不定式,动名词用法归纳

1、1 动词不定式，动名词用法归纳 定义：是一种非限定动词，由 不定式符号to+动词原形构成。不定式具有动词的特征，同时也有名词、形 容词和副词的特征。它不受到主语的人称和数的限制，它不受 “现在、过去、将来 ”的时间限制 分类： 带 to 的不定式和不带 to 的不定式，肯定式 to + v 原形,否定式 not to +v 原形 凝问式：疑问词 + to +v 原形 1. 作主语 To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 2. It takes sb sometime

2、to do sth=sb spend sometime doing sth 有以下三种句型： 句型（ 1） 不定式短语 + 谓语动词 句型（ 2） Its + 形容词 （人的 品质特征 ）+ of 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语 Its + 形容词 （事情性质 ） + for 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语 It s foolish/clever/kind of you to do this. It s important for you to learn English well. 晚上睡得太晚对你的健康有害 _ 要他戒烟是不可能的。 _ - 你和他那样（like that）说话真是太傻了。 fooli

3、sh 2作宾语 （位于及物动词后 ）I forgot to turn the oven on. 1）有如下动词： agree, ask, begin， decide, expect, forget, hate, hope， learn, like, love, offer, prefer ， refuse, start, try, want, wish ， pretend, hope to do sth. hope sb. to do sth.（x ） hope that + 从句 2）主语 + 谓语动词 + it + 形容词 + 不定式 I find it important to stud

4、y English well. 我们认为说谎（tell a lie）是不对的。 我发现不可能在三天内把那项工作完成。 3作宾补 （位于宾语后 ）Will you help me plant this tree, please? 1） get, ask, order, like, want, tell, know, help +sb. to do sth. 2） make, let （使役动词） ,see, watch, hear （感官动词），have, feel, notice, listen to, please+sb. do sth. Why not + v 原形 had better+

5、 v 原形 see, watch, hear （感官动词）+sb. doing 强调状态（动作正在发生） see, watch, hear （感官动词）+sb. do 强调动作（经常或已经发生）但是，这种句子改为被动语态的时候，除 let 外，应该改用带 to 的不定式。2 be made/seen/watched/heard to do sth. 4不定式短语作定语时，必须放在名词 ,代词的后面，作后置定语 3 He has a lot of questions to ask. 你有一些吃的东西吗？ Do you have anything to eat? Beijing is a good

6、 place to go sightseeing. 这是解决这个问题的最好办法。 5.作表语( (位于 be 动词后) ) Disney gsreatest wish was to be a famous artist. 她的梦想是当一名歌手 . _ 我们的计划就是在两星期内完成这项工作。 _ 6. 作状语 (位于不及物动词后 ,形容词 be glad/happy/sorry/afaid 等后 ) He ran for a long time and stopped to have a rest. Im sorry to be late for school. He is afraid to

7、go out at night. 7. 疑问词 +不定式 I dont know what to do. / how to do it. /where to go /what to buy for him. /Why/when to leave. 疑问代词 who, what, which 和疑问副词 when, where, why 等后面加上不定式 to,构成的一种不定式短语， 可以在句子中作主语、宾语和表语等。 8. 有关用不定式改写句子 A.so/suchthat+ 否定从句可与 too .to/not enough to 转换 She was so tierd that she co

8、uld not stand _ She wastoo tired to stand. This coat is so small that she cant wear. _ This coat is not big enough for her to wear. Would you tell me which way ( I should )take? _ Would you tell me which way to take. 动名词 肯定式 doing，否定式 not doing No smoking No talking 1. 做主语 :Eating too muchis bad for

9、 your health. 2. 做宾语:1) 做动词宾语.女口:like doing/ enjoying doing /finish doing /stop doing / mind doing /spend doing /practice doing /consider doing /forget doing /remember doing 2) 做介词宾语 :go on doing /keep on doing / without doing / thanks for doing /end up doing /give up doing / what /how about doing 3. 位于形容词后 :be bus