英语学习必须掌握的基础知识

1、英语基础知识_背熟会对你的学习很有好处一Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday二、一年十二个月January February March April May June July August September October November December三、一年四季1. spring 2. summer 3. autumn 4. winter四、亲属称呼1. daughter (女儿) 2. niece (女性晚辈) 3. nephew (男性晚辈) 4. cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹) 5. aunt (女性

2、长辈) 6. uncle (男性长辈)五、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔 2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认 4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿 6. refer (referred, referring) 提到7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记 8. permit (permit

3、ted, permitting)允许9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播 2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止 4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰6. hang (作2 / 17“绞死”讲，是

4、规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung)7. lie lied lied 说谎; lielay-lain躺下 lay-laid- laid 放置8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求 9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌 11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉12. spread (spread, spread) 传播 13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎 16.wear( wore; worn) 穿/戴17.hold

5、 (held, held ) 18.make (made, made)19. keep (kept, kept)七、意思相近的词1. check （核对）/ examine(检查)/ test（测试）2. receive（收到） / accept（接受）3. destroy （毁坏；毁灭）/ damage（破坏）4. celebrate(庆祝)/ congratulate（祝贺）5. wear sth / dress sb 穿衣八、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化1. longlength 长度 2. widewidth 宽度 3. highheight 高度4. strongstrength力量

6、九、以-ic结尾的动词，应先把-ic变为-ick，再加ing或ed1. picnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐十、个别名词的复数拼写1. German (Germans) 德国人 2. gulf (gulfs) 海湾 3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕roof (roofs) 房顶4. hero (英雄)，potato (土豆)，tomato (西红柿) 等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化1. succeedsuccess成功 2. pronouncepronunciation 发音3.

7、explainexplanation解释 4. decidedecision 决定5. enterentrance进入 6. permitpermission 允许7. considerconsideration 考虑 8. expectexpectation 期待9. discoverdiscovery 发现 10. buryburial 埋葬11. concludeconclusion 得出结论 12. arrivearrival 到达13. weighweight 重量 14. describedescription 描述15. loseloss 损失 16. anxious-anxie

8、ty 焦虑十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化1. beautiful美丽的beautifully 2. possible可能的possibly3. practical实际的practically 4. particular特别的particularly5. successful成功的successfully十三、其它必背单词1. abroad 国外 2. absence n. 缺席 (absent adj.) 3. accept 接受)4. accident事故 (accidental adj. 偶然的，accidentally adv. 偶然地)5. achievement成就 (achie

9、ve v. 获得) 6. address地址 7. admire钦佩8. admit承认 （admitted) 9. agreement 协议10. agriculture农业 (agricultural adj. 农业的) industry 工业（industrial工业的）11. altogether总共 12. ancient 古代13. announce宣告、通知 announcement ( n. 口头通知)14. anxiety 忧虑 (anxious adj. 焦急的，anxiously adv. 焦急地)15. apologize v. 道歉 (apology n. 道歉)16

10、. appear 出现（appearance 外貌 n.）disappear消失/不见17. appreciate感激/欣赏 (感激人用thank sb；谢谢某人做的事用appreciate sth.)18. Asian(亚洲的) 19. assistant 助手20. astonish吃惊 (astonishment n. 吃惊，astonishing令吃惊的，astonished吃惊的)21. astronaut 宇航员 22. atmosphere气氛23. attempt尝试 (n / v) attempt to do sth24. attentively 专心地 25. attent

11、ion 专心 pay attention to doing sth26. attitude 态度 27. attract 吸引 (attraction吸引力)28. average平均 / 平均的 on average 平均30. balance平衡 keep the balance of nature保持生态平衡31. beauty 美 (beautiful, beautifully ) beautify美化32. believe相信 (belief n. 信念，其复数是beliefs) 33. beyond超过34. biology生物 35. birthday生日36. bravery

12、勇敢 brave勇敢的 bravely勇敢地37.broad宽阔的 38. broadcast广播(broadcast ; broadcast;)39. care 关心 careful 小心的 carefully小心地40. ceiling天花板 41. cinema电影院42. celebrate庆祝 43. celebration 庆祝n.44. century 世纪 45. challenge 挑战 46. character 性格47. charge收费 be charge of / take charge of 管理48. comfort v. & n. 安慰 comfort

13、able 舒适的adj. comfortably adv.舒适地50. comment 评论 51. communicate （vt） communication (n) 交流52. competition 竞赛 (compete v. 竞赛competitor 竞赛者)53. composition 作文 54. concert 音乐会55. conclude v. conclusion n. 结论 56. condition情况 (conditions条件)57. concern 关心 (vt) 58. congratulations 祝贺 (congratulate v.)59. con

14、stant 不断的 constantly 不断地60. construction(建设) 61. continue继续62. contribution 贡献 (contribute v.) make contributions to 对做出贡献63. convenient (adj.) 方便的 conveniently方便地 64. conversation 谈话65. coughing咳嗽 66. cousin表兄弟 67. cruel的 (adj. cruelly 残酷地adv.)68. curious 好奇的 (curiosity n. 好奇) 69. culture（cultural文

15、化的adj.）70. customer 顾客 72. custom习俗 73. destroy毁灭 (其过去式是destroyed) 74. declre宣称 75. delicious 美味76. damage损坏77. determined 有决心的 be determined to do sth 决心做某事78. develop发展 (development n. developing 发展中的，developed发达的)79. dialogue 对话 80. diary 日记 (dairy 奶制品)81. difference 不同点 (复数differences) different

16、不同的 differently 不同地differ from be different from make differences82. disappointed失望的 (disappointing 让人失望的) 83. disappointment 失望84. discovery 发现 (复数discoveries，动词discover，发现者discoverer)85. disturb打扰 86. dollar美元 (其复数是dollars)87. downstairs楼下 upstairs楼上88. dream梦想 (其过去式是dreamed或dreamt)89. electricity

17、电 (electrical电的，electric 电的)90. employ 雇用 (employment n. employer 雇主， employee雇员)91. empty倒空 (可用动词，其过去式是emptied)92. encourage鼓励 (encouraging, encouraged, encouragement n.) encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事93. energy能量 94. envelope 信封 95. envy n. 妒忌96. equal(平等的) equality平等97. equipment设备 98. especially

18、 尤其是 99. essential(重要的)100. European 欧洲人 101. event事件 107. expert 专家102. excellent极好 (excellence n. excellently adv.)104. exhibition展览 105. expense 耗费 expensive 昂贵的106. experience 经验/经历 (experienced 有经验的)an unusual experience一次不同寻常的经历 have much experience经验丰富108. express (vt) 表达 expression (n) 138.

19、impress 印象 impression (n.)109. fail v.失败 failure n.失败 fail to do sth 没做成某事110. familiar(熟悉的) be familiar to /with112. favorite 最喜爱的 flexible 灵活的113. figure人物/数字 114. finger手指 115. flight飞行116. forehead前额 117. foreign(外国的)118. fortunate幸运的 fortunately幸运地 unfortunately不幸运地119. forward向前 120. freezing

20、极冷的 (frozen 冷冻的)121. frequently 经常地 122. furniture 家具 123.far 远的 further进一步的124. generally 大概 generally speaking 一般来说125. geography地理 126. Germany德国127. government政府 128. gradual 逐渐的 gradually逐渐地129. graduation毕业 (graduate from毕业于 ) 130. grammar语法131. habit习惯 form a habit of 养成习惯132. handkerchief 手绢

21、) 133. honest诚实的honesty 诚实134. honor/honour 荣誉 135. imagination 想象力 (imagine v.)136. immediate (立即的) immediately马上(adv)139. incident小事件 140. including包括 (include v.)141independent 独立的 142. industry工业 (industrial adj. 工业的)143. information 信息 144. instrument 仪器 145. institute学院146. inspire激励 (inspirat

22、ion n. inspiring鼓舞人心的, inspired受鼓舞的)147. interest 兴趣 interesting有兴趣的 be interested in对感兴趣148. interrupt 打断 150. introduce介绍 (introduction n.)151. regular规则的 irregular 不规则的 152. journey旅程153. judge判断 (judgment) judging from 根据来判断154. kindergarten幼儿园 155. knowledge 知识 156. labor/labour劳动157. late 迟的 l

23、ate1y最近 158. laugh笑 laughter笑声159. law法律 lawyer律师 legal合法的 illegal非法的160. library 图书馆 librarian图书馆理员161. lose掉失,（lost ，lost） loss损失 n.162. luck 幸运 lucky幸运的 luckily幸运地163. magazine杂志 164. majority (大多数)166. manage 设法 (manager经理, management管理) manage to do 设法做到.167. market(市场) supermarket超市168. marria

24、ge 结婚 (marry v. 结婚，married已婚的) get married to 与某人结婚169. material(s)材料) 171. mayor市长172. mean (意味、打算) meaning 意义 meaningful 有意义的173. measure测量 take measures 采取措施174. medal 奖章 (比较：model 模型 metal 金属)175. memory记忆力 (memorize v. 记住，remember 记得)176. message 口信 178. modern现代的179. modest谦虚的 180. monitor 班长

25、181. moustache 胡子182. murder谋杀 (murderer 凶手)183. music 音乐 musical音乐的 musician 音乐家184. mysterious 神秘的 (mystery 神秘)185. nationality国籍 (nation 国家，national国家的)186. nature 自然 natural自然的) 187. naughty 淘气的 188.) normal 正常的190. necessary 必要 it is necessary for sb to do sth 某人有必要做某事191. obey (遵守) break 违反 19

26、2. obvious 明显的 obviously 明显地193. offer主动提供) offer to do sth主动做某事194. operate动手术 operation手术 195. opportunity 机会（=chance）196. ordinary 普通的 197. organize/organise(组织) organization组织198. particularly 特别是 199. passenger 旅客 200. problem难题 question问题201. patience耐心patient耐心的；病人 (patiently耐心地)203. perfect

27、完美（的） (perfectly) Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧204. perform (表演) 205. perhaps 或许 206. period 时期207. permit 许可 vt permission许可 n208. persuaded(说服) 209. phenomenon 现象 phenomena 现象（复数）210. physicist 物理学家 211. pilot (飞行员)212. poisonous 有毒的 (poison) 213. political 政治的 (politics)214. popular受欢迎的 215. popula

28、tion人口 216. position 职位217. possibility(-ies)可能性 (possible 可能的) 218. poverty 贫穷n (poor贫穷的 ) 220. practice实践 practical (可实施的，实际的)221. prepare（准备) preparation 222. press 压/按 pressure(压力)223. pretend假装 pretend to do sth 假装做某事224. professor 教授 225. profit 利润226. progress进步 make good progress进步很大227. pro

29、nounce发音 pronunciation (n.发音)228. provide 提供 (比较： supply/ provide sb with sth offer sb sth提供某人某物,229. public 公众 230. purpose目的 on purpose故意地231. quality质量/素质 232. quantity数量233. realize (实现vt) reality n.现实 234. receive 收到235. recently(最近= lately)236. recycle( 循环再用) 237. recognize 认出238. regards 问候 g

30、ive my regards to sb请带我向某人问候239. remind提醒 remind sb of sth 提醒某人某物240. repeat vt.重复(repetition n.重复) 241. respect尊敬242. restaurant 餐馆244. satisfaction满意 (satisfy, satisfied, satisfying)246. Saturday(星期六) 247. scientific 科学的248. scientific科学的 249. secretary秘书250. secretly (秘密地) 251. separately单独地 252.

31、 separate (单独的adj、分开vt)253. serious 严重的 (seriously) 254. serve (v) service (n)服务255. shortcoming缺点 256. silence 安静 (silent安静的-silently安静地)257. succeed (vi) 成功success (n) 成功 successful (adj) 成功的 successfully (adv) Succeed in doing sth 成功做某事（=be successful to do sth）258. similar 类似的 (similarity ies相似之处) 259. situation形势/情况260. slightly(稍微) 261. society 社会 (social adj. 社会的)26