中考英语三大从句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)

1、中考英语专项复习一一宾语从句】(一)宾语从句的种类宾语从旬在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1 .由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesn ' t know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2 .由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副

2、词 when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I don ' t know why thf®in is late.3 .由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是 是否"。例如：I want to know if (w

3、hether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.(二)宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为 陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isn ' t easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when we ' ll have the meeting.(三)宾语从句的时态1 .如果主句的时态是一般现在时、宾语从句该用什

4、麽时态就用什麽时态。I don ' t think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2 .如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时, 过去进行时，过 去将来时，过去完成时)。例如：He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written

5、to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3 .如果宾语从句所陈述的是 客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如:Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.汪忠:运用虚拟语气的情况在表示建议suggest、 advise、 propose;要求 demand、 desire request决定decide; 命令order、comma

6、nd、require;坚决主张insist;等动词后跟宾语从句，用虚拟语气: (should) +v.(原形)Eg: I suggested that you (should) study hard.He ordered that we (should )go out at once171 . Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me?A. where you buy itB. where do you buy itC. where you bought itD. where did you buy it2 .Excuse me .Could you

7、 tell me I can get to the Space Museum?-Of course. You can take bus No.1.A. whereB. howC. ifD. why3 .Do you know the new mobile phone last week?-Maybe 900 yuan. I ' not quite sure.A. how much she paid for B. how much will she pay for C. how much did she pay for4 . Michael Jordan has failed over

8、and over again in his life.And that' s he succeedsA. whatB. whenC. whyD. where5. Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie. Its aboutA. how did Alice end the Red QueenB. what did Alice end the Red QueenC. how Alice ended the Red QueenD. what Alice ended the Red Queen，s reign(ferror台)'s reign

9、of terrors reign of terroro付eeign6 . Do you know the girl in red is?I ' m not sure. Maybe a teacher.A. whenB. howC. whereD. what7 .What did your parents thank about your decision?-They always let me do I think I should.A. whenB. thatC. how8. I want to know.A. when we should arrive at the airport

10、C. when the airport we should arrive atD. whatB. when should we arrive at the airportD. when the airport should we arrive at9. -Would you please tell me?C. when does the train leaveC. when I can meet CathyD. how-At 10:00 this evening.A. when will the train leave B. when the train will leave10Could y

11、ou tell me?-Fill in this form and I will give you a card.A. how I can meet Cathy B. where I can meet Cathy 11. -Do you know the man with sunglasses is?-I ' m not sure. Maybe a reporter.A. whoB. whatC. where12. -Tommy, do you know if Frank to the zoo this Sunday if it?-Sorry, I have no idea.A. wi

12、ll go; is fine B. goes; is fine C. will go; is going to be fineD. goes; will be fine13. No one can be sure in a million years.A. what man looks likeB. what will man look likeC. what man looked likeD. what man will look like14. Sue told me that she shopping with her sister the next day.A. will go B.

13、would go C. goes D. has gone15. The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder.A. how much it cost B. how much did it cost C. how much it costs D. how much does it cost16. -When do you think?-About half past five. I will pick him up at the airport.A. he will come B. will he come C. did he come D. he

14、came17. Our teacher told us the sun in the east.A. riseB. roseC. risingD. rises18. -Listen! It is still noisy in the head teacher ' s office.-Go and see they have finished correcting the papers yet.A. though B. whetherC. unlessD. while19. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?-Sorry. I don

15、' t know.A. when did he go abroadB. why he is going abroadC. how soon will he be backD. how long he will stay abroad20. -Do you know the man with sunglasses is?-I ' m not sure. Maybe a reporter.A. whoB. whatC. whereD. how1-5 CBACC 6-10 DDABA11【解析】选B 12【解析】选Ao结合题意汤姆，如果天气好的话，你知道弗兰克这个星期六将去 动物园吗

16、？ ”可知第一个空是宾语从句，要用一般将来时，第二个空是条件状语从句，要用一般现在 时，故排除B、C、D三项，选A。13【解析】选Do从语序方面先排除B,另结合时间状语in a million years可知要用一般将来时，14【解析】选Bo结合主句中的told和从句中的the next day可知要用过去将来时，故排除 A、C、D 三项15【解析】选C16【解析】选A。问句是带有插入语do you think的宾语从句，要用陈述语序，先排除 B、C二项； 另结合答句中的will pick him up可知要用一般将来时，故舍 D选A。17【解析】选Do从句中所说 太阳从东边升起”是客观事实，

17、所以不管主句用什么时态，从句总是用 一般现在时，故正确答案为 D.18【解析】选Bo考查whether引导的宾语从句。结合题意 去看看他们是否已改完了试卷”19【解析】选D20【解析】选Bo四个选项都可以引导宾语从句，结合答语“Maybe a reporte何知向句是在询问人的职业，故正确答案为Bo题意为 你知道那个戴眼镜的男人是做什么的吗？”中考英语专项复习一一状语从句】状语从句用来修饰主句中的 动词、副词和形容词 的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为 时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。1 .时间状语从句(1

18、)时间状语从句常用 when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon aS!词来引导。It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.After he finished mi

19、ddle school, he went to work in a factory.(2)在时间状语从句里,通常不用将来时杰，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。I ' ll ring you up as soon a get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He won' t belve it until he sees it with his own eyes.2 .条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless弓I导。What shall we do if it snows tomo

20、rrow?Don' t leavehe building unless I tell you to.(2)在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。I ' ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow.He won' t be late unless is ill.(3)祈使句+ and (or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。Study hard and you will pass the exam. = If you study hard, you will pass t

21、he exam.3 .原因状语从句原因状语从句通常由because, since, asl导。He didn ' t come to schoolcause he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you can ' t answer the question, I ' ll ask someone else.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由 why 提出的问题，只能用because As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的

22、原因。由 as和since弓I 导的原因状语从居多放在句首。Why aren ' t going there?Because I don ' t want to.As he has no car, he can ' t get there easily.Since we have no money, we can ' t buy it.becaus琲口 so不能同用在一个句子里。4 .结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由sothat, such - that, so用恭。He is so poor thathe can ' t buy a bike for

23、his sonShe is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk, so thatI couldn ' t see it.(2)so that语 such.that可以互换。在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。具结构是：”.so形容词(副词)+ that + 从句例如： The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或

24、复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such 10ng arms that he could almost touch the ceiling(天花板)He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。It was such a wonderful film that all of u

25、s wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.如果名词前由 many, much, little, few 等词修饰时，只能用 so, 不用 such。Soon there were so many deer that they ate

26、 up all the wild roses.He has so little time that he can ' t go to the cinema 电影） with you.5 .比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由asas,比较级+ than 等连词引导。Tom runs faster than John does.6 .目的状语从句（1）目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that （为了，以便）引导。We started early so that we could catch the first train.He studies hard so that

27、he could work better in the future.We used the computer in order that we might save time.（2）so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1）目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词 can, could, may, might等。2）从意思上看，目的状语从何往往表示 的目的很明确。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you.|l 的状语从句）Jack is badly 川 so that he has to rest.

28、（结果状语从句）7 .让步状语从句（1）让步状语从句通常由although, though冬管，虽然）等连词引导。Though he is young, he knows a lot.Although I am tired, I must go on working.（2）although（though）不能用在同一个句子中。并且句子中不能再用but。我们不能说： Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out或者：It was raining

29、 hard, but he still went out.（二 者单独用，但是汉语翻译的时候，可以把 but的含义“但是”翻译出来）8 .地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由 where来引导。例如： Where there is a will, there is a way.总结：状语从句分类及常用连词：类别连词时间状语从旬when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, onc e但）地点状语从旬where, wherever原因状语从旬because, since, as, for, now that既然，由于）目的状语从句in or

30、der that（为了,以便）,so that结果状语从句so that, so that, such that, that条件状语从句if, unless, as(so)long as让步状语从旬though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever比较状语从句 asas, so as, than方式状语从句 as, as if, as though【中考链接】1. he ' s old, he can still carry thisyibag.A. Though B. Since C. For D. So2. -Do y

31、ou know if he to play basket ball with us?-1 think he will come if he free tomorrow.A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be3. In the zoo if a child into the water and can ' t swim, the dolphins may come up him.A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help C. will fall; he

32、lp D. falls; helping4. I don ' t remember he worked in that city when he was young.A. what B. which C. where D. who5. We will stay at home if my aunt to visit us tomorrow.A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming6. The police asked the children cross the street the traffic lights turned green.A

33、. not; before B. don ' t; wherC. not to; until D. not; after7. I was late for class yesterday there was something wrong with my bike.A. when B. that C. until D. because8. I 'll go swimming with you if I free tomorrow.A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was9. In the exam, the you are,the mistakes

34、 you will make.A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less10. You should finish your lessons you go out to play.A. before B. after C. when D. while11. I hurried I wouldn ' t be late for class.A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless12. When you read the

35、book you ' d better make a mark you have any questions.A. which B. that C. where D. though13. The teacher raised his voice all the students could hear him.A. for B. so that C. because D. in order14. He took off his coat he felt hot.A. because B. as C. if D. since15. It is that wed like to go out

36、 for a walk.A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day 16. Mary had much work to do that she stayed at her office all day.A. such B. so C. too D. very17.1 felt very tired, I tried to finish the work.A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if18 .the day went on, the weathe

37、r got worse.A. With B. Since C. While D. As19 .well you can drive, you must drive carefully.A. So long as B. In order that C. No matter how D. The moment 20. Write to me as soon as you to Beijing.A. will get B. get C. getting D. Got1 .A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.A11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.

38、B 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B中考英语专项复习一一定语从句】一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that, which, who （宾格whom,所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从 句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，

39、主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号 分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1. that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that 作主语）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：The buildi

40、ng which stands near the train station is a supermarket. 于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3.who, whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom,也 可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)Who i

41、s the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to ?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？(作宾语)汪忠:(1)当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在旬末时， who, that, which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时， 只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last yea这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English nove请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文/、说。(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原

42、来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。(3) that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：The city that she lives in is very far away 她居住的城市非常远。(4)关系词只能用that的情况：a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that,而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the examffc 是第个通过考试的人。b.被修饰

43、的先行词为 all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代 词时，只能用that,而不用which.例如:Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被 the only, the very, the same， the last, little , few 等词修饰时，只能用 that,而不用 which.例如：This is the same bike that I 10sts就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行词里同时含有人

44、或物时，只能用 that,而不用which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所 见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是there be结构，修饰主语的定语从句用 that,而不用which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom 子上那本

45、书是汤姆的。(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况：a.先行词为that, those时，用which, 而不用that.例如：What ' s that which is under the desk 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用 which,而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。c.弓I导非限制性定语从句，用 which ,而不用that.例如：Tom came back which made us happy.汤姆回来了, 这使我们彳艮高兴。五、关系副词的用法关系副词

46、：在句中作状语关系副词二介词+关系代词why=for whichwhere=in/ at/ on/ . which (介词同先彳T词搭配)when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭酉己)(1) when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：This was the time when he arrive返是他到达的时间。(2) where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：This is place where he worksS 是他工作的地点。(3) why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobody knows th

47、e reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟至 U。【中考链接】1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines,from east to west. Those run from north to south are called avenues.A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that2. This is the case he s had all his money stolen.A. when B. whe

48、re C. that D. on which3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn,we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.A. where B. when C. which D. how4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything.A. that the little girl asks himB. the little girl asks him toC. for the little

49、 girl to ask himD. what the little girl asks him5. How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin? Oh, that's easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one the telephone number is provided.A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose6. October 15 th is my birthday,I will never forget.A. wh

50、en B. that C. what D. which7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _he can walk correctly and safely.A. when B. where C. which D. whose8. There are several research centers in China a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied. A.which B. where C. when D. what9. I ho

51、pe that the little I have been able to do does good to them all.A. which B. what C. that D. when10. The time is not far away modern communications will become widespread in China' s vastcountryside. A. as B. when C. until D. before11. is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must uni

52、fy it.A. It B. As C. Which D. What12. I shall never forget the day Shen Zhou V was launched,has a great effect on my life.A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that13. The bread my wife makes is much better than you can buy at a store.A. that which B. one that C. that of whichD. this

53、 of which14. There is no such place you dream of in all this world.A. that B. what C. which D. as15. The people,had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A. all whose homesB. all of whose homesC. all their homesD. all of their homes16. The humans are destroying nature day by da

54、y,of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.A. whoB. whenC. on which D. Which17. Is this research center you visited the modern equipment last year?A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old they swam in it.A

55、. when B. that C. who D. where19. The man showed us so heavy a stone no man can lift.A. that B. as C. which D. and20. He stayed there for quite a long time, during time he learned much spoken English. A.that B. this C. which D. same答案与解析：1. A.主语与run（延伸）是主动关系，所以用现在分词。Those指街道，所以不用who而用that来引 导定语从句。2.

56、 B.因为在此题中where引导定语从句，表示“在这种种况下"，与in which相当。3. A.因为先行词是Beijing而不是this autumn所以用where引导定语从句。4. B.答案B是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，另外，to后还省略了动词原形paint。5. C.因为of which引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。of which the telephone number = whosetelephone number6. D.因为这是个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面一句话的内容。7. B.因为表示“阶段、程度、地步”的the point在定语从句中作地点状语，所

57、以用 where引导定 语从句。8. B.因为先行词是research centers在定语从句中作状语，所以用 where9. C.因为当先行词是表示事物的 all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing 等时，多用 that 引导定语从句。10. 因为先行词是the time,且在定语从句中作状语，所以用 when引导。此题的先行词与定语从 句被主旬谓语分开了，要善于辨别。11. B.先行词是Taiwan is a part of China整个主句，一般由as或which引导定语从句，但which引 导的定语从何只能放在主句之后，另外， as有“正如”之意，而 which没有，所以用aso顺便说 说, 原旬改为：It is known to everybody that Taiwan is - = What is known to everybody is that Taiwan is12. A.两空都是考