选修8UNIT1词汇讲解

1、泗州学校Sizhou School编号：2014-课型： 新授课 上课时间： 第1周UNIT1 A LAND OF DIVERSITY1. live on继续存在，继续生存The customs and Ianguages of the immigrants live on in their new home.（ 教材 P1）这些移民的风俗 习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。She lived on for many years after her husba nd died.丈夫死后她继续活了多年。live on sth以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活live through 经历过；经历而

2、未死live by doi ng 靠做某事物为生live a .life过着的生活live up to遵从；履行；不辜负live with容忍；忍受（2010 湖北高考 ）Had sheher promise, she would have made it to Yale University.A . looked up toB. lived up to C. kept up with D . come up with2. However, it_is_likely_that Native America ns were living in California at least fiftee

3、 n thousa nd years ago.（教材 P2）然而，很可能至少在15000年前美洲土著人就生活在加利福尼亚了。本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为 that引导的主语从句。句中的 likely为形容词，意为"可能的”，常用于It is likely that."有可能”或 sb.be likely to do sth."某人有可能做某事”句型中。She is not likely to come n ext mon th.她下月很可能不来 likely常指从表面迹象来判断有可能，作“可能的”的意思解释时常用作表语形容词，主要句法结构有：sb./sth.

4、+ be+ likely + to do sth.； It is likely + that-clause。likely用作定语形容词时常意为“似乎合适的、有希望的”。 possible表示客观上的可能性，possible常构成的结构有：It is possible（for sb.）to do sth. ； It ispossible + that-clause。possible作定语时，有时解释为“合适的”。 probable表示“可能发生或实现的"，比possible的可能性大。常构成的句型有：sth. isprobable; It is probable + that-clau

5、se。（2010 陕西高考 ）Studies show that people are moreto suffer from back problems if theyalways sit before computer scree ns for long hours.A . likely B . possible C. probable D. sure3. by means of用办法；借助Scie ntists believe that these settlers crossed the Beri ng Strait in the Arctic to America by means o

6、f a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.（ 教材 P2）科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一座史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达 美洲。by this means用这种方法 by all means 定，务必by no means 点也不，决不（用于句首句子需倒装 ） by any means无论如何Try by all mea ns to save the dyi ng.定要尽力抢救那个垂危的病人。This is by no means the first time you have bee n late.这绝不是你第一次

7、迟至 U了。【提示】means作“方式，方法”时单复数同形。若是 all means作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若是every/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。【一言辨异】All possible means have been tried , but not every means works.所有可能的方法者E尝试过了，但并不是每一种方法都奏效。（2011 浙江高考）Can I come and have a look at your new house?Yes,!A. with pleasureB . I like itC . I quite agreeD . by all m

8、ea ns4. majority n.大多数；大半Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men whose ministry was to teachthe Catholic religion to the natives.（教材 P2）在首批移居加利福尼亚的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向当地人传授天主教。A majority of doctors agree that smok ing is extremely harmful to health.in the /a major

9、ity 占多数 a majority of.over sb.超过对方 的票数minority n.少数；少数民族【提示】 a/the majority （of.）表示“（的）大多数”，修饰可数名词，作主语时，谓语用复数，修饰不可数名词时，谓语用单数。the majority单独作主语时，表示泛指多数，谓语单复数均可。（2011 湖南高考）One-third of the country covered with trees and the majority of thecitize nsblack people.A . is ； areB . is ； isC . are； areD . ar

10、e; is5. That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second Ianguage.那就是为什么今天还有超过40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。Nothing is impossible to a willing mind. 有志者事竟成that is why.表示“那就是的原因”，why引导表语从句。That is why I came back. 这就是为什么我回来了。That is why she is so happy.那就是她为什么如此高兴的原因。6. m

11、ake a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等，开始新生活Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despitegreat hardship.（教材P2）有些人死了或回家了，但是大多数人尽管困难重重，还是留在了加利福尼亚谋生。They settled down in Canada and made a life for themselves.他们在加拿大定居下来，习惯新的生活方式。bring. （back） to life 给某人/事物活力；使复活 com

12、e to life苏醒live/lead a . .life 过着的生活It was an opport unity to make a better life for herself.这是使自己能更好生活的机会。7. elect v .选择，决定做某事（后常跟不定式）；选举，推选By the time California elected to become the thirty- first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.（教材 P2）到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第 31个

13、州的时候，它已经是一个有着多元文化的社会了。We elected him （to be） monitor.我们选他当班长。elect sb. （to be/ as）选举某人为 electsth. （as）选择作为职业elect to do.决定做某事electio n n.选举【提示】表示“选举”，主要指选举某人担任某职位。若所涉及的职位独一无二，则通常不【提示】percentage前不用具体的数字修饰，但可以被high, low等形容词修饰。 percent百分之，相当于 %”，其前面往往用具体数字修饰。 “a percentage of + n.”在句中作定语时，谓语动词的单复数根据名词的

14、单复数形式而定。9. keep up坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）In 1911 immigra nts from Den mark established a tow n of their own, which today still keeps up theirDanish culture.（教材P2）从丹麦来的移民在1911年建立了他们自己的城镇，今天它仍然沿袭着他们 的丹麦文化。I hope the fine weather will keep up.我希望好天气能保持下去。Do you still keep up your Spa nish?你还坚持说西班牙语吗？keep up w

15、ith 跟上 保人/某事物）；（与某人/某事物）同步前进或保持联系；跟上 （形势）keep （on） doing继续做；重复做 keep away from（使某人/事物）不靠近某人/事物keep in touch with保持与某人的联系keep oneself/sb. from （doing） sth.使自己/某人不做某事keep sb./sth. out （of sth.）不让某人/物进入（某处）keep sb. back from sb./sth.（使某人）与某人/事物保持距离keep sth. back阻止某事物keep sth. from sb.不将某事告诉某人keep off （

16、sb./sth.）不接近或不接触某人 /事物（2012 湖北高考）Walking alone in the dark , the boy whistled tohis courage.A . hold up B . keep up C. set up D. take up10. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture o

17、f many races and cultures.（ 教材 P3）人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。choose/select/elect这是choose表示“选择”或“挑选”，侧重于通过意志或判断，是最普通的用语。+过去分select表示（精心地）挑选，选疋，具有 精选 的意思。等。此句型elect表示“选举”的意思，一般是较大范围的具有正式手续的选举。成时三种形用冠词个主从复合句。it为形式主语，真正的主语为第一个that引导的主语从句。词+ that.。常用于此结构的动词有：say, report,

18、 think , hope, suggest,可改写为sb./sth. be +过去分词 +不定式结构。（要注意不定式有一般时,本结构为It'sbelieve, know进行时和完It's believed that working hard can lead to success. = Working hard is believed to lead to success.& percentage n.百分比，百分率（常用 high, low , small, large 修饰）Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of

19、 California, although a large percentage have chosen to1.occur vi.发生；出现stay in the“Chinatowns ” of Los Angeles and San Fra教:材c®2（）今天，加利福尼亚的所有地区都有美籍华人，尽管有很大比例的华人还是选择住在洛杉矶和旧金山的“中国城”。It did n't occur to me that.（教材 P5）我起初没想到It occurs to sb. that.某人想起 Itoccurs to sb. to do.某人想起做occur/happe n/ta

20、ke placeA high percentage of the college students have part- time jobs at home and abroad.不管是在国内还 是在国外，很大比例的大学生一边学习一边打工。occur to sb.（主意）浮现于脑海中；被想到；（某人）想到It occurred to him that he had n't eate n.泗州学校 Sizhou School 丿编号：2014-课型： 新授课 上课时间： 第1周occurslip into进入，陷入（尤指困难或不快的状况）比较正式的用语，可用于具体或抽象的事物， 通常指按

21、计划或规律在较为确定的时间“发生”的事,物时，可与happen换用。 但occur还可表示“某人想起”。在表示具体的事滑动；滑行；滑跤；溜进 （出）n.滑；滑倒 slip away /off溜走；悄悄离开happen常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”。另外，happen还有“碰巧”之意。slip out被无意说出slip off迅速脱去（衣服） slip on迅速穿上（衣服）take place对夫妻做伴，一起租了一辆小汽车。通常指“（某事）按计划进行或按计划发生”。另外， take place还有“举行”之意。【提示】表示“某人想起”还可用.hit sb. 或 sb.

22、strike on.。4 . Team-up with a couple from my hotel and hire a car.（ 教材 P8）同饭店里的he had left his keys in the office.（2012 西高考）It suddenly occurred to himA . whether B . where C. which D. That（1）team up with 与合作或一起工作team up （to do.）合作（做某事）team with （服装）与搭配 team spirit合作精神，团队精hire out 出租2. indicate vt.指

23、出；标示；表明；表示；暗示Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner.（ 教材 P7） 试着用上面的表达来表明你在认真听搭档的讲述。（2）hire v.租用，雇用n.租用，租金We hired a driver to take us on a tour of the city我们雇了一个司机带我们游览这个城市。hire （oneself） out to sb.受雇于某人for/on hire 出租indicate that.表示 ; 示意in dica

24、ti on n.指出；表明indicator n.指示信号；标志；迹象dthehire是日常用语，指按工作量或时间雇用人或租借东西，有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物的使用权出让给别人以收取费用 之意;多指临时租用某物。女口： hire a boat, a car, a camera, a bicycle, an eveningdress, a hall for a meeting等，指人时，有“雇用”、“受雇”两种含义。t.（ 教employ较正式，多指商店或公司长期雇用人手；受雇人员较广，甚至包括社会地位较高的职业人员，有“聘请 之义；也可以解释为 忙于，从事 常用于be employed in

25、 sth./doing sth.短语中。二失控，rent一般指租借房屋、地产（租借出去）；也有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用 之意;多指用于长时间的场合。女口： rent a house, a flat，a TV等。rent还可作名词，意为 租金；租费”。hire/employ/re nt5. mark out画线；标出 界线indicate sth. （to/for sb.）向（某人）表示某事;indicate to sb.that.向某人表示或示意3. Apparently he'd been shocked when he saw a terrible ac

26、cident in which a tram's brakes faile con ductor could not con trol the situati on and the tram slipped dow n the hill dragg ing the horses with i 材P8）显然，他很震惊，这时他曾经看到过一起可怕的交通事故；由于一辆马车刹车失灵，驾车 车子和马一起从山上滑了下去，很明显这让他受到了极大的震惊。（1）appare ntly adv.显然地；显而易见地；看起来He was apparently much surprised at the news

27、. 他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。Apparently she did not succeed.看样子她没有成功。There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists.（ 教材P8）有一种专为旅游者选定的迷人的驾车游活动。即pare nt adj.明显的，显而易见的mark down 写下，记下； 降彳氐的价格或分数be marked with.标记着be/become appare nt to.对来说很明显It is appare nt that.显然mark up标出；提高的价格 mark off用界限隔开 mark.with.用在

28、某物上做标记6. take in包括；吸收obvious/appare nt/evide nt/clearobvious意为“某东西具有显著特点，不需费力就可觉察到，常用于一目了然的事物”。appare nt意为“表面看起来很明显，而实际情况未必如此”。行;-ound trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.（ 教材 P8）这是一次往返 79 公里的旅它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。It's a 79kmevide ntThe study c意为“有证据作出合理判断，考虑到各种事实、条件后而显得明显”。f physics takes

29、in ma ny difficult subjects.物理的学习包括许多困难的方面。clear意为“不存在使人迷惑或使问题复杂化的因素”。take in接纳；欺骗；收养，接待；理会，理解，记住；欺骗，使上当take apart拆开；剖析，抨击（论点等）take down拿下，取下；拆卸；记下回忆起昔日take on承担，从事；呈现；雇take back取回，带回；收回说过的话；使Nothing is impossible to a willing mind. 有志者事竟成 .take up开始从事；占用（时间或空间）;着手处理take over继承，接收，接管take off脱下（衣服等）;

30、起飞 take care of照料，保管take it easy别紧张，慢慢来take one's time不急，慢慢干take one's place入座；代替某人的位置（2011 陕西高考 ）Some in sectsthe colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.A . take in B . take off C. take on D. take out7. apply for申请；请示得到From 1882 to 1940 An gel Isla nd was a famous immigrati on stati on where many Chin ese people applied