上，可是那一天他们发现他不坐老地点 了。Class-Work1. He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.2. As she turned the corner a new idea occurred to her, which made her stop dead.3. He did not rember

23、 his father who died when he was three years old.4. A civilization that encourages the motive of self-interested calculation to rule everysphere of social lifeis on a sure path to moral bankruptcy.A civilization that encourages the motive of self-interested calculation to rule every sphere of social

24、 life ison a sure path to moral bankruptcy.自擅自利的行为计算到社会生活的每一个层面会以致文明的最后崩溃。 以自擅自利为根本，到处算计的文明最后会以致社会道德败坏。鼓舞自擅自利的文明，充满着社会生活的每一个层面，是道德败坏的根源。社会鼓舞 ，这势必以致 xx 沦丧。 这类鼓舞自擅自利、到处算计的 xxA civilization that encourages the motive of self-interested calculation to rule every sphere of social life ison a sure path to moral bankruptcy. 假设鼓舞自私来控制社会生活的各个领域，那么 文明走上衰落之路。 假设文明不过建议人们只为自己着想，令人自私地生活，那么这么文 明将 会使社会道德沦丧。鼓舞自擅自利统治社会的每一处生活的文明，将会使社会道德沦丧。 那种 ，假设放之社会每个角落，那么社会势必走向道德沦丧假设一种文明 ，那么这类文明势必以致社会 旨在鼓舞大家在社会生活的方方面面都要以自我利益为中心而锱铢必较的所谓的文明，必然会以致道德的沦丧。这类滋长以自我利益为中心的风气，充满在社会的每个地方，将最后以致 社会道德的塌陷。