国际货代英语完整讲义Unit9MarineBillsofLading

1、国际货运代理专业英语 Unit 9 Marine Bills of Lading一、 General concept of Marine Bills of Lading 海运提单的一般概念 (考试重点)1-1 课文：Marine Bills of lading are used primarily in international sales of goods where the carriage of goods is by sea.注释：marine bills of lading: 海运提单 primarily: 首先，起初，主要地 international sales of good

2、s:国际货物的销售 carriage: 运输课文意思：海运提单主要用于国际货物销售的海上运输中。1-2 课文：Definitions of the Bill of Lading vary from country to country. Broadly, the bill of lading has been defined as receipt for goods shipped on board a ship, signed by the person (or his agent) contracts to carry them, and stating the terms on whic

3、h the goods were delivered to and received by the ship.(海运提单的定义，掌握)注释：definition: 定义 vary from: 不同 broadly: 宽广地，广泛, 总体而言on board: 在船上 stating: 陈述，申明课文意思：每个国家对于提单的定义各有不同。总体而言，提单是货物装船的收据;它由达成货物运输协议的承运人签字，上有货物送到船上及被船方接收的条款。1-3 课文：It is not the actual contract, but forms excellent evidence of the terms

4、of the contract.注释：actual:实际的，真实的excellent: 极好的，卓越的 evidence: 证据，凭证课文意思：提单不是实际的合同，但却构成据以履行合同条款极好的保证。我国海商法对提单的定义：提单，是指用以证明海上货物运输合同和货物已经由承运人接收或者装船，以及承运人保证据以交付货物的单证。提单中载明的向记名人交付货物，或者按照指示人的指示交付货物，或者向提单持有人交付货物的条款，构成承运人据以交付货物的保证。二、Functions of the Marine Bills of Lading 海运提单的作用海洋提单的三个作用(考试重点)1.Receipt for

5、 the goods shipped 货物装船的收据课文：A bill of lading is a receipt issued by a carrier that an identifiable consignment of goods has been received by him for shipment, or actually loaded on board his ship.注释：receipt: 收据 issue: 签发 carrier: 承运人 identifiable:可以确认的consignment: (货物的)交托，交货，发货，运送课文意思： 提单是由承运人签发的有关

6、承运人已接管提单所明确记载的货物或将货物装船的证明。课文:The bill of lading as a receipt will show the quantity and condition of the cargo loaded, ships name, port of loading, the destination, details of date and so on.注释：condition: 条件，环境 ，情形 destination: 目的地 details:详细资料and so on:等等课文意思：提单作为收据将会列明所装载货物的数量和情况，船舶的名称，装运港，目的地，以及详

7、细的日期等等。2.Document of title to the goods. 货物的物权凭证2 / 22课文：A bill of lading is a document of title to the goods. The possession of a bill of lading is equivalent in law to possession of the goods.注释：document of title:物权凭证possession：所有，所有权，持有，占有 equivalent:相等的，相当的，同意义的课文意思：提单是货物的物权凭证。持有提单在法律上等同于持有货物。课文

8、：The holder of the bill of lading is able to obtain delivery of the goods at the port of destination and during transit the goods can be sold merely by endorsing the bill of lading.注释：holder: 持有者，所有者 be able to: 能够 obtain:获得，得到port of destination：目的港 transit:运输，运送merely:仅仅，只不过endorse:背书，在(票据)背面签名，认可

9、课文意思：提单的持有者可以在目的港提取货物并且在货物的运输期间可以仅仅通过背书提单将货物卖掉。3.Evidence of contract 合同的证明课文：Additionally, the terms of the bill of lading provide evidence of the contract of carriage between the carrier and the shipper. The terms of the bill of lading contain the terms of the contract.注释：additionally:另外，加之，又term:

10、 条款 provide:提供，规定evidence:证据，证明课文意思：另外，提单的条款也为承运人与托运人之间运输合同提供了证明。提单的条款包含了合同中的条款。三、Types of Marine Bills of Lading 海运提单的类型 (考试重点)3-1 Order Bills of Lading 指示提单1. Order bills are issued by carriers to the order of shipper or consignee. 指示提单是由承运人签发给指定的托运人或者收货人。2.The carrier, shipowner, charterer or mas

11、ter will deliver the goods at the port of destination not solely to the named consignee, but to any person designated by him. 承运人，船东，租船人或者船长将在目的港交货，不用单独交付给指定的收货人，可交付给任何其指定的人。(注释：master: 船长 solely: 独自地，单独地 designated: 指定的，派定的)3. An order bill of lading is a negotiable document. 一份指示提单是一份可转让单据。(注释：neg

12、otiable document: 可转让单据)4. Order bills made out to consignee “or order” can be transferred by them by endorsement. 提单载明收货人或“由某人指示”的指示提单可通过收货人或指示人背书进行转让。(注释：make out:填写，书写，说明transfer: 转让，过户 endorsement: 背书)3-2 Straight Bills of Lading 记名提单特点：1.In contrast with the order bills of lading, straight bill

13、s are those made out to named consignees without the addition of the words “or order”. 与指示提单相比，记名提单载明指定的收货人而没有附加“由某人指示”的措辞。(注释：in contrast with:对比，和.形成对比)2.Straight bills of lading is not negotiable and cannot be transferred to third parties. 记名提单是不可转让的，不能转让给第三方。(注释：third parties: 第三方)3.Delivery of

14、goods can only be taken by the named consignee. 只能由指定的收货人提取货物。3-3 Shipped Bills of Lading 已装船提单特点：1. Shipped bills state definitely that the goods have been loaded, it confirms that the goods are actually on board the vessel. 已装船提单明确表明货物已装船，确定货物已实际装上船舶。( 注释：state: 陈述，表明 definitely: 明确地，干脆地 confirm:

15、确定，确认 actually:实际上，事实上)2.Most bills of lading forms are printed as shipped bills and commence with wording: “Shipped in apparent good order and condition.” 大部分提单格式都会被打印成已装船提单格式并且标注“已装船外表状况明显良好“的措辞。(注释：commence with:从.开始apparent:外观的)3-4 Received for shipment Bills of Lading 收货待运提单   特点： 1.R

16、eceived for shipment bills state that the goods have been received for shipment, and do not indicate the actual date of loading. 收货待运提单表明货物已经收货待运，但是不显示实际的装载日期。(注释：indicate: 指出，显示)2.The received for shipment bill of lading grew up because with the development of the liner services it became the custo

17、m for the shipowner to receive the cargo some hours or even days before it was actually loaded. 收货待运提单因班轮运输业务的发展而成长起来的并逐渐成为惯例，船东在实际装载期之前几个小时甚至几天收到货物。(注释：grow up:成长，发展development: 发展 liner services: 班轮运输业务 )3-5 Direct Bills of Lading 直达提单特点：Direct bills of lading are those covering shipments between

18、direct ports of loading or discharge. 直达提单是货物从装运港直接运至目的港卸货的提单。(货物从装货港受载后，中途不经换船，直接运至目的港卸船交付货物的提单)3-6 Through Bills of Lading 联运提单特点：1.Through bills of lading cover shipment from or to ports involving transport by two or more shipping or railways companies. 联运提单是由两个或者两个以上的海运或铁路运输公司负责货物从或者至多个港口间的运输。(注

19、释：involve: 包括，涉及 shipping company: 海运公司 railways:铁道，铁路)2.The shipping company, for additional freight, undertakes to make all arrangements to get the goods to their destination. 海运公司将承担额外的运费保证货物到达目的地。(注释：additional:额外的，附加的undertake:承担，保证arrangement:安排)3-7 Clean versus Foul Bills of Lading 清洁提单和不清洁提单

20、1.Clean bill of lading 清洁提单课文：The clean bill of lading bears an indication that the goods were received without damages, irregularities or short shipment, usually the words “apparent good order and condition”, “clean on board” or the like are indicated on the B/L. 清洁提单载明货物受货时无损坏，无异常或无短装现象，通常提单上注明“货物

21、外表状态良好”，“清洁已装船”或类似的字样。(注释：damage: 损坏 irregularity: 异常 short shipment: 短装 clean on board: 清洁已装船 indicate: 显示，表明)2.Foul Bills of Lading 不清洁提单课文：The foul bill of lading - unclean bill of lading, dirty bill of lading or claused bill of lading -is the opposite of the clean bill of lading. It bears an ind

22、ication that the goods were received with damages, irregularities or short shipment, usually the words “unclean on board” or the like are indicated on the B/L, for example, “insufficient packing”, “missing safety seal” and “one carton short”. 不清洁提单是与清洁提单相对立的提单。提单上载明货物受货时有损坏，有异常或短装，通常会标注“不清洁已装船”或类似的字

23、样，比如“包装不良”，“缺少安全封条”或“一箱短装”等字样。(注释：opposite: 相对的，对立的，相反的 insufficient packing: 包装不良 safety seal: 安全封条 carton: 纸箱)四、历年考题分析1.Which of the following terms on the B/L shows that the bill of lading is clean B/L. () -2006年单选题A. insufficient packingB. one carton shortC. in apparent good order and conditionD

24、. missing safety seal答案：C分析：清洁提单指没有任何有关货物残损、包装不良或其他有碍于结汇的批注的提单。提单正面已印有“外表状况明显良好”的词句，若承运人或其代理人在签发提单时未加任何相反的批注，则表明承运人确认货物装船时外表状况良好的这一事实。其他三项表明提单上加注有货物及包装状况不良或存在缺陷。2. ( ) are those covering shipment between direct ports of loading and discharge. 2004年单选题A. Shipped bills of ladingB. Clean bills of ladin

25、gC. Straight bills of ladingD. Direct bills of lading答案：D分析：货物在装运港直接运到卸货港的提单是直达提单(Direct bills of lading ) 2004年单选题3.The ( ) can not be transferred to third parties.A. straight B/LB. direct B/LC. shipped B/LD. order B/L答案：A分析：记名提单指定了收货人，是不可转让的，也不能转让给第三方。4. A foul bill of lading means that the bill o

26、f lading is very dirty. ( ) 2004年判断题答案：错分析：不清洁提单是在提单上载明对货物的不良批注，比如短装，包装不良等，并不是说提单不干净。5. Shipped in apparent good order and condition means that the vessel looks very good. ()2004年判断题答案：错分析：“Shipped in apparent good order and condition”，是指装船货物表面状况良好，并不是指船舶看上去很好。 一、Drawing up Marine Bills of Lading 海运

27、提单的起草(考试重点) 1-1 课文：A marine bill of lading can be drawn up in a variety of ways, but it is nearly always prepared on a pre-printed form. This form may relate to a specific or to a general cargo trade.注释：draw up: 草拟，起草 variety:变化，多样性，种类nearly: 几乎，密切地 prepare:准备pre-printed: 预先印好的 relate to:涉及课文意思：一份海运

28、提单可以以多种方式起草，但是几乎都采用预定格式。这些格式可能涉及到特殊或者一般货物贸易。1-2 课文：Whatever its form, a bill of lading may contain some main elements, such as quantity of cargo, accurate cargo description and condition, date of the bill of lading, names of shipper and consignee, ports of loading and discharging, ships name, terms

29、and conditions of carriage and payment of freight.注释：whatever:无论怎样的，无论哪一种的 contain: 包含 element: 要素，元素，成分 accurate:正确的，精确的description：描述，形容condition:状态，情形 payment of freight:运费的支付课文意思：无论格式如何，提单所包含的内容大同小异，例如货物的数量，货物确切的品名和状态，提单签发的日期，托运人和收货人的名称，装货港和卸货港，船名，货物运输的条款和条件，以及运费的支付。提单通常包括正面记载事项和背面条款两个部分，正面的事项包括

30、：1. 船名(Ships name)2. 承运人(Carrier)3. 托运人(Shipper)4. 收货人(Consignee)5. 通知方(Notify Party)6. 装货港 (Port of Loading)7. 卸货港 (Port of Discharging)8. 货物的名称 (Description)9. 标志 (Marks)10. 包件的数量和种类(Number and kind of Packages)11. 重量和体积 (Weight or Measurement)12. 运费和其他费用 (Freight and other Charges)13. 货物外表状态 (Car

31、gos Apparent Order and Condition)1-3 课文：The ships port agent, in fact, may be given the task of drawing up bills of lading. If these are subsequently required for letter of credit transactions, it is useful that the agent be supplied with appropriate details of that letter of credit so that all rele

32、vant material can be included in wording.注释：port agent: 港口代理 task:任务，作业subsequently: 后来，随后 letter of credit:信用证transaction:办理，处理，交易useful:有用的，有益的 supply: 提供，供给 appropriate: 适当的 relevant:有关的，相应的material: 资料，素材 wording: 措词课文意思：实际上，承运人可委托港口代理来制作提单。如果以后的信用证交易也需要使用提单，应给代理适当提供有关信用证的消息资料，这样在提单的措词中就可以包含所有的相

33、关资料。1-4 课文：The main parties on a bill of lading are Shipper, Consignee, Notify Party and Carrier.提单上主要的当事人包括：托运人，收货人，通知方和承运人。1.托运人：课文：The shipper is the person, usually the exporter, who sends the goods. 托运人一般为出口商，即发送货物的一方。2.收货人课文：Consignee refers to the person entitled to take delivery of the goods

34、. 收货人是指有权接受货物的一方。3.承运人课文：Carrier is the person or company who has conclude a contract with the shipper for carriage of goods. 承运人即与托运人就货物运输事宜订立合同的人或公司 (conclude a contract:订立合同)4. 通知方课文：Notify Party is the party that the carrier must notify when the goods arrive at the port of destination. 通知方即在货物到达

35、目的港后需要承运人告知货物已到港的一方。(注释：notify party: 通知方)1-5 课文：The carrier issues an Arrival Notice informing the Notify Party about the cargo discharge point, number of packages and other information.注释：arrival notice: 到货通知 inform: 通知，告知 discharge point:卸货地点package:包，包裹课文意思：承运人签发货物到港通知为通知方提供有关卸货地点，包数和其他方面的信息。1-6

36、 课文：It is important to date bills of lading correctly, and as per the date on which the cargo is actually loaded.注释：important:重要的，重大的date: 注明的日期 correctly:恰当地，正确地课文意思：正确注明提单的日期是很重要的，并且每个日期应为货物实际装载的日期1-7 课文：Cargo quantity and condition should also be adequately and correctly described in the bills of

37、 lading.注释：adequately: 充分地 describe: 描述，记述课文意思：货物的数量和状况也应当充分正确地在提单上载明。1-8 课文：Relevant comments should be entered in either tally or mates receipts, and thereafter in bills of lading.注释：relevant:有关的，相应的comment:注释，评论，意见 enter in: 录入，进入 either or : 不是就是，或 tally: 理货 thereafter:其后，从那时以后课文意思：有关的批注应当记入理货或者

38、大副收据，并且也应在随后的提单中注明。二、Issuing Marine Bills of Lading 海运提单的签发 (考试重点)2-1 课文：All bills should be signed by either shipping company or by a duly authorized agent.注释：duly authorized: 正式授权的 (duly: 正式地，适当地 authorized:权威认可的，审定的，经授权的)课文意思：提单应由船运公司或由被授权的代理人签发。2-2 课文：If time does not permit the ships master to

39、sign the bills, a letter is usually drawn up giving the port agent appropriate authority to sign bills of lading.注释：permit:允许，许可，准许ships master: 船长 appropriate: 适当的，适合的课文意思：如果船长来不及签发提单，那么通常会起草一份信函给港口代理人，正式授权委托其代为签发提单。2-2 课文：The bill of lading must show how many signed originals were issued.注释：origin

40、al:正本提单课文意思：提单上必须注明签发的正本提单的份数。2-3 课文：The originals are marked as “original” on their face and all have equal value, that is, all have the same validity.注释：mark: 标注 face: 正面 equal value:同等价值validity:有效性，合法性课文意思：正本提单的正面注有“正本”字样，每一份都是等价的，就是说，具有同等的效力。2-4 课文：The purpose of issuing more than one original

41、is to ensure that the port of destination will receive the original when dispatched separately.注释：purpose: 目的，意图，用途 ensure: 保证，担保，确保 dispatch: 派遣，分派 separately:个别地，分开地课文意思：签发多份正本提单的目的是确保在目的港分开派遣每笔货物时都能够收到正本提单。2-5 课文：The original B/L are proof of ownership of goods, one of which must be surrendered t

42、o the carrier at destination, duly endorsed by the title holder in the goods in exchange for the goods or the delivery order.注释：proof:证据，凭证 ownership: 所有权，物主身份 surrender: 交出，让与，交给，在这里我们引申为“放单”的意思 in exchange for: 交换, 以此易彼 delivery order: 提货单课文意思：正本提单是货物所有权的证明，他们其中的一份必须在目的地放单给承运人，通过货物所有权持有者正式背书，交换货物或

43、者提货单。2-6 课文：When one of the originals being surrendered to the carrier, the others become invalid.注释：invalid: 无效的，失效的课文意思：当其中一份正本提单放单给承运人后，其余的正本提单就自动失效。2-7 课文：In some cases, a shipper may request a “full set” of “original” bills of lading, rather than just one original document.注释：case: 事，情形，案例 requ

44、est:要求，请求full set: 全套 rather than:胜于，在这里意为“而不是”课文意思：在某些情况下，托运人可能要求全套的正本提单，而不是仅其中一份正本单据。2-8 课文：A set contains at least two originals. In practice, a set of three originals is the most common.注释：at least:至少 in practice:实际上 a set of: 一组，一套 common:普通的，公共的课文意思：一套正本提单至少一式两份。实际上，通常一套正本提单，一式三份。2-9 课文：The nu

45、mber of original bills of lading (B/L) may be expressed as 3/3 (read as three of three) or 2/2 (read as two of two).注释：express: 表达，表示课文意思：提单的数量可以表示为3/3 (读作“three of three”)或者2/2 (读作“two of two”)注明：提单数量的这种表达方式，分子数字是指呈递给银行的份数，分母数字是指应制作的份数。2-10 课文：If the L/C did not contain the expression “Full set 3/3

46、”, then the number of original bills of lading required would depend on the number as so issued by the carrier. It can be a sole original B/L, that is, one original only.注释：expression: 表达，措辞 require: 需要，要求 depend on:依靠，依赖 sole:单独的，唯一的课文意思：如果信用证中没有标注“全套3/3”这样的措辞，那么所需正本提单的数量将依赖于承运人签发的数量。可能只有单独一份正本提单，即

47、仅仅一份正本。三、海运提单的电子交付 (考试重点)3-1 课文： The Bill of Lading software can also be used to create, view, e-mail, and print a formatted bill of lading.注释：software:软件create 创作，生成，制作 view: 察看，观看 e-mail: 电子邮件 formatted:有格式的课文意思：相关提单的软件可以用于提单的制作，察看，发电子邮件，以及打印一定格式的提单。3-3 课文：The electronic delivery of the bill of la

48、ding document, which allows a buyer to take title to the goods once they have arrived at port, will speed up the trade finance process.注释：electronic: 电子的 allow: 允许，承认 arrive at: 到达 speed up: 加快，加速 process: 过程，步骤。课文意思：提单单据的电子交付，可以使得买方在货物一到港就能提货，这可以加快贸易财务方面的步骤。3-4 课文：Exporters are driving the push tow

49、ards electronic delivery of bills of lading. This approach reduces the cycle time for the forwarding and presentation of documents. The exporter gets paid more quickly and the importer gets title to the goods sooner.注释：drive: 推动，驱赶 push: 推进，推动 towards: 朝，向，有助于 approach: 方法，途径，步骤 reduce: 减少，缩小，简化 cyc

50、le time: 周期，周期时间 forwarding:转寄，转送 presentation: 呈递，提出课文意思：出口商控制着提单电子交付过程的推进。电子交付这一方法缩短了单据转送和呈递的周期时间。 出口商越早收到货款，进口商就能越快获得货物的所有权。3-5 课文：It also eliminates the risk of errors and reduces the costs related to manual document preparation.注释：eliminate: 排除，消除 error: 错误，过失，误差 relate to: 与有关联的 manual: 手工的，手动

51、的 preparation: 准备，准备工作课文意思：电子交付也可以消除因手工制作产生的错误而造成的风险，并且减少手工制作单据相关的成本费用。 一、Drawing up Marine Bills of Lading 海运提单的起草(考试重点) 1-1 课文：A marine bill of lading can be drawn up in a variety of ways, but it is nearly always prepared on a pre-printed form. This form may relate to a specific or to a general ca

52、rgo trade.注释：draw up: 草拟，起草 variety:变化，多样性，种类nearly: 几乎，密切地 prepare:准备pre-printed: 预先印好的 relate to:涉及课文意思：一份海运提单可以以多种方式起草，但是几乎都采用预定格式。这些格式可能涉及到特殊或者一般货物贸易。1-2 课文：Whatever its form, a bill of lading may contain some main elements, such as quantity of cargo, accurate cargo description and condition, da

53、te of the bill of lading, names of shipper and consignee, ports of loading and discharging, ships name, terms and conditions of carriage and payment of freight.注释：whatever:无论怎样的，无论哪一种的 contain: 包含 element: 要素，元素，成分 accurate:正确的，精确的description：描述，形容condition:状态，情形 payment of freight:运费的支付课文意思：无论格式如何，

54、提单所包含的内容大同小异，例如货物的数量，货物确切的品名和状态，提单签发的日期，托运人和收货人的名称，装货港和卸货港，船名，货物运输的条款和条件，以及运费的支付。提单通常包括正面记载事项和背面条款两个部分，正面的事项包括：1. 船名(Ships name)2. 承运人(Carrier)3. 托运人(Shipper)4. 收货人(Consignee)5. 通知方(Notify Party)6. 装货港 (Port of Loading)7. 卸货港 (Port of Discharging)8. 货物的名称 (Description)9. 标志 (Marks)10. 包件的数量和种类(Numbe

55、r and kind of Packages)11. 重量和体积 (Weight or Measurement)12. 运费和其他费用 (Freight and other Charges)13. 货物外表状态 (Cargos Apparent Order and Condition)1-3 课文：The ships port agent, in fact, may be given the task of drawing up bills of lading. If these are subsequently required for letter of credit transactio

56、ns, it is useful that the agent be supplied with appropriate details of that letter of credit so that all relevant material can be included in wording.注释：port agent: 港口代理 task:任务，作业subsequently: 后来，随后 letter of credit:信用证transaction:办理，处理，交易useful:有用的，有益的 supply: 提供，供给 appropriate: 适当的 relevant:有关的，相应的material: 资料，素材 wording: 措词课文意思：实际上，承运人可委托港口代理来制作提单。如果以后的信用证交易也需要使用提单，应给代理适当提供有关信用证的消息资料，这样在提单的措词中就可以包含所有的相关资料。1-4 课文：The main parties on a bill of lading are Shipper,