植物逆境信息传递研究进展

1、2021/6/161 Stress Signaling in Plants 贾文锁贾文锁 中国农业大学中国农业大学2021/6/1622021/6/1632021/6/1642021/6/165一 “感知感知”和和“反应反应” 生物生存和发展的基础生物生存和发展的基础 2021/6/1662021/6/1672021/6/168敏感植物敏感植物2021/6/1692021/6/16102021/6/16112021/6/1612 一般植物一般植物2021/6/16132021/6/16142021/6/1615Rain,Wind, and Touch-Induced Expression of

2、 Calmodulin and Calmodulin-Related Genes in ArabidopsisCell 60,357-364,19902021/6/16162021/6/1617二“刺激刺激/逆境逆境”“反应反应/应答应答”2021/6/16181. 1.形态、解剖形态、解剖2021/6/1619Cluster Roots2021/6/16202. 2.整体生理整体生理2021/6/16212021/6/1622生命周期短命菊2021/6/16233.细胞生理及生化(1) 解毒机制(2)自由基清除(3)区隔化机制(4)代谢调控(5)渗透调节(6)保水机制(7)结构避损机制(8)

3、修复机制2021/6/1624渗透调节渗透调节脯氨酸脯氨酸甜菜碱甜菜碱山梨醇山梨醇海藻糖海藻糖2021/6/1625保护酶系统与自由基清楚剂保护酶系统与自由基清楚剂游离的带有不成对电子的分子、原子或离子游离的带有不成对电子的分子、原子或离子2021/6/16262021/6/16272021/6/1628区隔化机制区隔化机制2021/6/1629结构避损机制结构避损机制2021/6/1630功能蛋白功能蛋白 代谢调控蛋白 （渗透调控系统，保护酶）Lea 蛋白（Late-Embryogenesis-Abundant Protein）通道蛋白：离子通道，水通道热击蛋白：亲水，保护酶活损伤修复蛋白调

4、节蛋白调节蛋白信号蛋白转录因子2021/6/16312021/6/1632基因 功能蛋白基因 调节蛋白基因2021/6/16332021/6/1634应答反应与伤害反应2021/6/1635三 信号系统与信号组分2021/6/1636 Cellular Singling System ?2021/6/16372021/6/1638细胞信号系统细胞信号系统2021/6/1639 1 Receptor /Sensor 2. Second Messenger 3. Protein Kinase 4. Protein Phosphatase 5. G-protein 6. Transcription

5、Factor 7. Ubiquitination 8. Methylation Signal Components2021/6/1640(1) Receptor /Sensor?2021/6/16412021/6/16422021/6/16432021/6/1644Receptor tyrosine kinase2021/6/1645 细胞内受体2021/6/1646Examples of Phytohormone Recepor and Signal Transduction2021/6/16472021/6/1648ABA Receptor 2021/6/16492021/6/1650BR

6、I1 is a membrane-associated receptor that cycles between the plasma membrane and endosomal compartments. The extracellular leucine-rich repeat domain binds brassinosteroids and transduces the signal through an intracellular kinase domain. GTG1 and GTG2 are GPCR-type G proteins that bind abscisic aci

7、d. They have inherent GTPase activity but also interact with the only canonical G subunit in Arabidopsis. PYR1/RCAR1 is a soluble ABA receptor that represses PP2C phosphatases in the presence of ABA. The cytokinin receptors CRE1, AHK2 and AHK3 are plasma-membrane-associated and perceive cytokinin th

8、rough their extracellular domains. Cytokinin binding triggers a phosphorylation cascade that is ultimately transmitted to response regulators in the nucleus. Like the cytokinin receptors, the known ethylene receptors are two-component regulators. All five receptors are active in the endoplasmic reti

9、culum and transmit their signal through a common downstream component called CTR1. TIR1 and COI1 are F-box proteins that are integral components of SCF-type E3 ligases and recognize the plant hormones auxin and jasmonic acid respectively. GID1 is a nuclear-localized receptor for gibberellins. Gibber

10、ellin binding toGID1 results in the enhanced degradation DELLA proteins 2021/6/16512021/6/1652自由基信号转导2021/6/16532021/6/1654(3) Reversible Protein Phosphorylaton 2021/6/16552021/6/16562021/6/16572021/6/1658 (4) Transcription Factors2021/6/1659 泛素泛素(ubiquitin)(ubiquitin)是一种存在于大多数真核细胞中的小蛋白。它的主要功能是标记需要分

11、解掉的蛋白质，使其被水解。当附有泛素的蛋白质移动到桶状的蛋白酶的时候，蛋白酶就会将该蛋白质水解。也可能被转移到细胞或细胞外的特定部位，也有可能导致靶蛋白的功能发生变化。泛素76个氨基酸组成，分子量大约8.5 KDUbiquitination 2021/6/16602021/6/16612021/6/1662四细胞逆境信息传递细胞逆境信息传递 举例介绍举例介绍2021/6/1663盐胁迫和营养胁迫离子通道的调节2021/6/16642021/6/16652021/6/1666Figure 12. Freezing and Drought Tolerance of the 35S:DREB1Ab

12、and 35S:DREB1Ac Transgenic Plants.Control, 3-week-old plants growing under normal conditions; freezing stress, plants exposed to a temperature of -6C for 2 days and returned to 22C for 5 days; drought stress, water withheld from plants for 2 weeks. Percentages of surviving plants and numbers of surv

13、iving plants per total number of tested plants are indicated under the photographs. wt, wild type.2021/6/1667 History of Abscisic Acid (ABA) In 1963, abscisic acid was first identified and characterized by Frederick Addicott and his associates. They were studying compounds responsible for the abscis

14、sion of fruits (cotton). Two compounds were isolated and called abscisin I and abscisin II. Abscisin II is presently called abscisic acid (ABA)(Addicot, 1963). Two other groups at about the same time discovered the same compound. One group headed by Philip Wareing was studying bud dormancy in woody

15、plants. The other group led by Van Steveninck was studying abscission of flowers and fruits from lupine. Plant physiologists agreed to call the compound abscisic acid (Salisbury and Ross, 1992). 2021/6/16682021/6/1669Signaling From Water Stress Sensing to ABA Accumulation 2021/6/1670五五 系统逆境信息传递系统逆境信

16、息传递Systematic Signaling in Plantsor long-distance signaling, or intercellular signaling2021/6/16712021/6/16722021/6/1673Root To Shoot Signaling Under Water Deficit Condition 2021/6/16742021/6/16752021/6/16762021/6/16772021/6/1678pH Signaling2021/6/16792021/6/1680Image 2. Psedu Color Ratio-images of

17、Image 2. Psedu Color Ratio-images of pH indicator BCECF in sunflower sunflower stem and leaf vascular systemstem and leaf vascular system pH indicator BCECF was loaded into the vascular system of an individual sunflower plant and images were acquired as described in Material and Method. A, vascular

18、system at stem base; B, vascular system at midrib of leaf blade. Image 3. Psedu Color Ratio-images Image 3. Psedu Color Ratio-images Showing the Effect of transpiration rate Showing the Effect of transpiration rate on leaf apoplastic pH of Commelina on leaf apoplastic pH of Commelina communis L. com

19、munis L. pH indicator NERF was first loaded into intact plant through root system, then the plants were allowed to transpire for 1 h under either 35% or 85% humidity, following which fluorescence images were acquired as described in Material and Method . A and B, transpiration at 35% humidity; C and

20、 D, transpiration at 85 % humidity.2021/6/1681Image 3. Psedu Color Ratio-images Showing the Effect of transpiration Image 3. Psedu Color Ratio-images Showing the Effect of transpiration rate on leaf apoplastic pH of Commelina communis L. rate on leaf apoplastic pH of Commelina communis L. pH indicat

21、or NERF was first loaded into intact plant through root system, then the plants were allowed to transpire for 1 h under either 35% or 85% humidity, following which fluorescence images were acquired as described in Material and Method . A and B, transpiration at 35% humidity; C and D, transpiration a

22、t 85 % humidity.2021/6/1682干旱条件下ABA可以作为长距离传递信号使植物产生系统抗逆性2021/6/16832021/6/1684Systematic Signaling of Large Molecular Signals2021/6/16852021/6/1686Fig. 3. New model for the photoperiod response in plants. (A) The picture on the left represents the currently accepted model forArabidopsis, in which li

23、ght-activated CO overcomes the temperature-dependent inhibition from FLC and induces the expression of FT in the phloem companion cells. FT is moved to the phloem and channelled to the apical meristem where it binds to FD and the complex is recruited into the nucleus. FTFD binds to the promoter of SOC1 and other meristematic floral integrators, changing the vegetative developm