高考英语语法精讲与精练 ：第二章 名词

1、高考英语语法精讲与精练 ：第二章 名词第二章 名词精讲与精练一、名词讲前练：用所给单词的适当形式填空It was late at night.Two1_(German) were sleeping in their room when,suddenly,one of them,Mrs. Green, was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck. She had three 2_(thousand) dollars in her pocket. “What should I do? Many 3_

2、(thief) usually bring 4_(knife) with them,” She thought in 5_ (silent). And at the same time the thief happened to touch a 6_(sport) suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room, so he went to the next room where two 7_(Frenchman)were sleeping. When he was looking for 8_(money) or so

3、me 9_(jewel) in the next room, Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and called the 10_ (policeman). And then the thief knew what had happened. He was so scared that he took out a knife. Just then the police came up. Before the thief ran away,the police caught him. For Mrs. Green,it was really an u

4、nusual experience.Keys:1.Germans 2.thousand 3.thieves 4.knives 5.silence 6.sports 7.Frenchmen 8.money 9.jewels/jewelry【jewel的复数直接加s;jewelry为不可数名词，表示jewel的总称。】10.police【police可以表示警察，警方，警察部门；call the police报警】二、名词考点精讲：名词考点1、名词的数1.名词的分类：(1)专有名词：专有名词无复数形式。由普通名词构成的专有名词要加定冠词the,如：the Great Wall。the+姓氏名复数形

5、式，则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)。如:the Greens(格林一家人)。(2)普通名词：普通名词又分个体名词，集体名词，物质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词和集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。个体名词:表示单个的人和事物。如car(汽车)、room(房间)、 fan(风扇)、photo(照片)集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的名称。如 family(家庭)、army(军队)、government(政府)、group(集团)物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。如fire(火)、steel(钢)、air (空气)、water(水)、milk(牛奶)抽象名词:表示动

6、作，状态，品质或其他抽象概念。如 labor( 劳动)、health(健康)、life (生活)、friendship(友情)、patience(耐心)2.可数名词复数的变化规则(1).一般情况加s : book- books，house-houses(2).以s、sh、ch、x结尾的加es: class- classes，box-boxes，match-matches(3).辅音字母+ y结尾的变y为 i加es: city-cities country-countries，factory-factories(4).以 o 结尾的词：有生命的词加es,无生命的词加s: hero-heroes,

7、potato-potatoes;radio- radios, zoo-zoos, piano-pianos. photo-photos例外: bamboo-bamboos(5).以f, fe 结尾的变f或fe为v +es: thief-thieves, wife-wives, life-lives, knife-knives例外：belief-beliefs roof-roofs gulf-gulfs3.可数名词的不规则变化(1).常见的不规则变化名词child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women(2).单

8、复数同形的名词Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,works(工厂),means,fish，deer,sheep一句话记忆：Some Chinese,Japanese and Swiss keep some fish,deer and sheep in this works by this means.(3)people,police,cattle(牛)只有复数形式。(4)以s结尾，但仍然为单数。例如：maths, politics,physics等学科名词。news是不可数名词the United States, the United Nations应视为单数。名词考点2、名词作定

9、语(1)名词作定语一般用单数。例如：paper money, an evening paper, city life, office work(2)用复数作定语。例如：sports meeting, sales man/woman/girl(男/女售货员), goods train(货车)，customs papers(海关文件) 【注意：其中goods和customs本身就带有s】(3)数词+名词作定语时，若有连字符，名词用单数；若无连字符，名词用复数加“”.例如：例如：a five-year-plan, a five years plan(4)man和woman做定语时随着被修饰的名词的单

10、复数变化而变化。例如：A man/woman teacher-two men/women teacher名词考点3、名词所有格名词所有格有两种形式：+s式和of式。(1)一般说来，表示有生命的名词和表示时间，国家，距离等名词的所有格用+s式,例如：Marys mother, todays news。(2)表示无生命的事物名词的所有格用of式，例如:the cover of the book。(3)双重所有格：例如：a friend of my fathers, a friend of mine。三、名词应考技巧：1、在语法填空题中，空格处作主语和宾语时，常用名词，考虑把提示词改为名词形式；如果

11、给的是就是名词，则考虑用名词复数形式，这时注意修饰语。2、在改错题中，重点考虑不可数名词是否是用了复数形式，可数名词该用复数的是否用了单数。四、考点精练（一）单句语法填空1.【2021·全国甲卷】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and49(watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.key: watchtowers2.

12、【2021·全国乙卷】It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62 (develop)of the local areas.key: developme

13、nt3.【2021·全国乙卷】69(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment. key: Activities4.【2021·新高考卷】The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57 (human) are. key: humans5.【20

14、21·浙江高考卷】In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 38（marry）ceremony in 1842. key:marriage6.【2020全国卷】Chinese New Year is a 61. (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.key:celebration7.【2020全国卷】Filled with 64 (c

15、urious), the artist packed his bags and left.key:curiosity8.【2020·新高考卷】Historical 44(accurate)is important but so is entertainment.key:accuracy9.【2017全国I卷】This trend,which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61 as a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side 62 (effect)

16、 such as overweight and heart diseasekey:effects10.【2017全国II卷】 It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the roads.key:crowds11.【2017全国II卷】This development was only possible with the 69 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. key:introductio

17、n12.【2017全国III卷】She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).key:education13.【2017全国III卷】She has turned down several 67(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.key:invitations14. 【2016全国I卷】But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract).keys:attraction15.

18、【2016全国I卷】 The nursery team switches him every few 69 ( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,the other is with mum-she never suspects.key:days16.【2016全国II卷】Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve).keys:achievement17.【2016全国II卷】Recen

19、t 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly .keys:studies18.【2016全国III卷】He influenced the 48 (develop)of chopsticks.keys:development19、【2018卷I】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a

20、day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _(cause).key:causes20、【2018卷II】This switch has decreased_(pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.key:pollution21、 I'm a _(science)who studies animals such as apes

21、 and monkeys. Key: scientist(二)单句改错1.【2021年全国甲卷】Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other.key:friend friends2.I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. I also water the flowers in the yard.key:dish

22、dishes3.【2020·全国卷I】Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.key:chopstickchopsticks4.【2020·全国卷II】Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.Key:句意：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子，vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词，后面不可加s表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为va

23、cation。5.【2020·全国卷III】My mom is really concerned with the health of everyone in our families.key:考查名词单复数。句意同上。family当“家庭”讲时，是集合名词，这里表示“我们一个家庭”，所以用单数，families改成family。6.【2019·全国卷I】All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football.Key:考查名词的数。“p

24、layer（运动员）”为可数名词，所以all（所有的）后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。7.【2019·全国卷II】Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I would like to do.key:考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。9.【2018·全国卷I】Last winter when I went here again, they had a big sep

25、arate house to raise dozens of chicken.Keys: chicken改成chickens 考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens of可知，其后用名词复数形式。10.【2016全国I卷】It is always crowded with customers at meal times.key:timestime11.【2016全国I卷】My uncle tells me that the key to success is honest. key:honesthonesty12.【2017全国I卷】The instru

26、ctor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turn left!”. key:wordwords13.【2017全国II卷】Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. key:informationsinformation14.【2017全国III卷】I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the la

27、test music albums.key:differencedifferent15.【2016全国II卷】If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. key:knowledgesknowledge16.【2016全国III卷】The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. key:yearyears17.【2016四川卷】Mom has a full-ti

28、me job,so she has to do most of the houseworks.key: houseworkshousework18.【2016浙江卷】When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years later. key:childrenchild19.【2015陕西卷】Mum taught me some basic step of baking. key:stepsteps20.【2015四川卷】As I tell you last tim

29、e, I made three new friend here.key: friendfriends21.【2015浙江卷】My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass. key: sidesides22.【2015全国II卷】One day , little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.key: parentparents23.【2015全国I卷】The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. key: airsair24、【2018卷I】Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. key:chicken-chickens25、【2018卷II】After supper, we would pla