江苏省宿迁市泗洪县育才实验学校八年级英语下册 Unit 1 Past and Present P3 Grammar 牛津版

1、Grammaryetrecentlypastadv. 还，仍还，仍adv. 近来，最近近来，最近adj. 过去的过去的Words reviewTo learn to use the present perfect tenseTo learn to form the past participles of regular verbsTo learn to form the past participles of irregular verbsObjectivesPresent Perfect Tense语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可能多的呈

2、现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。法规律。Look at the following sentences.1. We havent got much tea or coffee, and we havent got any sugar or jam. (新概念新概念1 L79)2. Ive already had my holiday this year. (新概念新概念1 L83)3. Have your mechanics (机修工

3、机修工) finished yet? (新概念新概念1 L87)4. He has always been a good neighbour. (新概念新概念1 L91) 5. I have just arrived in Scotland and Im staying at a Youth Hostel (青年旅社青年旅社). (新概念新概念1 L101)6. Have you finished already? (新概念新概念1 L125)7. Eddie, have you seen my food? (P6) Yes, Ive just eaten it. What? Youve ea

4、ten my food? Why? 8. Youve changed, Eddie. You used to share food with me! Youve changed too. You used to be so kind to me. (P6)9. Ive lived here since I was born. (P8)10. Have you ever moved house? (P8)11. , my wife and I moved two blocks away and weve lived in this area since then. (P8)12. Has the

5、 town changed a lot over the years? (P8)13. Now, the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park. (P8)14. However, most of my old friends have moved away. (P9)to test your sense of observationto test your ability of short-term memory to test your ability to highlight the language p

6、ointsGuess1. We _ much tea or coffee, and we _ any sugar or jam. 2. I_ already _ my holiday this year. 3. _ your mechanics _ yet? 4. He _ always _ a good neighbour. 5. I _ just _ in Scotland and Im staying at a Youth Hostel. 6. _ you _ already? Fill in the blanks.havent gothavent gotvehadHavefinishe

7、dhasbeenhavearrivedHavefinished7. Eddie, _ you _ my food? Yes, I_ just _ it. What? You_ my food? Why? 8. You_, Eddie. You used to share food with me! You_ too. You used to be so kind to me. 9. I_ here since I was born. 10. _ you ever _ house? haveseenveeatenve eatenve changedve changedve livedHavemo

8、ved11. , my wife and I moved two blocks away and we_ in this area since then. 12. _ the town _ a lot over the years? 13. Now, the government _ part of the town centre into a new park. 14. However, most of my old friends _ away. ve livedHaschangedhas turnedhave moved1. You work in Luoyang, dont you?

9、Yes. I _ in this city for three years. A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will work2. The book is very thin, but Jack thinks its the best book that he _. A. read B. has read C. will read D. reads3. Would you like to go and see Despicable Me 2 with me tonight? Id like to, but I _ it twice. A. see B.

10、 will see C. have seen D. am seeing以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，下面就让我们根据下面就让我们根据之前练习的考察情之前练习的考察情况进一步选择讲解况进一步选择讲解该语法项的重难点。该语法项的重难点。We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that started in the past and continues to the present.I have lived here since I

11、was born.He has lived here since he came to Nanjing.We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that happened in the past and has a connection with the present.Eddie has just eaten Hobos food.(Eddie ate the food, and now Hobo has nothing to eat.)I have lost my mobile phone.(I lost my mo

12、bile phone, and now I have no mobile phone to use.)We also use the present perfect tense to talk about how many times an action has happened till now.I have already read this book many times.We can use these time expressions with the present perfect tense. already yet ever never just recently since

13、for1. already 已经，常用于肯定句中。已经，常用于肯定句中。 I have already seen the film. 我我已经已经看过这部电影了。看过这部电影了。2. yet 1) 已经，常用在疑问句中。已经，常用在疑问句中。 Has Linda read the book yet? 琳达琳达已已看过这本书了吗看过这本书了吗? 2) 还，仍然，常用于否定句和疑问句。还，仍然，常用于否定句和疑问句。 He has not begun to work yet. 他他还还未开始工作。未开始工作。3. ever 曾经，主要用于疑问句曾经，主要用于疑问句 Have you ever wa

14、nted to travel around the world? 你你曾经曾经想要周游世界吗？想要周游世界吗？4. never 从来没有，表示否定从来没有，表示否定 He has never seen such a tall building. 他他从未从未见过这么高的楼。见过这么高的楼。 5. just 刚刚，常用于肯定句中刚刚，常用于肯定句中 I have just finished lunch. 我我刚刚吃过午饭。吃过午饭。6. recently 不久前，最近不久前，最近 I havent seen them recently. 我我近来近来没见过他们。没见过他们。 Have you u

15、sed it recently? 你你最近最近用过它么？用过它么？since, for的用法详见下单元语法课件。的用法详见下单元语法课件。1. 现在完成时的肯定句句型现在完成时的肯定句句型 主语（第一主语（第一, 二人称单二人称单, 复数）复数）+ have （第三人称复数）（第三人称复数） + have （第三人称单数）（第三人称单数） + has + 过去分词过去分词e.g.I have finished my homework.He has written six poems. They have seen that film. 2. 现在完成时的否定句句型现在完成时的否定句句型 主语主

16、语 + have / has + not + 过去分词过去分词 + e.g.I have not seen the movie yet.He hasnt come here yet.hasnt = has nothavent = have not3. 现在完成时的一般疑问句句型现在完成时的一般疑问句句型 Have / Has + 主语主语 + 过去分词过去分词 + Yes, 主语主语 + have / has.No, 主语主语 + have / has not.e.g.Have you finished the work?Yes, I have. / No, I havent.Has she

17、arrived here?Yes, she has. / No, she hasnt.Regular verbsIrregular verbsBase form Past participle Base form Past participlevisitvisitedhithitrepairrepairedputputlivelivedmeetmetmovemovedmakemadetrytriedsellsoldstudystudiedgivegivenfitfittedwritewrittenplanplannedthinkthought规则动词的过去分词的构成规则动词的过去分词的构成 大

18、多数的动词的过去分词是规则的，只大多数的动词的过去分词是规则的，只需在动词后加需在动词后加-ed；例如：；例如： workworked listenlistened jumpjumped visitvisited 2.在以在以-e结尾的动词后只加结尾的动词后只加-d；例如：；例如： closeclosed likeliked agreeagreed movemoved3.在以辅音字母加在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将结尾的动词，应将y改改 为为i再加再加ed；例如：；例如： studystudied carrycarried trytried worryworried4.以重读闭音节结尾的动词

19、，要双写末尾以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾 的辅音字母再加的辅音字母再加-ed；例如：；例如： stopstopped dropdropped 不规则动词的过去分词的构成不规则动词的过去分词的构成 有些动词的有些动词的原形和过去分词相同；例如：原形和过去分词相同；例如： putput hurthurt becomebecome runrun2.改变单词中间元音字母；例如：改变单词中间元音字母；例如： sitsat winwon holdheld3.把单词结尾的字母把单词结尾的字母d改为改为t；例如：；例如： lendlent spendspent sendsent还有些动词的过去分词是不规

20、则的，需要还有些动词的过去分词是不规则的，需要特殊记忆。（课本第特殊记忆。（课本第122-123页）页）4.以以eep结尾的动词，把结尾的动词，把eep改为改为ept；例如：；例如： keepkept sleepslept 5. 过去分词以过去分词以aught或或ought结尾；例如：结尾；例如： teachtaught buybought 6.以以ay结尾的动词，把结尾的动词，把ay变成变成aid；例如：；例如： saysaid paypaid7.在原形词尾加在原形词尾加n或或en；例如：；例如： givegiven eateatenAn exampleM: _ you _ (see) an

21、y films recently, Sandy?S: No, I havent. What about you?M: I _ (see) one last Saturday. S: Whats it about?M: Its about the changes in Beijing over the past century. From this film, I _ (learn) more about Beijings past and present.S: Oh, I think I _ (hear) about the film. Do you plan to see it again.

22、M: Yes, Id like to.Haveseensawhave learnthave heard Lets practiseA: Have you ? B: Yes, I have. / No, I havent.A: Has he / she ? B: Yes, he / she has. No, he / she hasnt.brush your teethbrushed your teethA: Have you ? B: Yes, I have. / No, I havent. read the book read the bookA: Has she ?B: Yes, she

23、has. / No, she hasnt.have PizzaA: Have they ?B: Yes, they have. / No, they havent.had Pizza Making sentencesMr. Wu asks the students to completethe sentences below using the present perfect tense. Help them complete the sentences.1. They _ (finish) their homework already.2. John _ never _ (visit) Ch

24、ina.3. Mr Li _ (repair) over ten bicycles since Monday.4. We _ (not see) each other for years.5. My parents _ (come) back yet.6. Our teacher _ (teach) us a lot about the history of China.have finishedhave not comehas taughthave not seenhas repairedhas visitedPresent Perfect Tense - Mind map _ you ev

25、er _ with a group? Yes, I have. A. Did, study B. Are, studying C. Were, studying D. Have, studied2. Lucy, _ you _ your ticket? Not yet. A. did; find B. have; found C. has; found D. do; findI. Multiple choice.3. My grandmother _ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here. (2011天津天津) A. sees B. c

26、an see C. will see D. has seen4. My aunt is a writer. She _ more than ten books since 1980. (2011北京北京) A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. will write 5. Why wont you go to the movie with me, Gina? Because I _ it twice. (2011襄阳襄阳) A. see B. have seen C. saw D. will see6. China develops so fast. That

27、s true. It _ a lot already. (2011安徽芜湖安徽芜湖) A. changes B. changed C. will change D. has changed 7. Id like to introduce my best friend to you, Peter. Thank you, Lucy. But we _ already. (2012河南河南) A. meet B. met C. will meet D. have met8. Since 2000, Jingmen has become a new city. Everything _. (2013湖

28、北荆州湖北荆州) A. is changed B. was changed C. had changed D. has changed 9. Julia isnt going to the cinema with us because she _ the film. (2013浙江湖州浙江湖州) A. sees B. saw C. will see D. has seen10. Look at these stamps. I _ them for five years. Wow, they are wonderful. (2013湖南衡阳湖南衡阳) A. kept B. have kept C

29、. have bought1. I _ (have) dinner. I am full.2. We _ (read) this story.3. They _ (see) the movie.4. She _ (buy) some nice toys.5. Hurry up! Lunch _ already _ (begin).6. We _ (wash) our clothes. Theyre clean now.7. _ he ever _ (ride) a bike? have had have readhave seenhas bought have washedII. Fill in the blanks.Has riddenhasbegun1. Ive already had dinner. (否否) I _ _ dinner _.2. He has just finished his homework. (否否