新编剑桥商务英语unit11

1、LOGOModule 11LOGO11.1 Ethical economicsReading: Coffeenomics1Vocabulary: Financial and trade terms2Speaking: The economics of your country3Grammar: Articles4Listening: Fairtrade5Speaking: Giving reasons and benefits6LOGO1. The two photos below show the beginning and the end of the process of making

2、coffee. Work in pairs. How many stages can you think of in between to complete the process?- coffee grown- coffee picked- coffee transported- coffee packed- coffee sold and shipped- coffee sold on to shops- coffee bought and drunkLOGO2. Write in the correct letter, A-F, for the missing sentences to

3、complete the text. There is one extra sentence.A. This process alone adds at least 50% to its price.B. Here, coffee production is the staple crop for many millions of growers.C. The only bit controlled in the Fairtrade system is the price a farmer is paid for produce.D. Coffee is the second most tra

4、ded commodity in the world after oil.E. It guarantees to pay growers a fixed proportion for their coffee, which is above standard market rates.F. Local council taxes add another 25,000 to that.Coffeenomics: the true cost of our caffeine addiction The next time you hand over 3 for your deluxe cappucc

5、ino, ask yourself how much the roasted beans that went into that cup really cost. For your average cup of coffee, the producer receives roughly 10p thats about 3.5%. This disparity is causing increasing concern among some charities who believe that the excessive profits of coffee shop chains come at

6、 the expense of vulnerable coffee producers in countries like Ethiopia, Kenya or Latin America. (1)_. For example, in Ethiopia alone, 15 million people depend onLOGOthe coffee trade, which constitutes around 50% of the countrys gross domestic product (GDP) and 90% of its exports. The average wage pa

7、id to laborers who pick the beans and work on farms is about 50p a day. So where do the added costs come from? According to experts, by the time it is consumed by us in our homes or in a coffee shop, the bean may actually change hands up to 150 times, each time facing a mark-up as it is transported,

8、 roasted, packaged and sold. (2)_. Then another 10% in export costs with freight and insurance before an importer takes over. Finally, it is sold to us in a coffee shop and running a coffee shop is not cheap. For example, take your typical coffee shop in a shopping precinct, seating 75 inside and 50

9、 outside. The rent is 20,000 a year. (3)_. In other words, even before adding staffing costs and overheads, setting aside an mount for redecoration and maintenance on the property, this particular coffee shop needs to sell a minimumA. This process alone adds at least 50% to its price.B. Here, coffee

10、 production is the staple crop for many millions of growers.C. The only bit controlled in the Fairtrade system is the price a farmer is paid for produce.D. Coffee is the second most traded commodity in the world after oil.E. It guarantees to pay growers a fixed proportion for their coffee, which is

11、above standard market rates.F. Local council taxes add another 25,000 to that.LOGOof 50,000 coffees a year, or 200 coffees a day. Factor in these additional costs and we are probably talking about a break-even total of 400 coffees a day. However, irrespective of how much we end up paying or the reas

12、ons why, the reality is that growers themselves see only a tiny proportion of that amount. Organizations like Fairtrade do try to make a difference. (4)_. For example, a farmer selling a pound of Fairtrade Arabica coffee is paid $1.26 compared to the world market price of $1.10 a pound. The Fairtrad

13、e price also includes 5 which is invested back into community projects. Many shops and coffee bars do now offer Fairtrade coffee to customers alongside their standard offering, but not all of that inflated price goes to the grower. (5)_. After that, mark-ups are determined by the retailers and middl

14、emen. That said, at least Fairtrade is one small step that does help farmers around the world get a better price for their products.A. This process alone adds at least 50% to its price.B. Here, coffee production is the staple crop for many millions of growers.C. The only bit controlled in the Fairtr

15、ade system is the price a farmer is paid for produce.D. Coffee is the second most traded commodity in the world after oil.E. It guarantees to pay growers a fixed proportion for their coffee, which is above standard market rates.F. Local council taxes add another 25,000 to that.LOGO3. These four visu

16、al aids refer to the economics of the coffee trade. Read the article above and write in the missing facts and figures in these visual aids.3Only (1)_ goes to the grower.EXPORTS10% = OTHER90% = (7)_10p (pence)coffeeLOGOCoffee Shop OutgoingsSalaries 115,000(5)_ 65,000(6)_ 20,000Overheads 80,50011.051.

17、11.151.21.251.3World $1.10Fairtrade (8)$_Key facts: Ethiopia(2)_ million people in coffee trade(3)_% of GDP(4)_ pence = a laborers pay per day155050rentservice charge1.26LOGOVocabulary: Financial and trade termsMatch these definitions to the words in bold in the article.1. People who handle goods be

18、tween the producer and the retailer. _2. A large difference (in price, for example). _3. Be bought and sold. _4. Cost of heating, lighting and electricity. _5. Take items into account to calculate costs. _6. The amount needed to pay costs before profit. _7. The amount added to the product when it is

19、 sold. _8. Goods which are transported by ships, planes, lorries, etc. _9. The total value of goods and services produced by a country in one year. _10. Organizations which help and represent the interests of a group of people in need, _disparity charities gross domestic product change hands mark-up

20、 freight overheads factor in break-even total middlemenmiddlemendisparitychange handsoverheadsfactor inbreak-even totalmark-upfreightgross domestic productcharitiesLOGOSpeaking: The economics of your countryWork in small groups and discuss the following questions about each of your countries. If you

21、 dont know all the answers to the questions, try to find out for the next lesson and prepare a short presentation.1) Is there a large disparity between rich and poor in your country?2) Do you think the disparity between poor and rich countries can be controlled? Should it be controlled?* The top 20%

22、 of the population consumes 50% of overall national income, while the bottom 20% have to make do with a mere 4.7%.* Income inequality has worsened rapidly.* If these trends continue there could be serious social unrest.* Rich countries can support poor countries in finance, technology, education, cu

23、lture, health care donation or low-interest loan.* International organizations formulate favorable policies in support of poor countries.* International agencies can strengthen national efforts to achieve greater equity.LOGO3) What are some of the biggest charities in your country? Do they have much

24、 influence over your government and businesses?4) What are the most important products and services for your countrys GDP?* Among biggest charities in China are China Charity Federation, Red Cross Society of China, Chinese Red Cross Foundation, China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation, Project Hope,

25、 to mention a few.* Influence and assist governments decisions* Help government effectively in times of natural disasters.* Important products and services for Chinas GDP include coal, power, steel, house-hold appliances, financing, catering and tourism.* IT products and services, electromechanical

26、products, financing and tourism are pillar industries for national economy in China.LOGOGrammar: ArticlesWrite in the missing articles the, a, an or 0 (the zero article) in this text about Fairtrade.(1)_ Fairtrade is (2)_ international certification mark used in 21 countries as (3)_ marketing initia

27、tive to help developing nations. Britain has (4)_ largest Fairtrade market in (5)_ world, which has seen (6)_ amazing increase over the last five years. The organization is also strong in (7)_ Netherlands, where Fairtrade first started, and in Switzerland and Scandinavia. Originally started in 1989

28、as (8)_ scheme to help poor producers, (9)_ Fairtrade Foundation was established three years later. Now there are over (10)_ 550 certified producers representing over one million farmers in 52 countries.LOGO语法小结要点解释：语法小结要点解释：定冠词the用于1）某些国名，2）形容词最高级，3）独一无二的事物，4）之前已提到过的人或者事物 eg. The United States is a

29、mong those countries interested. China is the biggest producer of these goods. Whos the supplier in your country? The leaders will hold talks on trade.不定冠词a, an用于1）工作，2）单数名词，3）一些数字。 eg. Im a finance director. This is an international certification mark. I only have a hundred left.以下场合不用冠词（0冠词）：1）城市、

30、乡镇及大多数国名，2）复数名词 eg. Madrid is my favorite destination. When do you fly to China? Leaders of the G8 countries are meeting in Toronto this weekend.LOGOListening: Fairtrade1. Can you buy these Fairtrade products in your country? Would you buy these products even if they were more expensive? Why? Why no

31、t?LOGOLOGOAs to cosmetics, the most famous is the Body Shop, pioneers of fair trade for 20 years now.They arent cheap, but theyre ethically right and usually of extremely high quality.Ethical buying / shopping can mean buying products from companies or stores who care about the ethics of what they p

32、roduce; and boycotting the ones who dont.Shop / buy with a clear conscienceSpend ethicallyEthical and sustainable goodsImportant to support local workers or farmers and their rightsLOGO2. Listen to an interview with Ian Bretman, the deputy director of the Fairtrade Foundation. Choose the best ending

33、 A, B or C for each sentence 1-8.1) The Fairtrade Foundation began in A. 1989. B. 1990. C. 19922) When the United States withdrew from the international coffee agreement, the price of coffee decreased by A. 50% B. 0.5% C. twenty million.3) One way Fairtrade helps farmers is by giving advice on how t

34、o A. diversify by growing other crops. B. produce more coffee. C. be profitable in a global market.4) One of Fairtrades main messages to governments is that A. trade can be managed more effectively. B. economic growth is the best strategy. C. they must invest more in producers.LOGO5. Ian believes th

35、at Fairtrade and free trade A. cannot both exist. B. can operate together. C. are basically the same thing.6. Even though a country may increase its wealth through business, this does not guarantee A. it can compete internationally. B. everyone receives the benefits. C. social justice.7. If producer

36、s are successful, they will also A. invest in the economy. B. become the people who buy products. C. be able to supply more coffee.8. As well as improving its public image, a Fairtrade company will A. sell more. B. attract more talented staff. C. attract well-informed consumers.LOGOListening scriptI

37、 = Interviewer IB = Ian BretmanI: So, Ian. I understand that the original idea for Fairtrade came in 1989. How did it happen?IB: Actually, the Fairtrade Foundation itself was finally set up in 1992, but yes, youre right, the catalyst for the spread of Fairtrade was three years earlier when the inter

38、national coffee agreement that controlled prices collapsed with the withdrawal of the US. At that time coffee was the worlds biggest agricultural commodity. In a few months the price fell by half. It was a huge disaster for the twenty million people growing and processing coffee around the world. Ma

39、ny of the producing countries were dependent on coffee for over half their exports.I: Can you give us some examples of how you help, exactly?IB: One way is that we encourage producers to learn how to compete effectively in international markets. We help farmers coming into the system to develop the

40、capacity to cope with fulfilling demand and we set a minimum guaranteed price for their products.LOGOI: I see. But as well as helping farmers directly, you also have influence on governments, dont you? I mean, governments are talking more and more about fairer global tradeIB: Yes, were finding that

41、the issues weve been talking about for the past ten years are moving up the agenda. For example, were having more of a debate on how we can achieve economic growth and social justice, as both are needed. As a result, leaders of larger Fairtrade organizations have been invited to high-level internati

42、onal meetings and economic forums. We can use our experience to illustrate to governments how trade can be better managed.I: But how do you convince people who say economic growth is the answer to everything? Dont these people argue that Fairtrade isnt good for free trade?IB: Well, I worked in busin

43、ess for a long time and so I understand the need for a free market, but it seems unlikely to me that when it comes to social problems, like global poverty, the answer is just an economic one, because social choices have to be made, too. Our point is really about priorities. Increasing flows of trade

44、 will help wealth but that does not necessarily guarantee that this wealth goes down to the people who need it most. That requires a little bit more management. Fairtrade has practical experience on LOGOthe ground in how you can combine the best of both. How you can get people to operate effectively

45、 and competitively while trading in a way that producers can earn a decent living and improve their lives. In the long run, if they do improve their lives, they too will become consumers and purchasers.I: So is this the message you give businesses to make them change to Fairtrade products?IB: Its in

46、 the interest of any business to take the message on board, not only to improve their public image but also as a recruiting tool for the future. They younger generation is well informed and wants to be part of the solution. Companies find that having a social conscience has a positive effect on recr

47、uiting and retaining good staff. Staff get excited about persuading consumers to buy products that make a difference to peoples lives.I: It sounds like thats what motivates you, too.IB: For my part yes- meeting the producers and seeing what a difference Fairtrade can make to their lives is really qu

48、ite inspiring.LOGOSpeaking: Giving reasons and benefitsA coffee shop in your town is thinking of selling Fairtrade coffee. However, it is concerned that this may be more expensive.Imagine you and your partner work for Fairtrade. You are going to try and convince the coffee shop to use coffee from yo

49、ur producers. Discuss and prepare: * A list of reasons why the coffee shop should change. * A list of benefits for the coffee shop, its staff and its customers.Afterwards, present your ideas to the rest of the class.LOGO* A list of reasons why the coffee shop should change. * A list of benefits for

50、the coffee shop, its staff and its customers.- protect poor farmers and their rights- an indication of caring about the ethics of what they sell- positive image of being friendly to environment and coffee growers- consumers likely to pay more for ethically-traded coffee- feel good and comfortable be

51、cause its ethically right.- give one a sense of doing something for poor farmers.- buy with a clear conscience- Fairtrade coffee usually enjoys high quality which would benefit the customer.LOGOA proposalDescribing trendsAlternative energy sourcesGood greedSpeakingWritingVocabularyReading11.2 Discus

52、sing trendsListeningReasons for trendsSpeakingDiscussing trendsLOGOSpeaking: Alternative energy sources1. With some types of energy running out, countries are looking at alternative ways of producing energy for the future. To do this will require financial investment. Which of these would you invest

53、 your money in? Explain why?LOGOW i n d p o w e r h a s a l r e a d y b e e n implemented in many countries though some people say it can never provide enough energy on its own. The initial cost is also very high.Solar power is being widely used either on peoples own houses or in the form of huge ar

54、eas of land with solar panels. The cost of technology is falling for this energy so it looks like a good investment. LOGOBio fuels which make use of residue from plants are already used in some cars. They look set to provide one solution to the lack of petrol fuels.Coal is criticized for the polluti

55、on it creates and many countries are looking at alternatives which suggests it isnt a good investment. However, in some parts of the world such as China there are huge coal reserves which are only now being mined and used in power station. In this case coal may still be a good investment but be bad

56、for the environment.LOGOWave power has many of the same pros and cons as wind power.Nuclear power has attracted bad publicity in the past but more recently many governments have returned to the idea of building nuclear power stations in the next century in order to solve the potential shortage of en

57、ergy. Private investment may yet provide good returns.LOGOReading: Good greed 1. Now read the article on the next page about investing in solar power. Choose the best word A,B,C or D to fill in the gaps 1-15.90 93 96 99 02 035040302010 0Average price in cents per kwh for residential electricityCost

58、of solar energy per kilowatt-hourLOGO“Good Greed” Do you want to know how to (1)_ money and do you bit for the environment? Investing (2)_ something that will save the planet is becoming easier as the private (3)_ begins to step in with powerful, profitable-driven for huge world problems. Take energ

59、y, for example. More and more investors are now looking to risk huge (4)_ in alternative energies safe in the knowledge that the world is not safe from carbon emissions. Solar power is one such case. There are a dozen or so (5)_ traded companies that manufacture solar materials or systems. And some

60、big-name billion-stocks; one producer of high-efficiency solar-power cells, for example, was recently trading (7)_ the stock market at more than 166 times earnings.1. A. do B. make C. have D. give2. A. of B. in C. by D. for3. A. sector B. company C. department D. division4. A. dollars B. cash C. amo