英语句子成分分析ppt课件

1、1句子成分句子成分定义定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有分。句子成分有主要成分主要成分和和次要成分次要成分；主要成分主要成分：主语和谓语：主语和谓语次要成分次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语补足语、同位语21. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语3主语（主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano. She we

2、nt out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. （名词）（名词） （代词）（代词） （数词）（数词）（不定式）（不定式） （动名词）（动名词） （名词化的形容词（名词化的形容词） （句子）（句子）4找出句中主语找出句中主语The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time in h

3、istory. The poor are now living in the shelter. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. He likes dancing. What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（名词）（名词） （代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（动名词）（动名词） （不定式）（不定式） （句子）（句子）(名词化的形容词）名词化的形容词）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）形式主语，主语从句是真正

4、主语）5谓语谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语简单谓语:由由动词动词或或动词词组动词词组组成组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语复合谓语 由由情态动词或助动词情态动词或助动词+动词动词; He can speak English well. She doesnt seem to like dancing 6 英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，分成不及物动英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，分成不及物动词与和及物动词。词与和及物动词。 及物动词及物动词(vt.)

5、 ： 及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。 如：如： He reached Paris . 不及物动词（不及物动词（vi. ）：不及物动词后不能：不及物动词后不能 直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要 跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。 如如: Look! She is singing. Look at me carefully!7 类似的还有：类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belon

6、g, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed.8误：误：deal a problem正：正：deal with a problem 处理问题处理问题误：误：depend sb.正：正：depend on sb. 依靠（依赖）某人依靠（依赖）某人误：误：insist doing sth.正：正：insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事坚持要做某事易误用作及物动词的易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词：个不及物动词：9误：误：knock the door正：正：knock on at the door 敲门敲门

7、误：误：operate sb.正：正：operate on sb. 为某人做手术为某人做手术误：误：participate sth.正：正：participate in sth. 参加某事参加某事误：误：refer sth.正：正：refer to sth. 查阅（参考查阅（参考)某物某物 10误：误：rely sb. / sth.正：正：rely on sb. / sth. 依靠（依赖）某人依靠（依赖）某人 某物某物误：误：reply a letter正：正：reply to a letter 回信回信11Show your passport, please. She didnt say a

8、nything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said? （名词（名词 ）( 代词）代词）(数词数词)(名词化的形容词名词化的形容词)(三三)宾语宾语动作的对象或承受者动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语及物动词或介词的宾语（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（句子）（句子）12 宾语分为宾语分为直接宾语直接宾

9、语和和间接宾语间接宾语. He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.13常见跟双宾语动词 可接双宾语的38个常用动词 (1) 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词 award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人 bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人 hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 lend sb. sth. =

10、 lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人 mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人 owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物14 pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱） post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人 return sb. sth. = return sth.

11、 to sb. 把某物还给某人 send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人 sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人 serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看 take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人15 (2) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词 book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物 buy sb. s

12、th. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物 choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物 cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物 fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物16 find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物 fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物 get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物 make sb. sth. =

13、make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物 order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物 pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物 prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物 save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物 sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物（歌） spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物 steal sb. st

14、h. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物17（四）表语（四）表语在在系动词系动词后的部分就是表语后的部分就是表语The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite myself today.That remains a puzzle.1. I dont feel at ease. 18系动词系动词1）状态系动词状态系动词（be动词）动词） 例如：例如： He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词持续系动词 keep, remain, stay 例如：例如： He alwa

15、ys kept silent at the meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。他开会时总保持沉默。3）表像系动词表像系动词 seem, appear, look, 例如：例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。他看起来很累。 194）感官系动词感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste 例如：例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。这种布手感很软。5）变化系动词变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如：例如： He became mad

16、 after that. 自那之后，他疯了。自那之后，他疯了。6）终止系动词终止系动词 prove, turn out, 表达表达“证实证实”，“变成变成”之意之意例如：例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。这谣言证实有假。注意：系动词不用于被动语态注意：系动词不用于被动语态. .20（五）定语（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel factory. There are 54students in our class. D

17、o you know bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. His spoken language is good.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(过去分词过去分词)21定语后置：定语后置：如果定语是由如果定语是由一个单词一个单词表示时，通常要前置。表示时，通常要前置。而由而由一个词组或一个句子一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is his sister.The girl standing under the tree is his d

18、aughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?22 （六）状语（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to

19、 see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting.23 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. （六）宾语补足语（六）宾语补足语有些有些及物动词及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动