九年级英语复习被动语态及助动词人教四年制版

1、九年级英语九年级英语复习被动语态及助动词复习被动语态及助动词人教四年制版人教四年制版【同步教育信息同步教育信息】一. 本周教学内容：复习被动语态及助动词二. 重点、难点：（一）被动语态1. 语态的分类：英语动词除了有时态之外，还有语态表示主语和谓语的不同关系，如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态，如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词则用被动语态，动作的执行者用“by”引入的短语表示，但往往被省略。此时动作的对象则充当了被动语态的句中的主语。如：The boy broke the window . 那个男孩把玻璃打碎了。（主动语态）The window was broken by the boy

2、 . 这个玻璃窗被那个男孩打碎了。（被动语态）2. 被动语态的构成： “助动词 be+（及物动词的）过去分词”构成动词被动语态的形式，助动词 be 有人称，数和时态的变化，其变化规则与 be 作为系动词的变化完全一样。3. 被动语态的用法：（1）不知道谁是动作的执行者时。如：My watch was stolen . 我的手表被窃。This jacket is made of cotton . 这件夹克是棉制的。（2）没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时。如：This hat was made in China . 这顶帽子是中国制作的。The bicycles must not be put

3、 here . 这儿不准放车。（3）强调或突出动作的承受者时。如：The letter was posted . 信发了。He cannot be relied on . 他不可靠。（4）出于礼貌措词等原因不愿说出动作的执行者时。如：Anyone who sees the lion is asked to telephone the zoo and the police .有谁看见这只狮子，请给动物园和警方打电话。You are wished to do it more carefully .希望你认真一点做。（5）为使句子结构简练，紧凑，上下连贯，也即出于行文的需要。如：When he wa

4、s still a young man , he was forced to leave his home land for political reasons .他年轻时，就由于政治原因被迫离开了祖国。Lenin often talked to his comrades and was always listened to attentively .列宁经常和同志们谈话，同志们总是留心听他说。（6）在文章标题、广告、新闻等中常用省略助动词 be 的被动语态。如：Telephone call placed .（TCP）电话接通了。（省略了 has been）Girls Wanted . 招女工

5、。（广告用语，省略了 are）Road Blocked . 道路堵塞。（新闻报道省略 is） 4. 主动语态与被动语态的转换：把主动语态的结构变为被动语态结构时，要做如下的变动：（1）主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语。（2）主动结构中的谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态结构中的谓语动词（be+动词的过去分词）（3）主动结构中的主语变为介词“by”的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。若动作的执行者无须说明或不必强调时，by 组成的短语就可省略。（4）主动语态变被动语态时，时态要保持一致。（5）含有直接宾语和间接宾语的主动结构，变为被动结构时，可以将其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，另

6、一个不动。一般是将主动结构中的间接宾语变为被动结构中的主语，这样句子显得自然一些。 主动句：Most people love pop songs . 大多数人都喜欢流行歌曲。 主语 谓语 宾语被动句：Pop songs are loved by most people . 主语 谓语 宾语 主动句：Did Johnson write the letter himself ? 约翰逊自己写的信吗？ 主语 谓语 宾语 同位语被动句：Was the letter written by Johnson himself ? 主语 谓语 宾语 同位语 主动句：When did they finish th

7、e work ? 他们什么时间完成这活儿的？状语 主语谓语 宾语When was the work finished by them ?状语 主语 谓语 宾语注意：注意： 含有直接宾语和间接宾语时，一般把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾语保留不动。常见的能接双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的词有give，show，bring，lend，send 等，这些词与介词 to 搭配。还有 buy，make，draw 等，这些词与介词 for 搭配。 如：We gave them some books . 我们给他们一些书。They were given some books .（变间接宾语为主

8、语）Some books were given（to）them .（变直接宾语为主语） 含有宾语补足语的句子，宾语变为主语后，宾语补足语变成主语补足语，原来的位置一般不变。但如果宾语补足语是不带 to 的动词不定式，句子变成被动语态后则要加to，以便将两个动词隔开。如：We keep food cold in the fridge . 我们用电冰箱保鲜食品。 Food is kept cold in the fridge .Every day the tiger made one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat .老虎每天强迫

9、一个小动物给他带点吃的东西来。 Every day one of the smaller animals was made to bring the tiger something to eat . 短语动词的被动语态：短语动词在主动结构中是一个不可分割的词组，在被动结构中也是如此，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。如：The nurse takes good care of the children . 护士很好地照顾小孩。The children are taken good care of by the nurse . 孩子们受到护士很好的照顾。The Partys policy has bee

10、n successfully carried out . 党的政策得以很好地贯彻。A notice will be put up on the wall . 墙上将贴一张布告。All applications should be handed in before Saturday .所有申请书应在星期六以前交上来。This question has been much talked about recently .这问题最近谈论得很多。The English evening has been put off till Friday .英语晚会已延期到星期五举行。（二）助动词1. 助动词 be

11、的形式和用法：（1）形式：be 有 8 种形式：be，am，is，are，was，were，being，been（2）用法：“be+现在分词”构成进行时态。如：You are working hard today . 你们今天干得很努力。What have you been doing these days ? 这几天来你在干什么？“be+过去分词”构成被动语态。如：A new computer has been bought by the office . 办公室已购买了一台新电脑。Such books are written for children . 这种书是为儿童写的。 与形容词、名

12、词、代词，从句等构成“系+表”结构。如：The cat is very big . 这猫挺大的。They are my friends . 他们是我的朋友。“be+动词不定式”构成谓语。如：The new text seems to be easy , but actually , it is rather difficult .这篇新课文好像很容易，其实相当难。These books are not to be taken out of the room . 这些书不得带出室外。 2. 助动词 have 的形式和用法（1）形式：have，has，had（过去式），having，had（过去分

13、词）（2）用法： 与过去分词构成各种完成时。如：Weve known each other since 1987 . 我们从 1987 年起就互相熟悉了。Hes been to Shanghai . 他去过上海。We had not seen each since I left Beijing . 自从我离开北京，我们就没见过面。 和动词不定式连用构成谓语，表示因客观环境，促使不得不做的事。如：The bus has left , and if we want to catch the train , well have to take a taxi .公交车开走了，假如想赶上那趟火车，我们不

14、得不打的。注意：注意：have 还可用作实义动词，表示“有”，“吃”等含义。Would you like to have some beer ? 你想喝点啤酒吗？Were having breakfast . 我们还在吃早饭。 3. 助动词 do 的形式和用法： （1）形式：do，does，did（2）用法： 构成一般现在时和一般过去时疑问句。如：Do you know what they are talking about ? 你知道他们在谈论什么吗？What time do you usually get up ? 你通常几点钟起床？How did you cut it ? 你是怎么切的？

15、 构成一般现在时和一般过去时的否定句。如：He didnt come to school last Monday . 上星期一他没来上学。He doesnt want to go there , neither do they . 他不想去那儿，他们也不想。I dont know his number . 我不知道他的电话号码。 代替前面刚出现的动词，以避免重复。如： Do you learn English ? Yes , I do . 你学习英语吗？是的，我学习英语。This material looks nice . So does that one . 这料子看来很好。那种也很好。 用

16、于加强语气，表示强调（多用于肯定式中）。如：Do come and join us . 一定要来参加我们的活动。I do think you are right . 我的确认为你是对的。I do like you . 我真的喜欢你。注意：注意：do 还可用实义动词，表示“做、干”等含义。They went out to do some shopping . 他们外出买东西去了。Would you please do me a favour ? 你愿帮我一个忙吗？4. 助动词 should / will 的形式和用法：（1）形式：shall，should，will，would（2）用法：“sha

17、ll / will+动词原形”，构成一般将来时，表示将来意义。shall 用于单复数第一人称，will 可用于所有人称。在今日英语中，shall 常被 will 替代。如：Will you close the door , please ? 请关上门好吗？Shall I get you a taxi ? 我给你叫辆出租车好吗？“should / would +动词原形”，构成过去将来时。should 作为“shall”的过去形式，用于单、复数第一人称；would 作为“will”的过去式，可用于各人称。They said that they would finish it soon . 他们说

18、很快就要做完了。I said I should go to town . 我说我要进城去。注意：注意：will 表示某种倾向或习惯性动作The door wont shut . 门关不上Fish will die out of water . 鱼离开水不能活。【模拟试题模拟试题】 （答题时间：50 分钟）一. 单项选择：1. Jack bought useful book . book is also very interesting . A. an ; The B. a ; The C. an ; A D. a ; A2. May I use your pencil sharpener ?

19、Yes . I have two , and you can use of them . A. every B. all C. any D. either 3. Your digital camera is quite nice . Where did you buy ? I want to buy , too . A. it ; one B. it ; it C. one ; one D. one ; it 4. “ Please keep in the library , ” the librarian said to us . A. quiet ; quiet B. quietly ;

20、quietly C. quietly ; quiet D. quiet ; quietly 5. The doctors not only saved their but also made their a new start . A. lives ; lives B. life ; life C. lives ; life D. life ; lives 6. The police coming . Did you hear the report ? A. are ; policemen B. are ; policemens C. is ; policemens D. is ; polic

21、emen7. an athlete , Im looking forward the 2008 Olympic Games . A. For ; at B. Of ; to C. With ; for D. As ; to 8. With the help of computers , news can every corner of the world . A. reach B. arrive C. get D. come9. I didnt get up on time this morning because my alarm clock didnt . A. go out B. tak

22、e out C. go off D. take off 10. Have all the students known that out class will have a quiz this afternoon ? Yes . Every student about it . A. told B. was told C. tells D. has told 11. May I go now ? No , you . You stay here . A. neednt ; have to B. neednt ; must C. mustnt ; has to D. mustnt ; must

23、12. I really dont know next . A. how to do B. what to do it C. what to do D. how to do about it 13. If you want to talk in English , you must often practise English . A. speak B. to speak C. speaking D. spoke 14. She didnt tell me .A. which room did he live inB. which floor he lived on C. which room

24、 he livedD. he lived in which room 15. The thief had stolen my wallet I realized that .A. before B. the moment C. while D. but二. 完形填空：Recently in Greece many parents complained about the difficult homework 1 teachers gave to their children . The parents said most of the homework was a waste of time

25、, and they wanted to 2 it . Spain and Turkey are two 3 which stopped homework recently . In Denmark , Germany and several other countries in Europe , 4 cannot set homework on weekends . In Holland , teachers allow pupils to 5 at school to do their homework . The children are free to help one 6 . Sim

26、ilar arrangements also 7 in some British schools .Most parents agree that homework is unfair . A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and comfortable room is in a much 8 place than a pupil who does his homework in a small , noisy room 9 the television on . Some parents help their children with t

27、heir homework , while others 10 .1. A. whatB. whichC. whoD. whose2. A. doB. haveC. stopD. finish3. A. countriesB. citiesC. teachersD. pupils4. A. pupilsB. parentsC. studentsD. teachers5. A. stayB. sleepC. playD. live6. A. each otherB. anotherC. the otherD. others7. A. existB. exitC. expectD. except8

28、. A. worseB. betterC. goodD. bad9. A. ofB. withoutC. andD. with10. A. arentB. cantC. dontD. doesnt三. 阅读理解：AAs I was leaving to meet Lynne , my roommate told me that Id better take some money , but I didnt listen to him . I thought that Lynne would pay because she had invited me .I arrived at the res

29、taurant exactly on time . Id been told that Americans expect you to be on time . Lynne and I sat at a table in the corner of the restaurant and a waitress came and took our order .The dinner was a great success . I talked a lot about Saudi Arabia and Lynne told me all about herself . After two hours

30、 the waitress finally came and asked if we wanted one check or two . Lynne said two . We went to the cashier and Lynne paid her check . I was embarrassed when the cashier gave me my bill . I had no money to pay for my meal . Then I had an idea . I pretended to look for something in my pockets and sa

31、id , “ Oh ! I forgot my money ! Can I call my roommate , please ? ” “ The cashier showed me where the phone was and I quickly called my roommate . In a few minutes he arrived with some money , but he couldnt hide how he felt . He laughed all the way home . ”Now , I think its funny too , but at the t

32、ime I was terribly embarrassed . I thought that an invitation to have dinner meant the same thing in the United States as in my country . I guess you have to understand that your customs are only your customs . When you visit a foreign country , you have to learn about their customs , too .1. The wr

33、iters roommate advised the writer to take some money with him .A. to pay for the meal B. to share the cost of the mealC. to invite Lynne to dinner D. to pay the checks 2. The roommate laughed all the way home because .A. the writer was embarrassed when he couldnt pay his check B. the writer telephon

34、ed him to bring some money to him C. the writer hadnt told Lynne the truth D. the writer would not listen to him when he left the house 3. The writer and Lynne .A. enjoyed their meal very muchB. successfully finished their mealC. had a talk for two hoursD. traveled to Saudi Arabia together 4. What i

35、s the passage mainly about ?A. People should always take some money with them .B. Customs can be entirely different in different countries .C. Invitations mean the same even in different countries .D. A good roommate can really help you a lot .5. Why didnt Lynne pay the check for the writer ?A. Beca

36、use she didnt have enough money with her .B. Because she didnt want to do so .C. Because she thought it was natural for people to pay their own check .D. Because she wanted to embarrass the writer .BRivers are one of our most important natural resources . Many of the worlds great cities are located

37、on rivers , and almost every country has at least one river flowing through it that plays an important part in the lives of its people .Since the beginning of history , people have used rivers for transportation . The longest one in the United States is the Mississippi . The lifeline of Egypt is the

38、 Nile . To the people of India , the Ganges is great , but it is also important for transportation ; Ships can travel along it for a thousand miles . Other great rivers are the Congo in Africa and the Mekong in southeast Asia . The greatest of all for navigation , however , is the Amazon in Brazil .

39、 It is so wide and so deep that large ships can go about two thousand miles upon it .Besides transportation , rivers give food , water to drink , water for crops , and chances for fun and recreation for the people who live along their banks . In order to increase the supply of water for crops , engi

40、neers sometimes build a dam across a river and let a lake form behind the dam . Then people can use the water not only to irrigate their fields but also to make electricity for their homes and industries .However , large cities and industries that are located upon rivers often make problems . As the

41、 cities grow in size and industries increase in number , the water in the rivers becomes polluted with chemicals and other materials . People are learning the importance , however , of doing more to keep their rivers clean if they want to enjoy the benefits of this natural resource .6. The greatest

42、river for navigation is .A. the Mississippi B. the Nile C. the Mekong D. the Amazon 7. Which is WRONG ?A. Many cities are located on rivers .B. Almost every country has at least one important river .C. The Nile is in India .D. Rivers play an important part in the lives of people .8. From a dam , peo

43、ple can use the water for .A. keeping the rivers clean B. making electricity C. washing clothes D. irrigating and making electricity 9. The water in the river is polluted because of .A. peoples drinking water too much B. peoples swimming in the river too much C. chemicals and other materials D. Peop

44、les building a dam across a river 10. The best title of the passage is .A. The Importance of Rivers B. Rivers in Cities C. TransportationD. Natural Resource CHave you ever heard of old saying , “ Never judge a book by its cover ” ? This is a good rule to follow when trying to judge the intelligence（

45、智慧）of others . Some people have minds that shine only in certain situations . A young man with an unusual gift in writing may find himself speechless before a pretty girl when he speaks . He may not be able to find the right words . But dont make the mistake of thinking him stupid . With a pen and p

46、aper , he can express himself better than anyone else .Other people may fool you into overestimating their intelligence by putting up a good front . A student who listens attentively and takes notes in class is bound to（一定会）make a favourable impression on his teachers . But when it comes to exams ,

47、he may score near the bottom of the class .In a word , you cant judge someone by appearance . The only way to judge a persons intelligence is to get to know him . Then you can see how he reacts to different situations . The more situations you see , the better your judgment is likely to be . So take

48、 your time . Dont judge a book by its cover .11. The passage suggests that .A. a good writer may not be a good speaker B. a good writer is always a good speakerC. a speechless person always writes wellD. a good writer will find himself speechless12. According to this passage , a student who listens

49、attentively and takes notes in class .A. is an intelligent studentB. may not be an intelligent studentC. will score better in exams D. will not be a good student 13. What does the word “ overestimating ” in the passage mean ? A. Speaking highly . B. Judging highly . C. Speaking low . D. Judging low

50、.14. The passage suggests that we should judge a persons intelligence through .A. his teachers B. his deeds in the classroom C. his appearance D. his reactions to different situations 15. The writer of this passage wants to tell us not to .A. judge a book by its cover B. make a mistake of thinking a

51、 young man stupid C. think highly of a students intelligence D. judge a persons intelligence by his appearance 四. 完成句子：（一）用所给词的适当形式填空。1. I believe that to work hard is the key to .（succeed）2. Lily has bought us all the she took in Pairs .（photo）3. There was a lot of noise . It was for me to have a r

52、est .（possible）4. There was a wallet beside the suitcase .（lie）5. It is about twenty walk from the station to the hotel .（minute）6. The boys were too （confidence）at the beginning .7. One of the most （danger）sharks is the Great White Shark in the water off the beaches of America , Australia and New Z

53、ealand .8. Who comes the （early）in your office ?9. Last night , Tom and Lucy met a friend of （they）in the market .10. Its easy for a young child to get （lose）in a crowded market .（二）根据所给中文意思及英文提示完成句子，每空只填一个单词。11. 夏威夷因美丽的海滩而闻名。 Hawaii is its beautiful beaches .12. 假如每个人都为保护环境做出自己的贡献，这个世界将变得更加美丽。 If e

54、veryone a contribution protecting the environment , the world will become much more beautiful .13. 所有这些问题老师并不是都能回答。 The teacher couldnt answer the questions .14. 老师想让学生保持安静。 The teacher wants to the students .15. 人口的增长也许是当今世界最大的挑战。The increasing population may be the of the world today .五. 补全对话：根据对话

55、内容，在每小题的空白处写出一个完整的句子，使对话意思完整。A：Hi , Lin Tao . Ive got some good news for you .B： 1 ?A：I hear some foreigners will come to our English class .B：Really ? 2 ?A：Tomorrow morning .B： 3 ?A：Canada . Theyll give us a talk after class .B：Thats great . 4 ?A：They are going to talk about the schools in Canada .

56、B：Good . Shall we go to the library to read something about Canada ?A： 5 ?六. 综合填空：根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。There are seas , lakes and forests on the earth . There are cities , towns and farms , too . All these things are environment . The environment is e 1 around you . It can be living , like a

57、forest . It can be non-living , like a rock or a mountain .No living things can live a 2 . Every living thing depends on o 3 things in its environment . When something changes , it affects something else . If non-living things like water become difficult to find , plants will be affected . If plants

58、 are affected , the animals that eat plants will be affected , too .Weather , such as temperature , wind and rain , can change the environment . People can change the environment , too . Some things that people do cause no change or only a small change in the environment . For example , people can w

59、alk t 4 the forest and cause no damage . They can cut d 5 only a few trees and still not change the environment very much .On the other h 6 , some things that people do cause a lot of changes . Sometimes they can change the whole environment by cutting down a forest .N 7 all changes are bad . If we cut down a forest to build houses or p 8 crops , this may not necessari