Lecture 1 古希腊罗马神话 英文版 教学课件

1、Lecturer: Peng Xiaoling (彭晓玲)MythologyRomanClassical Greek and3. Final exam: 50%participation: 40%2. Class10%1. Class attendance:Evaluation:Requirement and Evaluationafter class3. Extensive readingclassparticipation in the2. Activeattendance1. PunctualRequirement:About the Course Course Description

2、Recommended ReadingCourse DescriptionGreek and Roman mythology one of the three origins of western culturehaving enormous influence upon western literature, arts, astronomy, social lifeTherefore, there is some truth in the saying that without certain knowledge of Greek and Roman mythology, one can n

3、ever fully understand and appreciate western culture. (eg. literature, arts, character)Significance of the CourseLanguagevchaoticvmartialvPrometheanvunder the aegis ofvJupiter laughs at lovers perjuries.vFar from Jupiter, far from thunder.vWithout Ceres and Bacchus, Venus grows cold.Literaturev Shak

4、espeare (1564-1616)v Troilus and Cressida (tragedy)v Venus and Adonis (poem)Literaturev Shelley (1792-1822)v Prometheus Unboundv Hymn of Apollov Hymn of Panv AdonisvKeatsvEndymionvOde to PsychevJames JoycevUlysses(Odyssey)vB. ONeillvMourning Becomes Electra(Oresteia)LiteraturevGeorge Bernard Shaw vP

5、ygmalion原型理论(Myth Archetype Theory )Plato (427-347 BCE) discussed his Forms, postulating that all objects have an ideal form or structure. In particular, he taught that these Forms were pure or perfect objects of mathematical or other conceptual knowledge. He felt that these pure forms existed only

6、in the realm of knowledge and never in the reality of human everyday existence.Individual things in the realm of appearance are beautiful only insofar as they participate in, correlate with, or approach in structure these universal Forms of Beauty.原型理论(Myth Archetype Theory )Karl Jung (1875-1961) to

7、ok the concept of Platos Forms further and presented his own Theory of Archetypes.In Jungian Psychology an Archetype is an unconscious idea, pattern of thought, image, etc., inherited from the ancestors of the race and universally present in individual psyches.In simpler terms we could basically ref

8、er to an archetype as an instinct.That is, in essence, an instinctual idea, pattern of thought, image, etc., inherited from the ancestors of the race and universally present in individual psyches.We now believe that the image of the ideal human face is indeed an Archetype; a subconscious image which

9、 we are born with and carry throughout our lives. This archetype has evolved in order to help us identify members of our own species and further sort members of our species according to their relative health and ability to successfully reproduce and to provide other resources to us and those who are

10、 close to us. So they think the structural element of literature is myth, and it is myth that forms the archetype symbol of different literature types.1、女性神话原型 前俄林波斯神系 2、男性神话原型 俄林波斯神系3、英雄原型 希腊神话以很大篇幅讲述英雄的故事。 形成西方文学史的英雄主题： 希腊神话英雄中世纪骑士英雄文艺复兴贵族英雄17世纪古典英雄19世纪前期平民英雄19世纪后期心理实验英雄20世纪现代反英雄4、漂流原型 奥德修斯的故事 开创西

11、方文学的旅程文学传统。 奥德赛埃涅阿斯纪中世纪骑士的旅程传奇神曲旅程小说堂吉诃德鲁滨逊漂流记巨人传哈克贝利芬历险记20世纪漫游小说5、寻找原型 伊阿宋寻找金羊毛 古希腊神话寻找金羊毛中世纪骑士传奇寻找圣杯文艺复兴时期巨人传寻找神瓶，流浪汉小说寻找父亲和争取生存权利19世纪俄国文学探求真理，寻找出路，托尔斯泰战争与和平安娜卡列尼娜复活20世纪文学寻找自我和寻找精神理想(美)索尔贝娄 雨王亨德森6、父子冲突原型 俄狄浦斯王杀父娶母 父子冲突原型构成西方文学史的父亲主题，反映父权文化权威与反权威之间的矛盾冲突。 古希腊神话子夺父位，杀父娶母莎士比亚哈姆雷特17世纪戏剧嘲笑、讽刺父亲，莫里哀伪君子19

12、世纪嘲笑、仇视父亲，司汤达红与黑，巴尔扎克高老头20世纪文学报复追杀父亲，如法国罗伯-格里耶橡皮7、母子冲突原型 俄瑞斯特斯杀母（阿伽门农的二女儿厄勒克特拉仇恨母亲杀死了父亲，鼓动弟弟俄瑞斯特斯杀死母亲）厄勒克特拉情结 古希腊神话母恨子、子杀母哈姆雷特怨恨母亲20世纪文学的畸形母爱，英国劳伦斯儿子与情人 哈姆雷特母子冲突.asx8、两性冲突原型 美狄亚对丈夫伊阿宋的报复 两性冲突原型形成西方文学史上的弃妇主题和平权主题。 古希腊神话两大神系矛盾文艺复兴女性智慧的故事 薄伽丘十日谈18世纪英国笛福摩尔弗兰德斯19世纪傲慢与偏见简爱娜娜安娜卡列尼娜玩偶之家20世纪英国劳伦斯小说 美狄亚复仇.asx

13、神话原型神话原型内容内容性质性质女性神话原型前俄林波斯神话女性在审美层面和现实中的矛盾男性神话原型俄林波斯神话男权文化的统治意识英雄原型半神半人英雄西方人英勇无畏的征服欲望漂流原型奥德修斯漂流旅程冒险传奇寻找原型寻找金羊毛、父亲追求物质与理性父子冲突原型俄狄浦斯王杀父权利冲突母子冲突原型俄瑞斯特斯杀母男女冲突两性冲突原型美狄亚男女不平等二二 希腊神话原型希腊神话原型Saturn: God of agriculture and father of JupiterAstronomyUrsa MajorConstellationUrsa MinorConstellationLyraConstella

14、tionHerculesConstellationOrion ConstellationArtsDa Vinci, 1506a 16 C. copy after a lost painting by Michelangelo, 1530 (National Gallery, London) Leda and the Swan ArtsJacopo Carucci Pontormo 1512-13 意大利佛罗伦萨乌斐兹美术馆.jpg大理石雕塑大理石雕塑 希腊古典时期希腊古典时期v Apollo Programv Poseidon Submarinev Trident I & II mis

15、sileOther AspectsRecommended Readingv希腊罗马神话一百篇希腊罗马神话一百篇（英汉对照）（英汉对照）陶洁等选译，陶洁等选译，中国对外翻译出版公司中国对外翻译出版公司 1989v古希腊神话古希腊神话（英汉对照）（英汉对照）折鸿雁译，折鸿雁译，西北工业大学出版社西北工业大学出版社 1999v希腊罗马神话希腊罗马神话（英文）（英文）常耀信编注，常耀信编注，外语教学与研究出版社外语教学与研究出版社 1981v古希腊罗马神话古希腊罗马神话（中英文）托马斯中英文）托马斯布尔芬奇著；贾雪译，布尔芬奇著；贾雪译，中国书籍出版社中国书籍出版社 2013v希腊神话中的主神希腊神话

16、中的主神 （英文）毛立群，黎凡编著，复旦大英文）毛立群，黎凡编著，复旦大学出版社学出版社 2009v希腊古典神话希腊古典神话（中文）（中文）(德德)古斯塔夫古斯塔夫施瓦布著；施瓦布著；曹乃曹乃云译，云译，译林出版社，译林出版社，1995Introduction to Mythology What is MythologyMythsFairy TalesFables后羿射日黄帝的故事大禹治水Commonplace Definition stories of a particular culture that it believes to be true and that feature a sp

17、ecific religious or belief system a collection of stories belonging to a group of people, which addresses their origin, history and heroes the projection of human images into the infinite unknown; or, the expression of religious meaning through stories and symbols Basic Points Mythology is the primi

18、tives childish understanding of the world and life. Mythology is the combination of primitive life and primitive religion. Mythology is handed down orally from generation to generation.ZeusHeraAthenaApolloArtemisAphroditeAresHephaestusHermesDemeterDionysusPoseidonHadesPersephoneErosJupiterJunoMinerv

19、a ApolloDianaVenusMarsVulcanMercuryCeresBacchusNeptunePlutoProserpinaCupid 宙斯宙斯赫拉赫拉雅典娜雅典娜阿波罗阿波罗阿耳特弥斯阿耳特弥斯阿弗洛迪特阿弗洛迪特阿瑞斯阿瑞斯赫菲斯托斯赫菲斯托斯赫尔墨斯赫尔墨斯德墨特耳德墨特耳狄俄尼索斯狄俄尼索斯波塞冬波塞冬哈得斯哈得斯珀耳塞福涅珀耳塞福涅厄洛斯厄洛斯朱庇特朱庇特朱诺朱诺密涅瓦密涅瓦阿波罗阿波罗迪安娜迪安娜维纳斯维纳斯马尔斯马尔斯伏尔甘伏尔甘墨丘利墨丘利克瑞斯克瑞斯巴克斯巴克斯涅普顿涅普顿普路同普路同普洛塞庇娜普洛塞庇娜丘比特丘比特Zeus zju:sHera hirAthen

20、a i:nApollo pluArtemis :timisAphrodite .frdaitiAres ri:zHephaestus hifi:stsHermes h:mi:zDemeter dimi:tDionysus .dainaissPoseidon psaidnHades heidi:zPersephone p:sefniEros ersJupiter du:pitJuno du:nuMinerva min:vApollo pluDiana dainVenus vi:nsMars m:zVulcan vlknMercury m:kjuriCeres siri:z Bacchus bks

21、Neptune neptju:nPluto plu:tuProserpina prs:pinCupid kju:pidTeaching PlanFinal Exam: in Week 16 (not finally decided) of Odysseus (3 classes)Part IV: The Adventuresclasses)Part III: The Trojan War (3mythology (5 classes)Part II: Heroes inmythology (3 classes)Part I: The gods in坦巨神与其他次要神祗)gods and god

22、desses (提3. The Titans and other林匹斯诸神)2. The Olympian Gods (奥wars in the heaven(众神的起源) and the two1. The origin of the godsmythology (众神)Part I: The gods inThe 1st Lecture混沌（男神）卡厄斯黑夜之神（女神）尼克斯大地女神（女神） 盖亚地下的黑暗之神（女神） 俄瑞波斯天神（男神）乌拉诺斯库克罗普斯独眼巨人族十二泰坦百手三巨人赫卡同刻伊瑞斯复仇女神巨人种族墨利亚神女忒弥斯俄刻阿诺斯克洛诺斯瑞亚奥林匹斯诸神奥林匹斯诸神原始的神灵原始

23、的神灵The origin of the gods called the Titans. (提坦巨神)producing children who wereGaea mated with Uranus,and heaven. (天神乌拉诺斯)who became king of the skyto Caelus (Uranus/Ouranos),Gaea immediately gave birth(Gaea), the earth. (地母该亚)From Chaos came Terraall things (混沌之神)the god Chaos: the source of(天王星, 太阳

24、系第七大行星)Caelus (Uranus)Terra (Gaea)ChaosThe origin of the gods was born.love, beauty and fertility (多产),Aphrodite, goddess of sexualFrom the bloody foam (泡沫),into the sea.sexual organs and threw themsickle (镰刀) and cut off hisCronus attacked him with aprevented them from being born.Caelus feared his

25、children andin Roman Myth 萨图恩,土星)and most important Titan (SaturnCronus (克洛诺斯): the youngestThe 1st Wartheir birth.Poseidon, immediately afterDemeter, Hera, Hades, andfive children Hestia, But he swallowed his firstsons.three daughters and three(Rhea瑞亚), who bore him He married his sister Opsand bec

26、ame king of the sky.Titans from inside Terra, Cronus then freed the otherThe 2nd WarThwhile inside their father.who had grown into adultsCronus to vomit his children, By using a trick, he causedchallenge his father. After he grew up, he returned tobaby on the island of Crete.baby clothes, while hidi

27、ng theCronus a stone wrapped inwas born, Ops (Rhea) handed However, when the sixth, Zeus,Zeusthere became known as Olympians.The gods and goddesses who livedOlympus, in northern Greece.ruler and lived with them on MountThen Zeus was chosen as their洛斯,冥界的最深处).deep within the Underworld (塔耳塔Titans to

28、Tartarus, a dark regionThey won the war, driving theTitans.a war against Cronus and the otherZeus led his brothers and sisters inThe 2nd WarThinterment: (-ment) 埋葬，葬礼inter: (in-入内, ter = terr) 入土，埋葬terrestrial: (-ial 的) 地球上的，陆上的的，地中海Mediterranean: (medi-中间) 被陆地包围田terrace: (-ace名词后缀) 平台，阳台梯exterritor

29、ial: (ex-外) 治外法权的territorial: (-al的) 领土的territory: (-ory名词后缀) 领土，领地terr = earth, land 表示“土地”Terra: 地母Vocabularychaos 混乱，混沌（宇宙未形成前的情形混乱，混沌（宇宙未形成前的情形and peace of Romes mythical Golden Age.Saturn, for it appears to evoke the prosperitythe Saturnalia is an appropriate festival toof gift giving, feasting

30、, and merriment. Indeed,celebrated during the winter, and it was a timeSaturn - the Saturnalia. This festival wasThere was even a Roman festival named afteragriculture.was thought of as a god of fertility andhow to farm the land. For this reason Saturnagriculture to his people by teaching themAccord

31、ing to the myth, Saturn introduced下劳动，受到主人的殷勤招待。日在冬至前后，罗马人纵情欢庆，奴仆和长工们停那里成了农神撒图恩，他的节日被称作农神节。节按照罗马神话传说,克洛诺斯逃到意大利地界，在Saturn: SaturdayVocabularyThe Olympian Gods（奥林匹斯诸神）The Olympians were 12 in number.Zeus(宙斯宙斯): the god of the sky. Hera(赫拉赫拉): the goddess of marriage and childbirth.Poseidon(波塞冬波塞冬): th

32、e god of the sea,protector. Hades(哈迪斯哈迪斯): the god the dead andwealth.Hestia(赫斯提亚赫斯提亚): the goddess of the Hearth(灶台).Ares(阿瑞斯阿瑞斯): the god of war.Hermes(赫尔墨斯赫尔墨斯): the god of thieves and commerce. Hephaestus(赫斯菲托斯赫斯菲托斯): the god of fire and the forge(熔炉). Apollo(阿波罗阿波罗): the god of light.Artemis(阿尔

33、忒弥斯阿尔忒弥斯): the goddess of chastity,virginity,the hunt, the moon,and the natural environment. Athena(雅典娜雅典娜): the Greek virgin goddess of reason, intelligent activity,arts and literature.Aphrodite(阿弗洛狄德阿弗洛狄德): the goddess of love,desire and beauty.Zeus. -波塞冬earthquakes; brother ofGod of the sea andPo

34、seidon (Neptune 尼普顿):protector of married women.marriage and childbirth;the gods; goddess ofHera (Juno 朱诺): Queen ofhis sister Hera.of the gods, married withZeus (Jupiter 朱庇特): Rulernumber.The Olympians were 12 in)The Olympian Gods (B. lustful and lecherousmercyA. the god of justice andTwo very diff

35、erent images:树) were sacred to him.The eagle and the oak tree (橡thunderbolt (闪电).weapons were thunder andAs a sky and weather god, hisknowingZeus: all-powerful and all-Zeus(Heracles).and to Alcmene as her own husbandDanae as a shower of gold (Perseus),(twins: Helen and Polydeuces), to(three sons), t

36、o Leda as a swanHe came to Europa as a white bullhe frequently disguised himself.When he approached mortal women,Artemis, Hermes, and Dionysus.became the father of Athena, Apollo,In his affairs with the former, hegoddesses and mortal women.numerous love affairs withAs a faithless husband, he hasZeus

37、: the universal loverPluto (冥王星)Naptune (海王星)Uranus (天王星)Saturn (土星)Jupiter (木星)Mars (火星)Earth (地球)Venus (金星)Mercury (水星)solar system:Nine planets of the格词形容圣诞老人的性心情快活的，常用该 jovial: 脾气随和的，调)By Jove! (表惊讶或强 Jove: Jupiter 的别称，威严、高傲或冷峻的 olympian: 如天神般VocabularyHera: a furious and revengeful wifeHcompani

38、on, bore Ares and Hebe.5. Hera - became his permanentand Artemis.4. Leto - bore the twins, Apollowho became the Muses.3. Titaness - bore nine childrenEunomia, Horae, and Fates.2. Themis - bore Dike, Eirene,wife and she bore Athena.1. Metos (wisdom)- was his firstbore him many children.Zeus had a num

39、ber of wives whowith 100 eyes to watch over her.gift and then ordered Argus, a giantyoung cow, but Hera asked for it as aZeus changed her into a beautifulwas turned out of the palace.began to have horrible dreams and sheWhen Zeus fell in love with her sheof Argos (阿耳戈斯国王的女儿).Io (伊娥): the daughter of

40、 Inachus, kingZeus mistresses and their children.She bitterly hated and cruelly treatedmarried Heracles.fire; Hebe, goddess of youth, whoof war; Hephaestus (Vulcan), god ofHer children included Ares (Mars), godprotector of married womenHera: the goddess of marriage and theHera: a furious and revenge

41、ful wifeEpahus, the ancestor of many kings.In Egypt, Io gave birth to a son,woman.where Zeus changed her back into aearth, until she found peace in Eygpt,Io and forced her to wander over theBut the gadfly continued to tormentand killed the giant.closed, Hermes produced a swordAfter he fall asleep wi

42、th all his eyesbegan to play his lyre.Hermes came close to him, andZeus sent Hermes to kill Argus.to sting her continuously.Besides, she also sent a gadfly (牛虻)Heras revengetime for it to be born.Dionysus and hid him in his thigh (大腿) until it wasHowever, Zeus was able to rescue her unborn child,burned to ashes by the lightning from him.Then as she gazed at Zeus in all his glory, she washe was very sad, but could not break his promise.But when he was told what she wanted him to do,“Could you do me