张雪梅Intercultural-communication

1、Intercultural communicationBy Zhang XuemeiStudent NO.:201205440228 Class: 2012.2Choosing Subject: Intercultural CommunicationCourse Name: Business Knowledge Course June 2014Abstract： Intercultural communication is the communications among people from different culture backgrounds. Culture is conclud

2、ing everything in everywhere. It is the deposit of knowledge, experiences, beliefs, values, actions attitudes, meanings, hierarchies religion, nations of time, role, spatial relations, concepts of the universe and artifacts acquired by a group of people in course of generations through individual an

3、d group striving. It is omnipresent multidimensional and all pervasive. People from different culture background live far away from each other for quite a long time so that it is common for them to develop different lifestyles, different ideas on the world views and values, different abilities to ad

4、apt to life in different environments, and formed so called “ culture “in different regions and areas in the world. Therefore, when they communicating, one group of people may be affected by another group of peoples words, and feel uncomfortable, puzzled, surprised, or even shocked. Communication wi

5、th people from different cultures can be fascination or frustrating because of these differences. The confliction just couldnt be avoided in global interactions.The necessity of intercultural communication: People cannot live without Communication. Communication is everywhere. Even when they are alo

6、ne, people are bombarded with communication. Human communicationthat is, the ability to use language, the ability to exchange ideas with people around us in different cultures. Communication with others is the essence of what it means to be human. Communication which is very important to our humans

7、is the vehicle by which people initiate, maintain, and terminate their relationships with others. Like communication, culture is prevalence and has a profound effect on humans. Culture is also invisible yet pervasive. As we go about our daily lives, we do not have a great sense of our cultures influ

8、ence. Culture exist everywhere around us between different nations even different countries. Culture has a direct influence on the physical, relational and perceptual environment. Yet most of our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors are profoundly affected by different cultures.In addition to the rapid

9、 growth of modern society, People have more and more exchanges; the importance of intercultural communication is becoming more important. Intercultural communication occurs whenever a minimum of two persons from different cultures or countries come together and exchange verbal and nonverbal symbols.

10、 It can occur everywhere. For example, when we do business with people from different cultures or different countries, we need to communicate with them; we need exchange different views about the business on the matter of information. As we all known, intercultural communication is indispensable.Suc

11、cessfully communicating with someone from a different culture or different countries which is very difficult to our human requires a degree of communication competence. Most models of communication competence include an affective and behavioral component, which is indispensable in cross-cultural com

12、munication.With the rapid growth of the modern society, the benefits of the Intercultural communication are even greater. Communicating and establishing relationships with people from different cultures can lead to a whole host of benefits, including healthier communities; increased international, n

13、ational, and local commerce; reduced conflict; and personal growth through increased tolerance. Through open and honest intercultural communication, people can work together to achieve goals that benefit everyone, regardless of group or culture, including the global community in the home, business,

14、or neighborhood. Healthy communities support all community members and strive to understand, appreciate, and acknowledge each member. Our ability to interact with persons from different cultures brought us many benefits, through cross-cultural exchange, we can learn about the other countries way of

15、life, also we can understand their industry structure, thus we can do commercial exchanges and academic communication with them, the academic has No boundaries, only through the exchange, we can get more academic knowledge, our communication will be easier and there will be less conflict between peo

16、ple of different cultures.When we come together with a person from a different culture, we may feel uncertain, apprehensive and anxious. Such feelings are stressful. Hence, sometimes intercultural communication can be stressful. The good news is that we can learn and adapt to such stress and. During

17、 intercultural communication we have to keep in our mind that the communication strategies we use with persons with whom we are familiar may not be effective with persons from other cultures. Thus, we have to learn to adapt and adjust our communication style. We have to recognize that we will make m

18、istakes, learn from them, adapt, and move on. A good beginning point is to recognize that people from different cultures are differentnot better or worse, but simply different. Once we are able to do this, we can adjust and adapt out verbal and nonverbal messages accordingly and become competent int

19、eractions. Only through intercultural communication can we make our communication easier and our life rich and colorful.As we know, people live in different culture have different value, different belief, different social norm. But cultures are not standalone, they have something in common. From wha

20、t we learned, we know clearer about what I say. We know beliefs, values, and norms that are stable over time and that lead the members of a culture to behave roughly similarly across similar situations. The concepts presented offer alternative lenses through which cultures can be understand and appr

21、eciated. They provide multiple frames of reference that can be used to understand intercultural communication. The obstacles in intercultural communication: (1) The Subject Obstacles. Perception is the outside world stimulation by individuals for selecting, evaluation and organizational process. Per

22、ception and culture have close relations, there are five major social and cultural factors on developing perception plays a big effect, and these cultural factors have: faith, cultural value, system, outlook, social organization. For belief speaking, different nationalities and cultures, with differ

23、ent faiths, determines the people's value choice and judgment, and cultural values are people in make choices and resolve conflict as basis of a kind of rule system. Values are acquired, it is not common, it will be because of different cultural background and different. Also, people of many dif

24、ferent cultures have different attitude system, and the outlook, but also as the vermiform in affect people you understand. At the same time， intercultural communication both sides, inevitably will come from different social organization. The different social organizations have different organizatio

25、nal culture and this organization culture is different, also determines its members behavior standard and value judgment is different. Thus, the culture of the five factors determines the communicator of communication conveyed information perception. Due to cultural differences, make people on the s

26、ame thing described and understood have created differences, thus appeared communication obstacles. (2) Stereotype & Prejudice Stereotype: It is a conceptive thinking pattern, and it is the thinking of a too-simple and often mistaken idea about a particular group. It over-generalizes or over-sim

27、plifies the knowledge or understanding of the other groups. They tend to think that the characteristics of one certain individual are those of the whole group. They think that all the members belonging to the group will certainly share the same characteristics. They simplify everything related to th

28、e groups, and more often than not, they fan out from point to area, and lead people to nowhere. Such a thinking pattern will make us think that all the Irish are irritable and are all with red hair, and that all Jew are clever and greedy, and that all the Jews are bright and reasonable. Although the

29、y are the existing thinking patterns not all of them are correct. Therefore, the result from the stereotyping is that the diversity of the groups is totally neglected, in intercultural communication, the stereotyping thinking patterns seriously get in the way of the interacting activities. Thus, in

30、intercultural communication, people need to leap over the old time-long mode of thinking, and pay more attention to be the diversity of individuals, and finally reduce the negative influence and make the communication successful. Prejudice: It is an unfair bias against or for somebody or something,

31、an opinion based on general dislike or good feelings, rather than fact or reason. Simply prejudice is the negative attitude towards the other groups just because that people of one group know a little or nothing about the other group. Once prejudice is shaped up, it is deep-rooted, and it is very di

32、fficult for people to change. (3) Lack of empathy: Empathy refers to put yourself in to appreciate others pleasure and fortune, resulting in emotional identification ability, and lack of empathy is refers to lack the ability to produce this resonance opportunity. Cannot fully understand, evaluation,

33、 accept other's cultural differences. In cross-cultural communication should produce in empathy, the first thing to do is to each other's language and behavior on proper culture attribution. Different culture subject, if the communication from a culture of the people suffered from another cu

34、lture person offense, insulted man thinks for the sake of their own culture does not understand, offend will usually be forgiven, but if be offenders, put the cross-cultural communication obstacles attributed to the cultural background of explanation, such as considered offenders, arrogance, etc. It

35、 can create serious problems. It was the cultural attribution problem. In order to have people of many different cultures, we need to work together to face environment correct attribution, cultural perspective-taking, standing on the other side of the view of the problem. Similar cultural attributio

36、n can lead to him, people's positive comments will help us better understand each other's language and behavior.Smoothly and successfully communication: How to make business communication go smoothly and successfully? How to eliminate intercultural barriers in business communication? Firstly

37、， it is very important to deal with cultural differences correctly, recognize cultural differences, and maintain a positive attitude to intercultural communication, which is a basic requirement of the effective intercultural communication. The only way to reduce the intercultural barriers caused by

38、the cultural conflicts and promotes the relationship of communications and cooperation of both sides is to correct two sides attitudes and integrate different cultures as much as possible. Therefore, before the two sides start communications, they should better first to understand the existent diffe

39、rent cultures in various aspects of each other, and do well some relevant preparations. In various communication processes, to make the corresponding solutions needed and try to find out the rules of the communication skills, after the end of each communication. At the same time, they should pay attention to maintain their own cultural identities as well as not to infringe other's cultures. Fur