托福讲义-1FirstSection

1、托福讲义托福讲义-1FirstSectionAbout myself vName：林殿芳vQQ group：222462129Rules in my classv1. Keep a note book and an exercise book. v2. Do your homework as required.Suggestions for your English studyvBased on my experience, 10 suggestions will be given below.1. Set up your confidencevNo confidence, no remark

2、able work can be done.vIf idiots in America can learn English well, believe yourself you can do even better than them. 2. Evaluating yourselfvThe best wisdom is to know yourself well.vYou have to understand what kind of person you are.vIf you really want to obtain something, you might need to make s

3、ome acceptable sacrifices.3. Set up a reasonable goalvPeople will not know what to do and strive for if they dont have goals. vWork can only be done step by step.4. VocabularyvWords are building bricks of the composition v1. pronunciation- Phenomenonv2. group - pie lie tie diev3. affix and prefix tr

4、ans-v3. Sentences outweigh single word.5. GrammarvGrammar is the steel and glue in a concrete building of English language.v Systematic learning is the best way.vLearning by reading authentic articles.6. Sentence structure vIts root is in English grammar. However, the examples and diversity are in t

5、he readings.vTake notes while you are reading them.7. Writing knowledgevThere are many skills in English writing especially for different purposes.vStarting with the formatvStructurevCoherence & cohesionvVocabulary and sentence variety8. Read and imitate good onesvIn learning a language, there a

6、re a huge proportion for imitating the authentic use of that language.vGood articles will provide you massive information ranging from vocabulary to structures to ideas and practical knowledge. 9. Help yourself and help each othervLearning involves more about doing things by yourself because no one

7、can do it for you. This is the basic principal.vHowever, single persons ability and knowledge are limited, asking others for help is very common and should be highly encouraged.v“Among any three people walking, I will find something to learn for sure.” 10. Practice makes perfectvWatching other peopl

8、e doing writing is necessary, but it is far from enough.vThe key only lies in real personal practice.vPractice mistakes & merits correction & self-assuranceperfect 考试顺序vReading 阅读vListening 听力vTen-minute break 十分钟的休息vSpeaking 口语vWriting 写作写作WritingvIntegrated writingv20 minutesv考察能力： 阅读理解的能力

9、 听力理解的能力 分析习作的能力v考试次序：v三分钟阅读三百字的文章（分为两大部分，开头段和话题支持段落。）v文章退去v考生听一段之间的讲座（内容：针对上面阅读文章逐一提出三个观点。）注：听力录音只放一次，要快速的NTv阅读文章再次出现界面左侧，右侧要求考生写一篇150-225的文章分析：听力内容与阅读内容之间的关系听力内容与阅读内容之间的关系听力内容与阅读内容之间的关系v官方：（可能）质疑，挑战，回应，强化v统计分析：（实际考试）一般是驳斥的关系听力内容与阅读内容之间的关系v统计分析：（实际考试）一般是驳斥的关系v应对方法：预测内容 积累驳斥类写作词汇v阅读部分：advantagev听力部分

10、：disadvantagev三三对应，三三相反WritingvIndependent writingv30 minutesv考察能力： 切题能力 谋篇布局的能力 逻辑辨证的能力 直接考察英语语言能力v独立写作一般为：agree and disagreeIndependent writingv比较像旧托福中的TWE（Test of Written English）v注意问题：v30分钟300字，有些难度。v判卷人是美国人，不能写中国式英语v文章结构非常非常重要1.注意细节30分钟300字，有些难度。v30分钟300字,有难度。应对方法：迎难而上，30分钟写到400字以上！2. 判卷人是美国人，不

11、能写中国式英语v这个教授教得很烂.误 The professor teaches badly.正 The professor is so terrible. 2. 判卷人是美国人，不能写中国式英语v我是一个中国人.误 I am a Chinese.正 I am Chinese. 2. 判卷人是美国人，不能写中国式英语v正如中国的一句俗话:笨鸟先飞.误 As an old Chinese saying goes, Stupid birds have to start flying early.“正 As an old Chinese saying goes, Clumsy birds have

12、to start flying early. 2. 判卷人是美国人，不能写中国式英语v 对不起,我把课本忘在家里了.误 Sorry, I forgot my textbook at home.正 Sorry, I left my textbook at home.3.文章结构非常非常重要v文章结构最重要！v一般是五段三点式写作，通常称为：fish bonev也就是：开头段+中间三段+结尾段4.注意细节v细节非常重要，要specific details to support your ideav三个不同角度来论证：E.g. 教师的作用vA. 好处：监督，弹性，情感作用vB. 好处：弹性，针对性，

13、个性化教学托福作文v内容大于形式切勿文过饰非，只考察语言水平，而非思想水平。v不能字数不够v基本功非常重要v文章的结构都需要仔细研磨v不能跑题v托福是体力活写作训练方法v1-5 不限时间，结构完整 300字以上v6-10 一个小时，结构完整，350以上，v11-20 半个小时，400字以上v注意：v1. 检查语法，拼写错误，跑题，表达不清楚v2. 用键盘写作我们下面从评分标准切入，逆向回溯到应试技巧Score ScalesvBecause TOEFL iBT is significantly different from the previous version of the test, th

14、e score scale is also different. The TOEFL iBT provides scores in four skill areas:vListening 030vReading 030vSpeaking 030vWriting 030vTotal Score 0120vThe total score is the sum of the four skill scores.WritingvResponses to all writing tasks also are sent to ETSs Online Scoring Network. The respons

15、es are rated by 2 to 4 certified raters on a score scale of 0 to 5. The average of the scores on the two writing tasks is converted to a scaled score of 0 to 30.vThe response to the integrated writing task is scored on the quality of writing (organization, appropriate and precise use of grammar and

16、vocabulary) and the completeness and accuracy of the content.vThe independent writing essay is scored on the overall quality of the writing: development, organization, and appropriate and precise use of grammar and vocabulary.WritingvIt is important to note that the raters recognize the responses ar

17、e first drafts. vThey do not expect test takers to produce a well-researched, comprehensive essay. vFor that reason, test takers can earn a high score with a response that contains some errors.Writing Scorev综合写作：20分钟 理想字数：150字 理想字数 3-4分v独立写作：30分钟 理想字数：350 理想字数 4-5分算分方法:( Integrated + independent)/2*

18、6托福独立写作评分标准v5分:文章切题,阐说充分,文章有说服力;段落组织有序,衔接紧密,过渡自然,有很强的逻辑性;段落内句与句连接顺畅,句式使用恰当,灵活,成熟;用词确切,得体.文章中有个别语法拼写错误,但不影响内容表达.v4分:文章切题,阐说基本充分,在某些细节上有缺陷.段落层次组织有序,衔接紧密,过渡自然,逻辑性强;句间连接顺畅,句式使用恰当,灵活;用词基本得体.文章中有少量用词不当和语法拼写错误.v3分:文章切题,阐说尚可,展开不够.段落层次组织有序,衔接紧密,过渡自然,有逻辑性;句间连接基本顺畅;有部分句法错误;用词一般,有时不得体.词性区分和拼写等有若干错误.v2分:文章切题,段落组织基本合理,有逻辑性,但只存在于语义层次上,语言表达上未能体现;句子框架结构基本成立,但有许多语法错误,句间联系不顺畅,往往是不善于使用逻辑连词,显得幼稚,生硬.词汇方面拼写错误多,常有用词不得体现象.v1分:文章切题.阐说没有展开,只限于三言两语地回答问题;没有段落组织,很乱,长度很短,只有一段;句子排列有一定的逻辑关系,能看出各句基本框架,但结构或语法错误较多;用词不得题,拼写错误多.v0分:文章各方面都有严重错误,句子不