欧盟失业统计数字

1、失业统计数字 From Statistics explained从统计解释 Jump to: navigation , search跳转到： 导航 ， 搜索Data up to July 2011, most recent data: Further Eurostat information, main tables and database .2011年7月的数据，最新数据：此外欧盟统计局的资料，主表和数据库 。 Figure 1: Change in the number of unemployed persons(compared to previous month, in thousa

2、nds), seasonally adjusted图1：在失业人数变化（以千计，较前一个月），经季节性调整 Unemployment levels and rates move in a cyclical way, largely related to the general business cycle .失业水平和利率在一个周期性的方式移动，很大程度上与一般的商业周期。 However, other factors such as labour market policies and demographic developments may influence the short and

3、long-term evolution as well.然而，可能会影响其他因素，如劳动力市场政策和人口发展的短期和长期的演变以及。 This article gives an overview of statistical information for unemployment in the European Union (EU) since the year 2000, starting with the most recent developments.这篇文章给出了失业的统计信息的概述，在欧洲联盟 （欧盟 ）自2000年以来，与最近的事态发展开始。 Contents目录 hide&#

4、183; 1 Main statistical findings1 主要统计结果o 1.1 Recent developments in unemployment at a European and Member State level在欧洲和会员国的失业率 1.1 最近的事态发展o 1.2 Unemployment trends1.2 失业趋势o 1.3 Youth unemployment trends1.3 青年失业趋势o 1.4 Male and female unemployment trends1.4 男性和女性的失业趋势 o 1.5 A detailed look at 2010

5、1.5 在2010年的详细研究 · 2 Data sources and availability2 数据来源和可用性· 3 Context3 上下文· 4 Further Eurostat information4 此外欧盟统计局信息o 4.1 Publications4.1 刊物o 4.2 Main tables4.2 主表o 4.3 Database4.3 数据库o 4.4 Methodology / Metadata4.4 方法/元· 5 External links5 外部链接· 6 See also6 参见Main statisti

6、cal findings 主要统计结果 Figure 2: Unemployment rates in July 2011, seasonally adjusted图2：在2011年7月的失业率经季节性调整 Figure 3: Unemployment rates, seasonally adjusted图3：经季节性调整的失业率， Figure 4: Unemployed persons in Europe, in millions, seasonally adjusted图4：在欧洲的失业人数，百万元，经季节性调整 Figure 5: Youth unemployment rates, s

7、easonally adjusted图5：青年失业率，经季节性调整 Table 1: Youth unemployment figures表1：青年失业数字 Figure 6: Unemployment rates by gender in the EU, seasonally adjusted图6：在欧盟的性别，经季节性调整的失业率， Table 2: Unemployment rate, %表2：失业率 Figure 7: Unemployment rates , 2010, %图7：失业率，2010年， Figure 8: Unemployment rates by duration,

8、2010, %图8：失业率由2010年的持续时间， Table 3: Unemployment rates by age and gender, 2010, %表三：按年龄和性别，2010年，的失业率 Table 4: Unemployment rates, EU-27, %表4：失业率，欧盟27 Figure 9: Unemployment rates (among persons aged 25-64 years)by level of educational attainment, 2010, %图9：失业率（年龄25-64岁之间的受教育程度，2010的水平） Recent develo

9、pments in unemployment at a European and Member State level 最近的事态发展，在欧洲和会员国在失业率 Eurostat estimates that 22.711 million men and women in the EU-27 , of whom 15.757 million were in the euro area ( EA-17 ), were unemployed in July 2011.欧盟统计局估计，22.711万男性和女性在欧盟27国 ，其中15.757万是在欧元区（ EA - 17 ），分别于2011年7月失业。

10、 Compared with June 2011, the number of persons unemployed increased by 18 000 in the EU-27 and increased by 61 000 in the euro area.在欧盟27国，与2011年6月相比，增加18 000人失业人数，增加61 000人，在欧元区。 Compared with July 2010, unemployment decreased by 451 000 in the EU-27 and by 247 000 in the euro area. 2010年同月相比，失业人数

11、减少了在欧盟27国和欧元区247 000 451 000。 The euro area seasonally-adjusted unemployment rate was 10.0 % in July 2011, unchanged compared with June 2011; it was 10.2 % in July 2010.欧元区经季节性调整的失业率为10.0，比2011年7月，不变与2011年6月，它是在2010年7月的10.2。 The EU-27 unemployment rate was 9.5 % in July 2011, unchanged compared with

12、 June 2011; it was 9.7 % in July 2010.欧盟27国的失业率为9.5，较2011年7月，不变与2011年6月，它是在2010年7月的9.7。 Among the Member States, the lowest unemployment rates were recorded in Austria (3.7 %), the Netherlands (4.3 %) and Luxembourg (4.6 %), and the highest rates in Spain (21.2 %), Latvia (16.2 % in the first quarte

13、r of 2011) and Lithuania (15.6 % in the second quarter of 2011).在欧盟各成员国在奥地利（3.7），荷兰（4.3）和卢森堡（4.6），西班牙（21.2）的比例最高，拉脱维亚（在第一季度的16.2，最低的失业率均录得2011年）和立陶宛在2011年第二季度（15.6）。 Compared with a year ago, the unemployment rate fell in sixteen Member States and increased in eleven.与去年同期相比，失业率降至16个会员国，并在11个增加。 The

14、 largest falls were observed in Estonia (17.9 % to 12.8 % between the second quarters of 2010 and 2011), Latvia (19.9 % to 16.2 % between the first quarters of 2010 and 2011) and Lithuania (18.2 % to 15.6 % between the second quarters of 2010 and 2011).下降最大的是爱沙尼亚（17.9至12.8之间2010年和2011年第二季度），拉脱维亚（19.

15、9，2010年和2011年第一季度的16.2）和立陶宛（18.2至15.6之间的第二个观察2010年和2011年）的四分之三。 The highest increases were registered in Greece (11.0 % to 15.0 % between the first quarters of 2010 and 2011), Bulgaria (10.0 % to 11.5 %) and Slovenia (7.2 % to 8.4 %).在希腊（11.0至15.0之间2010年和2011年第一季度），保加利亚（10.0至11.5）和斯洛文尼亚（7.28.4）均录得升幅

16、的最高。 Between July 2010 and July 2011, the unemployment rate for males fell from 10.0 % to 9.6 % in the euro area and from 9.6 % to 9.3 % in the EU-27. 2010年7月至2011年7月，男性失业率从10.0下降到9.6，欧元区从9.6至9.3，在欧盟27国。 The female unemployment rate was unchanged at 10.4 % in the euro area and at 9.7 % in the EU-27.

17、女性失业率为10.4，在欧元区和欧盟27国为9.7不变。 In June 2011, 5.115 million young people (under-25s) were unemployed in the EU-27, of which 3.143 in the euro area.在2011年6月，5.115万年轻人（25岁以下），在欧盟27国的失业，其中欧元区3.143。 Compared with July 2010, youth unemployment decreased by 173 000 in the EU-27 and by 111 000 in the euro are

18、a.青年失业问题与2010年7月相比，减少了在欧盟27国和欧元区111 000 173 000。 In July 2011, the youth unemployment rate was 20.7% in the EU-27 and 20.5% in the euro area.青年失业率在2011年7月，欧盟27国的20.7和20.5，在欧元区。 In July 2010 it was 20.9 % in both zones. 2010年7月，它是在两个地区的20.9。 The lowest rates were observed in the Netherlands (7.5 % ),

19、 Austria (7.8 % ) and Germany (9.5 % ) and the highest in Spain (46.2 % ), Greece (38.5 % in the first quarter of 2011), Lithuania ( 33.1 % in the second quarter of 2011) and Slovakia (32.9 %).最低率分别为荷兰（7.5），奥地利（7.8）和德国（9.5）和西班牙的最高（46.2），希腊（2011年第一季度的38.5），立陶宛（33.1在2011年第二季度）和斯洛伐克（32.9）。 In July 2011

20、, the unemployment rate was 9.1 % in the USA. 2011年7月，在美国的失业率为9.1。 In June 2011, it was 4.6 % in Japan.在2011年6月，是日本的4.6。 Unemployment trends 失业趋势 In early 2000, just less than 20 million persons were unemployed in the EU-27, slightly below 9 % of the total labour force .早在2000年，只有不到20亿人在欧盟27国的失业，稍低于

21、9的总劳动力 。 This figure fell to around 19 million (or 8.5 %) in early 2001 before rising back to around 21 million persons by the middle of 2002, where it remained through until the middle of 2005.这个数字下降到约19万美元（或8.5）在2001年初之前回升2002年，它一直保持到2005年中期通过中间大约有21亿人。 From mid-2005 there was a period of several

22、years of steadily declining unemployment within the EU-27.从2005年年中，有一个几年稳步下降的失业率在欧盟27国时期。 By the first quarter of 2008, EU-27 unemployment hit a low of 16 million persons (equivalent to a rate of 6.7 %) before rising sharply in the wake of the economic crisis . 2008年第一季度，在唤醒大幅上升之前，欧盟27国的失业率达到了16亿人（相

23、当于6.7的速度）低的经济危机。 The unemployment rate in the euro area ( EA-16 ) followed roughly the same trend as in the EU-27.在欧盟27国的失业率在欧元区（EA - 16）其次大致相同的趋势。 However, between 2000 and the middle of 2004 the unemployment rate in the euro area was below that recorded in the EU-27.然而，2000年至2004年中期，欧元区的失业率低于欧盟27国

24、的记录。 This pattern was subsequently reversed as unemployment declined more rapidly in the Member States which do not yet have the euro between 2005 and 2008.这种模式后来扭转失业率下降更迅速地在会员国尚未有欧元 ，2005年和2008年之间。 In 2000, the unemployment rate in the United States was around 4 %, considerably lower than in the EU

25、.在2000年，在美国的失业率为4左右，大大低于欧盟低。 It remained much lower until early 2008, when unemployment started to increase rapidly.它仍然要低得多，直到2008年初，当失业率开始迅速增加。 By mid-2009, the unemployment rate in the United States had reached the same level as in the EU. 2009年年中，在美国的失业率已经达到了在欧盟相同的水平。 Unemployment rates in Japan

26、were much lower than in the EU, and this was the case throughout the last ten years for which data are available.在日本的失业率比欧盟低得多，这是整个过去十年提供数据的情况下。 Youth unemployment trends 青年失业问题的发展趋势 Youth unemployment rates are generally much higher than unemployment rates for all ages.青年失业率一般都远远高于所有年龄段的失业率更高。 High

27、 youth unemployment rates do reflect the difficulties faced by young people in finding jobs.青年高失业率反映在找工作的年轻人所面临的困难。 However, this does not necessarily mean that the group of unemployed persons aged between 15 and 24 is large because many young people are studying full-time and are therefore neither

28、working nor looking for a job (so they are not part of the labour force which is used as the denominator for calculating the unemployment rate).然而，这并不一定意味着组15至24岁之间的失业人员，大，因为很多年轻人都就读全日制和因此既不工作也不找工作（所以他们没有劳动力的一部分作为计算失业率的分母）。 For this reason, youth unemployment ratios use a slightly different concept:

29、 the unemployment ratio calculates the share of unemployed for the whole population.出于这个原因，青年失业率比使用一个略有不同的概念：失业比率计算为整个人口失业的份额。 Table 1 shows that youth unemployment ratios in the EU are much lower than youth unemployment rates; they have however also risen since 2008 due to the effects of the recent

30、 crisis on the labour market.表1显示，在欧盟的青年失业比例比青年失业率低得多，但他们也自2008年以来上升，由于在劳动力市场上最近发生的危机的影响。 The youth unemployment rate in the EU-27 was around twice as high as the rate for the total population throughout the last decade.在欧盟27国的青年失业率是整个过去十年的总人口率的两倍左右。 The EU-27 youth unemployment rate was systematica

31、lly higher than in the euro area between 2000 and early 2008; since this date, these two rates were almost identical (see also figure 5).欧盟27国的青年失业率比在2000年和2008年初之间欧元区系统更高，因为这个日期，这两个率几乎相同（参见图5）。 Male and female unemployment trends 男性和女性的失业率趋势 Historically, women have been more affected by unemployme

32、nt than men.历史上，妇女一直受到比男性的失业率。 In 2000, the unemployment rate for women in the EU-27 was around 10 %, while the rate for men was around 8 %.在2000年，在欧盟27国妇女的失业率是10左右，而男子率约为8。 By the end of 2002, this gender gap had narrowed to around 1.3 percentage points and between 2002 and early 2007 this gap rema

33、ined more or less constant.到2002年底，这种性别差距已经缩小到1.3个百分点左右，2002年和2007年初之间的差距仍然或多或少恒定。 In recent years, most markedly since the first quarter of 2008, male and female unemployment rates in the EU-27 have converged and by the second quarter of 2009 the male unemployment rate was higher.近年来，最显着自2008年第一季度，

34、在欧盟27国的男性和女性的失业率由2009年第二季度的融合和男性失业率较高。 A detailed look at 2010 在2010年的详细介绍 The overall unemployment rate in the EU-27 reached 9.6 % in 2010.整体失业率在欧盟27国在2010年达到9.6。 In comparison to the rate during 2009, the unemployment rate rose by 0.6 percentage points.在2009年期间的速度相比，失业率上升了0.6个百分点。 This is less tha

35、n the steep rise from 2008 to 2009 due to the economic crisis, when the rate rose by 1.9 percentage points between 2008 and 2009.这是比急剧上升，从2008年至2009年由于经济危机时，率2008年和2009年间上升了1.9个百分点。 The impact of the economic crisis on unemployment in the years from 2008 to 2010 has now completely wiped out the redu

36、ction experienced in the unemployment rate between 2004 and 2008.对失业的影响 ，从2008年至2010 年的经济危机，现在已经完全消灭了失业率在2004年和2008年之间经历了减少。 In the United States, where the unemployment rate grew from 9.3 % to 9.6 % between 2009 and 2010, the pace of the increase in unemployment had somewhat slowed down.在美国，失业率从9.3

37、增长到2009年和2010年间的9.6，失业人数增加的速度有所放慢。 Between 2008 and 2009, the unemployment rate had increased by a staggering 3.5 percentage points. 2008年和2009年间，失业率增加了一个惊人的3.5个百分点。 The unemployment rate rose in all 27 Member States between 2009 and 2010, apart from Germany, Luxembourg, Malta and Austria. 2009年和201

38、0年之间在所有27个成员国的失业率上升，除了来自德国，卢森堡，马耳他和奥地利。 The biggest decrease was recorded in Germany, where the unemployment rate dropped by 0.7 percentage points.则录得跌幅最大的德国，在那里的失业率下降了0.7个百分点。 Belgium, France, Romania, Finland, Sweden and the UK also performed well, showing only moderate increases (below 0.5 percen

39、tage points) between 2009 and 2010.比利时，法国，罗马尼亚，芬兰，瑞典和英国也表现良好，呈现温和增长，2009年和2010年之间（低于0.5个百分点）。 While Estonia and Lithuania were among the countries with the highest increases, they recorded decreases in unemployment in the second half of 2010.虽然爱沙尼亚和立陶宛之间的增幅最高的国家，他们记录了在2010年下半年失业率下降。 High increases w

40、ere also perceived in Greece, Spain and Slovakia.高增长也被认为在希腊，西班牙和斯洛伐克。 Spain remained the country with the highest overall unemployment rate in 2010, at 20.1 %.西班牙仍然是整体失业率最高的国家在2010年，20.1。 The dispersion of unemployment across the EU-27 continued to increase during 2010.分散整个欧盟27国的失业率在2010年继续增加。 Long-

41、term unemployment is one of the main concerns of policymakers.长期失业是决策者关注的主要问题之一。 Apart from its financial and social effects on personal life, long-term unemployment negatively affects social cohesion and, ultimately, may hinder economic growth.除了从财政和社会对个人生活的影响，长期失业的负面影响社会凝聚力，并最终可能会阻碍经济增长。 In total,

42、 3.8 % of the labour force in the EU-27 in 2010 had been unemployed for more than one year; almost half of these, 1.8 % of the labour force, had been unemployed for more than two years.总体而言，劳动力在欧盟27国在2010年的3.8已经失业一年以上;近一半，这些劳动力的1.8，已超过两年的失业。 For the first time since the calculation of EU-27 unemploy

43、ment statistics started (in 2000), the unemployment rate for women was lower than that for men in 2009, and remained so in 2010.计算欧盟27国的失业统计以来的第一次（2000年）开始，女性失业率低于男子在2009年，保持在2010年。 Male unemployment rates were higher than the corresponding rates for women during that year in 14 out of 27 Member Sta

44、tes.男性失业率高于妇女的相应变动率在这一年中的27个成员国中有14。 In the euro area, the unemployment rate for women remained higher than the male rate.在欧元区，妇女的失业率仍高于男性失业率。 The gap between male and female unemployment rates varied from -6.3 percentage points in Greece to +7.2 percentage points in Ireland.男性和女性的失业率从希腊到7.2个百分点-6.3

45、个百分点，在爱尔兰不同利率之间的差距。 The youth unemployment rate in the EU-27 was more than double the overall unemployment rate in 2010.在2010年，在欧盟27国的青年失业率是整体失业率的一倍以上。 At 20.9 %, more than one out of every five young persons in the labour force was not employed, but looking and available for a job. 20.9，超过每五个人中的青年劳

46、动力未就业，但前瞻性和工作。 In the euro area, the youth unemployment rate was marginally lower at 20.7 %.在欧元区，青年失业率下降20.7。 The unemployment rate among young persons was higher than the rate among those aged between 25 and 74 in all of the Member States.青少年的失业率高于率在所有成员国之间的25和74岁的人。 In Spain (41.6 %), Lithuania (3

47、5.1 %), and Latvia (34.5 %) youth unemployment rates were particularly high.在西班牙（41.6），立陶宛（35.1），拉脱维亚（34.5），青年失业率尤其高。 The Netherlands (8.7 %), Austria (8.7 %), and Germany(9.9 %) were the only Member States with a youth unemployment rate below 10 %.荷兰（8.7），奥地利（8.7）和德国（9.9）是唯一的会员国与一个青年失业率在10以下。 Educa

48、tional qualifications are still the best insurance against unemployment, which clearly increases the lower the level of education attained.学历仍然是对失业保险，这显然增加教育程度越低。 This characteristic was noted in almost every Member State in 2010, as the average unemployment rate in the EU-27 for those having attain

49、ed at most a lower secondary education was 14.2 %, much higher than the rate of unemployment for those that had obtained a tertiary education qualification (4.9 %).这个特点是注意到，几乎每一个会员国在2010年，在欧盟27国的平均失业率为最多达到率较低的中学教育是14.2，远远高于那些已经获得一个高等教育的失业率更高学历（4.9）。 Data sources and availability 数据来源和可用性 The main so

50、urce used by Eurostat for unemployment figures is the European Union Labour force survey (EU LFS) .欧盟统计局用于失业数字的主要来源是欧盟劳动力调查（欧盟 的LFS） 。This household survey is carried out in all EU-27 Member States in accordance with European legislation; it provides figures at least each quarter.这是进行住户统计调查，在所有欧盟27个

51、成员国根据欧洲立法，它提供的数字至少每季度。 There is currently no legal basis for producing and disseminating monthly unemployment data.生产和传播每月失业数据目前还没有法律依据。 For many countries, Eurostat calculates monthly data by using additional monthly figures from unemployment registers.对于许多国家来说，欧盟统计局的月度数据计算，通过失业登记的其他，每月数字。 The quar

52、terly LFS results are always used as a benchmark to ensure international comparability.始终使用该季度的劳动力调查结果为基准，以确保国际可比性。 Few countries actually supply monthly unemployment figures directly from the LFS.其实很少有国家供应的LFS直接从每月的失业数字。 Monthly unemployment figures are published by Eurostat as rates (as a percenta

53、ge of the labour force) or levels (in thousands), by gender and for two age groups (persons aged 15-24, and those aged 25-74).每月的失业数字是由欧盟统计局公布的利率（如劳动力的百分比）或水平（千），按性别，和两个年龄组（15-24岁的人，和那些年龄25-74）。 The figures are available in as unadjusted, seasonally adjusted and trend series.在未调整的， 经季节性调整和趋势系列数字。 Th

54、ere are monthly estimates for all EU-27 Member States except for Estonia, Greece, Latvia, Lithuania and Romania.每月估计为所有欧盟27个成员国，除爱沙尼亚，希腊，拉脱维亚，立陶宛和罗马尼亚。 Data for the EU-27 aggregate start in 2000 and for the euro area (EA-16) in 1995; the starting point for individual Member States varies.欧盟27国在2000年

55、的总启动，并在1995年对欧元区（EA - 16）的数据;个别会员国的出发点不同。 Quarterly and annual unemployment figures from the LFS are also published, with more detailed breakdowns (for example, a wider range of age groups, by nationality, or by educational attainment); there are also figures available on long-term unemployment.还出版了

56、LFS的季度和年度的失业数字，更详细分类的（例如，一个范围更广的年龄组，按国籍，或按教育程度划分），也有长期失业数字。 Context 上下文 The unemployment rate is an important indicator with both social and economic dimensions.失业率与社会和经济方面的一个重要指标。 Rising unemployment results in a loss of income for individuals, increased pressure with respect to government spending

57、 on social benefits and a reduction in tax revenue.在对个人收入的损失的失业率上升的结果，增加政府开支方面的压力，社会福利和税收的减少。 From an economic perspective, unemployment may be viewed as unused labour capacity.从经济角度来看，失业率可能会被视为未使用的劳动能力。 The International Labour Organization definition of the unemployment rate is the most widely use

58、d labour market indicator because of its international comparability and relatively timely availability.国际劳工组织对失业率的定义是使用最广泛的，因为它的国际可比性和相对及时提供劳动力市场指标。 Besides the unemployment rate, indicators such as employment and job vacancies also give useful insights into labour market developments.除了 失业率指标，如就业及

59、职位空缺也给进入劳动力市场的发展有益的见解。 The time series on unemployment are used by the European Commission, other public institutions, and the media as an economic indicator; banks may use the data for business cycle analysis.对失业时间序列是由欧洲委员会，其他公共机构，和媒体作为一个经济指标，银行可以使用的数据的商业周期分析。 Finally, the general public might also be interested in changes in unemployment.最后，广大市民也可能对失业率的变化感兴趣。 The unemplo