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四柱式两层自动立体车库设计含14张CAD图,文本
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外文文献Type, Application and Intelligence of Stereo Mechanical GarageNowadays, the problem of nowhere parking vehicles is the result of the development of society, economy and traffic in cities to a certain extent. The development of three-dimensional parking equipment in foreign countries, especially in Japan, has a history of nearly 30-40 years. It has been successful both in technology and experience. China began to research and develop mechanical three-dimensional parking equipment in the early 1990s. It has been 10 years since then. Because the ratio of household to parking space is 1:1 in many new residential districts, in order to solve the contradiction between parking space and residential commercial area, stereo mechanical parking equipment has been accepted by the majority of users because of its small average bicycle area. Taking the parking garage of urban residential area as the research background, aiming at the problem of parking difficulty in residential area, the advantages and disadvantages of the existing mechanical parking equipment in the market are analyzed, and the non-avoidance requirement is put forward on the basis of simple lifting parking equipment. The scheme of three-dimensional garage suitable for urban residential area is determined. The scheme realizes the function of no-avoidance access vehicle by three action combinations of walking, turning and lifting. The core devices of the garage are studied: the walking device, the rotary device and the lifting device of the three-dimensional garage, including the design of the motion principle and structure of each device; the design and calculation of the transmission system of each device; the selection of the driving motor, the rotary bearing, the wire rope and other functional components; the use of Solidworks three-dimensional software to load the walking axle, the walking wheel, the column, the loading plate, etc. Finite element analysis of larger components.Stereo garage is a mechanical parking equipment designed to solve the problem of insufficient parking space in cities. By using the three-dimensional garage, the limited parking space will be expanded several times to meet peoples demand for parking space. There are many kinds of stereo garage, each has its advantages and disadvantages. Most of them are lifting and transverse three-dimensional garage equipment on the market, which has the advantages of strong adaptability and is widely used, but each group of equipment must leave at least one vacancy, and there is no function to prevent inclined falling by chain pulling. The three-dimensional garage designed in this paper consists of upper and lower layers, upper layers are mechanical parking spaces and lower layers are normal parking spaces. On the basis of simple lifting garage, this paper puts forward the function of no avoidance, which makes the access of upper and lower vehicles not affect each other through three action combinations of walking, rotating and lifting. The parking of the vehicle can be completed by the simple control equipment of the owner.At present, the three-dimensional garage mainly has the following forms: lifting and transverse, roadway stacking, plane moving, vertical lifting, vertical cycling, box horizontal cycling, circular horizontal cycling, electrical automation and so on.1. Lift and transverse movementThe lifting and transverse three-dimensional garage adopts modular design. Each unit can be designed into two, three, four, five, and half-underground forms. The number of parking spaces ranges from several to hundreds. This three-dimensional garage is suitable for ground and underground parking. It has flexible configuration and low cost.The features of the lifting and transverse moving products are as follows: saving land, flexible configuration and construction week; low price, less investment in fire fighting, external decoration and civil foundation; automatic control, simple structure, safety and reliability; fast access vehicle, short waiting time; smooth operation, low working noise, etc. It is suitable for the use of auxiliary parking lots in commercial, government and residential districts.Safety devices include: anti-falling device, photoelectric sensor, limit protector, emergency stop switch, etc.2. Roadway stackingRoadway stacking stereo garage uses stacker as a tool to access vehicles. All vehicles are accessed by stacker. Therefore, the technical requirements of stacker are higher and the cost of single stacker is higher. Therefore, the roadway stacking stereo garage is suitable for customers who need more parking spaces.3. Vertical Lifting Stereo GarageVertical lifting garage is similar to elevators working principle. It arranges parking spaces on both sides of the elevator. Generally, the ground needs a vehicle turntable, which can save the driver from turning around. Vertical lifting garage is generally high in height (tens of meters), which requires high security of equipment, processing and installation accuracy, so the cost is high, but occupies the smallest space.4. Vertical CirculationVertical recycling garage products have the following characteristics: less land occupation, two parking spaces can park 6-10 vehicles; external decoration can only add roof, fire hydrant can be used for fire fighting; low price, less investment in foundation, external decoration, fire fighting, short construction cycle; automatic control can be used, safe and reliable operation.5. Planar Moving TypeThe mechanical parking equipment for multi-level moving access and parking of vehicles can be realized by using a moving trolley or crane on the same floor, or by moving the carriage plate horizontally. The mechanical parking equipment for multi-level moving access and parking of vehicles can also be realized by using a moving platform and a lifter.Features: Each floor platform and elevator moves separately, which improves the speed of vehicle entering and leaving the garage, freely utilizes underground space, and can reach thousands of parking units; when some areas break down, it does not affect the normal operation of other areas, so it is more convenient to use; the driver-centered design method is adopted to improve the comfort; a variety of insurance measures are adopted to ensure safety. Excellent ability; comprehensive management through computer and touch screen interface, can monitor the operation of equipment in an all-round way, and the operation is simple.6. Simple Lifting CategorySimple lifting parking equipment is simpler in structure than lifting and transversal parking equipment. Parking spaces on the ground floor can be accessed directly and parking spaces under the ground can be lifted to the ground by lifting mechanism and stored or taken out. This type of garage has another feature: it is usually hidden underground, looks like flat ground, parking, and keeps the landscape unchanged. Simple lifting equipment has many other forms. It uses pitching mechanism to store or take out vehicles. When accessing the above vehicles, the following vehicles need to be driven out, so it is commonly known as the mother-child machine. This is another kind of mother machine with chain drive.Simple elevator parking equipment is easy to operate. For enterprises, institutions, residential areas and some independent private houses, parking spaces are often increased at least twice under the same area. Vertical elevator garage is also called elevator garage because of its similar operation mode and elevator. It is also called tower garage because of its independent garage like tower. The rate is very high.7. Electrical AutomationElectrical automation technology mainly refers to a technology that promotes the degree of automation of the system through modern scientific and technological means. Effective application of electrical automation technology will help to promote the overall work efficiency of various industries. Reasonable application of electrical automation technology in three-dimensional garage equipment not only helps to promote the systems scalability and operational reliability, but also effectively controls the automatic operation of the three-dimensional garage through scientific application of terminal display, computer and various control technologies, realizes effective monitoring of the garages operational status and promotes the automation level of the system. Rise.The system includes the main frame, control system, safety protection system and toll collection system, among which, the main frame of different types of stereo garage also has great differences. Based on the working principle, stereo garage can be divided into vertical cycle, horizontal cycle and lifting and transverse shift categories. As far as the control system is concerned, most of the main control equipments used are PLC, which makes the garage operate effectively under the normal and stable control.The control system will transmit the garage information to the industrial computer to ensure that the industrial computer can effectively monitor the garage implementation and operation, at the same time, it is also responsible for receiving the control commands of the industrial computer. The control system is responsible for reading the information of the sensor system. It also needs to issue control instructions to the transmission system based on the corresponding information to effectively control the work of the transmission system. As far as toll collection system is concerned, its main function is to charge vehicles according to their residence time and corresponding charging standards, which can be collected manually or by swiping cards. The main purpose of the design of safety protection system is to implement effective safety measures for a variety of security problems that may occur during the vehicle inventory pickup stage.First, the function of safety protection. In order to promote the operation of the three-dimensional garage system to play a higher safety role, and to better maintain the declarations and property safety of the relevant personnel, in the process of designing the three-dimensional garage system, through the effective use of automation control technology, corresponding protective measures have been taken against various security problems that may occur, for example, the parking of vehicles in the carriage board is not in place. In the safe area, the system will issue corresponding warnings. When vehicles enter and leave the warehouse, they will sense the existence of obstacles through sensors. If there are obstacles, the system will also give warnings. The establishment of a three-dimensional garage safety protection system based on automation technology is helpful to greatly improve the operation safety and reliability of the three-dimensional garage.Second, the monitoring function. If we only rely on manual monitoring method to monitor the three-dimensional garage, it will not only consume a lot of financial and human resources, but also seriously affect the overall quality of work and efficiency. Based on the application of electrical automation technology, not only can we effectively monitor the stereo garage through centralized control and distributed control, but also can we design the bus monitoring mode according to the actual construction situation of the stereo garage. It not only helps to improve the flexibility of monitoring, save a lot of manpower and financial resources, but also helps to improve the overall monitoring. Body effect.Third, the automatic control function. The upper industrial control computer of the distributed three-dimensional garage system is mainly responsible for promoting the corresponding PLC system to play a higher automatic control function, displaying the operation information of the system transmitted by the PLC, and giving the command to the PLC, so as to promote its effect on the lower execution and detection components. The main responsibility of the middle-level distributed PLC is to control and execute the instructions issued by the industrial control computer and act on the lower layer after they are effectively processed. After receiving the information, the lower layer transmits the corresponding information to the industrial control computer through the communication bus to display, and different PLCs can communicate with each other through the communication bus.Many people confuse the planar mobile garage with the ramp stacking garage in appearance, but in fact, the planar mobile garage uses elevators to transport vehicles to different planes, and then carries the trolley vehicles to the parking space to complete the storage process. When taking out the car, it also takes the vehicle out of the parking space through the trolley, and then carries the vehicle to the exit trolley through the elevator in addition to handling. Besides the function of the vehicle, it is also an important switching agency, which is responsible for converting the vehicle from the elevator to the trolley, from the trolley to the parking space, or vice versa, some of the trolleys also have the function of turning, so that the vehicle can be realized in the process of handling, and some of the planar Mobile garages adopt the form of track exchange. Planar mobile garage is a large-scale automatic garage with high density and fast access to vehicles. It is an ideal type of garage for the busy commercial center gymnasium of airport station.Intelligence of three-dimensional mechanical garage is also very important. In general, the technologies required by the operating system include a variety of project equipment, including automatic vehicle identification equipment previously analyzed; closed-circuit television monitoring system equipment, which uses television cameras to monitor traffic conditions on the street; driver information equipment, electronic payment of various types of most commonly used variable information sign panels, using electronic equipment, inductance, magnetism or intelligence. Energy card technology; electronic parking meter can effectively control how long vehicles parked on the street, collect checks; and computers. We suggest that the equipment and service specifications of the standard should always be followed, and that some systems already implemented in the region should always be followed to ensure easier adaptation.In the field of transportation technology, the establishment of system architecture can foster more reasonable and effective development. In the specific case of parking facilities, the introduced equipment can define how to correlate with each other to ensure that the data from the field is continuously collected through the information transmitted to the user, providing guidance for vacant parking spaces. In order to build a complete system architecture, some procedures should be considered: service providing detailed description, defining all user interfaces and auxiliary systems; the construction of the logical structure of the system, determining an effective data transmission chain; the construction of the physical structure of the system means organizing data transmission equipment connection; in addition to the construction and development planning for equipment implementation and installation. During the process, the communication between system components and the definition of layout are analyzed, and the suitability of the equipment is checked after installation and testing. It should be emphasized that some preliminary interchangeability issues emerging at this stage may indicate the need to modify the defined architecture. Its always a good idea to run pilot tests and install some equipment to ensure perfect operation.Finally, the development of the research embodies the implementation of parking management system, which supports the improvement of parking area control, maintains the balance between supply and demand, and even provides guidance in the parking lot to find a parking space for drivers, shortens travel time and reduces traffic flow interference. This approach also intentionally gives systems and facilities to reduce urban traffic congestion, including reducing transport costs and possible environmental benefits. It is important to emphasize that the adoption of this system will help to standardize these services and stimulate the competitive advantage of the management of public transport institutions in parking facilities. By providing a more balanced utilization of parking spaces in the areas concerned, parking administrators can increase productivity and thus their income. It also provides stricter control and minimizes activities to check the impact of illegal parking more effectively, in addition to a better parking management system, streamlined traffic flow and improved safety.中文翻译立体机械车库类型、应用及智能化当今车辆无处停放的问题是城市的社会、经济、交通发展到一定程度产生的结果，立体停车设备的发展在国外，尤其在日本已有近30-40年的历史，无论在技术上还是在经验上均已获得了成功，我国也于90年代初开始研究开发机械立体停车设备，距今已有十年的历程。由于很多新建小区内住户与车位的配比为1: 1,为了解决停车位占地面积与住户商用面积的矛盾，立体机械停车设备以其.平均单车占地面积小的独特性，已被广大用户接受。以城市居民小区停车库为研究背景，针对小区停车难这一问题，分析了市场现有的机械式停车设备的优缺点，在 简易升降式停车设备的基础上提出了无避让的需求对其进行研究。确定了适合城市小区使用的立体车库的方案。该方案 通过行走、回转、提升三个动作组合实现无避让存取车的功能。研究了该车库的核心装置:立体车库的行走装置、回转装 置、提升装置，包括对各装置运动原理及结构组成的设计;对各装置传动系统的设计计算;对驱动电机、回转支承、轴承、 钢丝绳等功能件的选型;利用Solideworks三维软件对行走轴、行走轮、立柱、载车板等受载较大部件的有限元分析。立体车库是为了解决城市停车位不足而设计的机械式停车设备。通过使用立体车库，将有限的车位扩増数倍，以满足人们对车位的需求。立体车库种类繁多，各有优缺点。其中市面上大多是升降横移式立体车库设备，其优点是适应性强，使用十分普遍，但每组设备必须留有至少一个空位，通过链条牵动没 有防止倾斜坠落功能。本文设计的立体车库为上下两层，上层为机械式车位，下层为正常车位。在简易升降类车库的基础上提出了无避让的功能，通过行走、旋转、提升三个动作组合，使上下两层车辆的存取互不影响。通过车主简单的控制设备即可完成车辆的停放。目前，立体车库主要有以下几种形式:升降横移式、巷道堆垛式、平面移动式、垂直升降式、垂直循环式、箱型水平循环式、圆形水平循环式、电气自动化式等。1、升降横移式升降横移式立体车库采用模块化设计，每单元可设计成两层、三层、四层、五层、半地下等多种形式，车位数从几个到上百个,此立体车库适用于地面及地下停,车场，配置灵活，造价低。升降横移式的产品特点有：节省占地，配置灵活，建设周；价格低，消防、外装修、土建地基等投资少；可采用自动控制，构造简单,安全可靠；存取车迅速，等候时间短；运行平稳，工作噪声低等。适用于商业、机关、住宅小区配套停车场的使用。安全装置有：防坠装置，光电传感器、限位保护器、急停开关等。2、巷道堆垛式巷道堆垛式立体车库采用堆垛机作为存取车辆的工具，所有车辆均由堆垛机进行存取，因此，对堆垛机:的技术要求较高，单台堆垛机成本较高，所以巷道堆垛式立体车库适用于车位数需要较多的客户使用。3、垂直升降式立体车库垂直升降式立体车库类似于电梯的工作原理，在提升机的两侧布置车位，一般地面需一个汽车旋转台，可省去司机掉头。垂直提升式立体车库一般高度较高(几十米)，对设备的安全性，加工安装精度等要求都很高，因此造价较高，但占地却最小。垂直循环式垂直循环式的车库产品特点有：占地少，两个泊位面积可停6-10辆车；外装修可只加顶棚，消防可利用消防栓；价格低，地基、外装修、消防等投资少，建设周期短；可采用自动控制，运行安全可靠。5、平面移动式采用在同一层上用搬运台车或起重机平面移动车辆，或使载车板平面横移实现存取停放车辆，亦可用搬运台和升降机配合实现多层平面移动存取停放车辆的机械式停车设备。特点：每层的车台和升降机分别动作，提高了车辆的出入库速度，可自由利用地下空间，停车规模可达到数千台;部分区域发生故障时，不影响其他区域的正常运行，因此使用更加方便;采用以车辆驾驶员为中心的设计方法，提高了舒适性;采取多种保险措施，安全性能卓越;通过计算机和触屏界面进行综合管理，可全面监视设备的运行状况，并且操作简单。6、简易升降类简易升降类停车设备在结构上比升降横移类更简单，处于地面层的车位可以直接存取，处于地下的车位，借助升降机构将车辆升到地面再存入或取出。这是垂直升降半地下3层，也有半地下2层的，这种类型的车库的另一个特点,是平时隐藏地下，看上去与平地,停车一样，保持景观不变。简易升降类设备还有其他多种形式,这是采用俯仰机构将车辆存入或取出，当存取上面的车辆时，需将下面的车开出，因此俗称子母机。这是另外一种，采用链条传动的子母机。简易升降类停车设备机构简单操作容易，为企事业单位住宅小区以及一些独立私人住宅经常采用在面积相同的条件下至少增加一倍以上的停车位，垂直升降类车库因运行方式和电梯相似，又被称为电梯式车库，又因独立的车库像塔而被称为塔库,这种类型的车库利用率很高。电气自动化式电气自动化技术主要指的是一种经由现代化的科学技术手段，促进系统自动化程度提升的技术。对电气自动化技术加以有效应用，有助于促进各行业的整体工作效率提升。在立体车库装置中合理应用电气自动化技术，不仅有助于促进系统的可扩展性以及运行可靠性提升，通过科学应用终端显示、计算机及多种控制技术的方式，也能对立体车库的自动运行加以有效控制，实现对车库实施运行状态
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