如何做用所给词的适当形式填空

1、如何做用所给词的适当形式填空- 6 - / 5用所给词的适当形式填空是中考常见的试题类型之一，旨在考查学生的英语基础知识和综合运用英语的能 力。解此类型的试题可遵循以下步骤：1 . 明确所给词的词性2 .弄清所给句子的意思3 .确定空白处所需的词性4 .正确写出所填的词用所给词的适当形式填空主要考查以下词类：一 . 对名词的考查1.考查名词的单数形式转换成复数形式：(1) .名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(规则变化)一般情况下直接在单数名词之后加 -s 变为复数名词。例如：deskf desks , key f keys , monkey fmonkeys , boy - boys 等以 -x,

2、-s,-ch ,-sh ,结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时， 在 单数名词之后加 -es。例如：fox f foxes , boss fbosses , bus - buses, class f classes, dress f dresses, witness - witnesses, address f addresses, beach f beaches, coach - coaches , couch f couches ,inch f inches ,sandwich - sandwiches , church f churches ,watch f watches ,match fma

3、tches ,speech fspeeches ,witch f witches ,dish f dishes ,brush fbrushes ,goldfish fgoldfish, fish - fishes , toothbrush f toothbrushes 等。以 o 结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之后加 -s 的有：zoo - zoos, radio f radios, photo f photos, piano - pianos, kilo f kilos, mango f mangos, bamboo - bamboos, kangaroo f kangaroos。

4、加 -es 的有：tomato ftomatoes, potato f potatoes, dodo f dodoes/s, hero f heroes。以辅音字母+y 结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时， 先变y为i,再加-es。例如：family f families, lady fladies,baby -babies , copyf copies, body f bodies, century fcenturies, diary -diaries, dictionary dictionaries, factory f factories, library -libraries, batter

5、y f batteries, documentary - documentaries, buddy f buddies, ability f abilities, country fcountries, butterfly f butterflies, enemy f enemies, memoryf memories, balcony f balconies, laboratory - laboratories, beauty f beauties, charity f charities, comedyf comedies, industry f industries, quality -

6、 qualities, reply freplies, difficultydifficulties, theorytheories, mystery mysteries, hobby hobbies, story Ttories, city -cities, laundry Taundries, activity activities 等。以f或fe结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时， 先变f或fe 为 v ，再加-es。例如： half f halves, knife f knives, wifef wives, leaf - leaves, shelf shelves, herself -th

7、emselves, scarff scarfs / scarves, wolf f wolves 等。考例 1： 2005 年镇江市 Look! There are some _ (bird) flying in the sky.分析： 所给的词 bird 是可数名词的单数形式， 根据主谓一致可知，应填名词的复数形式， bird 的复数形式是birds ，因此应填birds.考例 2： 2005 年泰州市 Your present is in one of the . Can you guess? (box)分析：所给的词 box 是可数名词的单数形式，根据习惯表达 “oneof the +可

8、数名词复数 ”可知，应填名词的复 数形式，box的复数形式是boxes,因此应填boxes。考例 3： 2004 年淮安市 Newspaper reports say that some more _ (country) have become E.U.(欧盟)members this year.分析：所给的词 country 是可数名词的单数形式，根据主谓一致可知,应用可数名词的复数形式，因此应填countries。考例 4： 2003 年济南市 The earthquake rocked the cities in the north of Algeria. Many people los

9、t their . (life)分析：所给的词 life 是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，应用名词的复数形式， life 的复数形式为 lives ，因此应填 lives 。(2) . 名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(不规则变化)foot feet, tooth fteeth, child fchildren, man- men, womans women, policeman -policemen, policewoman - policewomen, Frenchman f Frenchmen,snowmansnowmen, businessman f businessmen, Engl

10、ishman - Englishmen, gentleman -gentlemen, salesman salesmen, mouse- mice/mouses(鼠 标),sheep fsheep, Chinese - Chinese, Japanese Japanese, fish fish 等。考例 1： 2004 年无锡市 It s good for us to brush our (tooth) after mea.ls分析：所给的词 tooth 是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，应用名词的复数形式，而 tooth 的复数形式是不规则白为teeth,因此应填teeth。2 .考查名词

11、的所有格考例 1： 2005 年泰州市 Chocolate is usually favorite food. (child)分析：所给的词 child 是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意 “巧可力是孩子们最喜爱的食物 ”可知， 所填的词在句中作定语，应用复数名词的所有格作定语， child 的复数形式的所有格为 children ；因此应填children Is考例 2： 2005 年淮安市 Tomorrow is _ (father) Day. What will you do for your dad?分析：所给的词 father 是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知， 父亲节”为Father

12、 ' s DOy此应填Father's 注意：母亲节为 Mother' s Day3女节为 Womens Day,儿童 节为 Children ' s DOy,师节为 Teachers' Day3 .考查名词转换成形容词名词转换成形容词有以下几种情况：.名词+y -形容词例如：rain f rainy, windf windy, cloud f cloudy,sun f sunny, snowf snowy, fog f foggy, mist f misty, health healthy, luck flucky, unluck funlucky,

13、noise - noisy ,fun -funny, thirstKirsty 等。(2).名词+ful -形容词例如： caref careful, thankf thankful, help f helpful, usef useful, wonder f wonderful, color f colorful, pain - painful, success 弋uccessful 等。.名词+n-形容词例如：Americaf American, Russiaf Russian, India - Indian, AustraliaAustralian, Canadaf Canadian,

14、Italy -Italian 等。(4).名词+ ern容词例如： east f eastern, westf western, north f northern, south -southern 等。.名词+ousf形容词例如:danger f dangerous, fame famous 等。注 意：friend f friendly, woolf woolen, difference - different, difficulty difficult, importance fimportant, pride f proud, person f personal, safety - sa

15、fe, confidence -confident 等。考例 1： 2005 年镇江市 分析： 所给的词 rain 在此处应理解为名词， 根据句意可知，所填的词在句中作定语，修饰 day,应用形容词， rain 的形容词为 rainy ，因此应填rainy。考例 2： 2005 年徐州市 Too much homework is really (pain) to students.分析：所给的词 pain 为名词，根据句意可知，所填的词在句中作表语 ，应用形容词，pain 的形容词 为painful ，即应填painful 。4.考查名词变为副词success -successfully, c

16、are -carefully, care fcarelessly, health -healthily, noise -noisily 等。考例：2005 年泰州市 They played so _ that they lost the football match. (care)分析：所给的词 care 在此处应理解为名词，根据句意可知， 所填的词在句中作状语， 修饰 played ， 应用副词，care 的副词为 carefully, 即应填 carefully 。二对数词的考查1. 考查基数词转换成序数词基数词变为序数词时, 一般情况下在基数词之后加-th。例如：four f fourt

17、h1是，特殊的基数词变为序数词 可用以下口诀来帮助记忆：一、二、三单独记，八去t,九去e,五和十二记仔细，f来把ve替，ty变成tie,后面 再加th。即：one - first, two f second, three -third, eight f eighth, nine f ninth, five f fifth, twelve f twelfth, twenty - twentieth, thirtythirtieth, forty -fortieth, fifty-fiftieth,sixty fsixtieth, seventy fseventieth, eightyf eigh

18、tieth, ninety -ninetieth 等。考例 1： 2005 年镇江市 The _ (eight) lesson is not so easy as the ninth lesson, I think.分析：所给的词 eight 为基数词 ,根据习惯表达 “第八 课 ”应用序数词， eight 的序数词为eighth, 即应填eighth。考例 2： 2005 年扬州市 We will have the _ celebration for the return of Hong Kong. (nine)分析：(略)应填ninth。考例 3： 2005 年泰州市 The studen

19、ts from America live on the floor. (nine)What a (rain) day! We have to stay at home.分析：(略)应填ninth。考例4： 2005 年徐州市 Liu Xiang got the _ (one) in his competition of the 2004Olympic Games.分析：(略)应填first 。2. 考查分数词考例： 2005 年淮安市 Two _ (three) of the boys in my class are in the school football team.分析：所给的词thr

20、ee 是基数词，根据句意可知，本题是考查分数词的表达， 分子用基数词表示， 分母用序数词表示。当分子大于1 时，表示分母的序数词应用复数形式，因此应用 three 的序数词 third 的复数形式thirds, 即应填thirds。三对代词的考查1 .考查人称代词主宾格之间的转换中考中不常出现。2 .考查物主代词之间的转换考例： 2005 年宿迁市 Yesterday I was doing some shopping in the supermarket when I met a friend of _ (my).分析：所给的词 my 为形容词性物主代词，根据句意可知， 应用名词性物主代词作

21、介词of 的宾语， 即应填 my的名词性物主代词mine 。3 .考查人称代词转换成自身代词考例 1： 2005 年泰州市 The clever girl could teach English when she was ten.(she)分析：所给的词 she 为人称代词主格，根据习惯表达teach oneself sth.可知，应用自身代词作宾语，即应填 she 的自身代词herself。考例 2： 2005 年常州市 Thanks to space satellites, the world _ (it) is becoming a much smaller place.分析： 所给的词

22、 it 为人称代词， 根据句意可知， 应用 自身代词作主语的同位语，即应填 it 的自身代词itself 。4 . 考查人称代词转换成物主代词考例 1： 2005 年镇江市 My schoolbag is different from (he). Mine is newer.分析： 所给的词 he 为人称代词主格， 根据句意可知，应用名词性物主代词作介词from 的宾语，即应填his 。考例 2 ： 2005 年扬州市 Our way of learning English is alot better than _. (they)分析：(略)应填theirs 。考例3： 2005 年淮安市

23、(we) city, Huai an ,is Zhou Enlan s hometown proud of him.分析：(略)应填Our 。考例4： 2005 年徐州市 This is my dictionary. Where is _ (you)?分析：(略)应填yours。四对形容词的考查1. 考查形容词的比较级/ 最高级(1) . 形容词比较级/最高级的规则变化一般单音节的形容词在词尾加-er/-est例如：black- blacker/ est, bright -brighter/ est 此外还有： cheap, clear, clean, clever, cold, cool,

24、dear, dark, deep, fast, few, full, great, green, hard, high, kind, light, long, low, near, new, old, poor ,quick, quiet, rich, short, slow, small, steep, strong, sweet, tall, thick, yellow, young, warm, weak 等。以字母 e 结尾的形容词， 只须在词尾加 -r/-st 。 例如：blue f bluer/st, large large17st 此夕卜还有： able, huge, late,

25、 nice, fine, free, white, wide, simple, safe, strange, polite, purple 等。以重读闭音节结尾的形容词，末尾只有一个辅音字 母，要先双写这个辅音字母，再加 -er /-est。例如：big f bigger /est, fat ffatter /est 此夕卜还有： dim, red, thin, sad, wet, hot, glad 等。以辅音字母+y 结尾的形容词，先把y 变为 i ，再加-er/-est。例女口： angry f angrier/est, easy easier /est 此外还有： busy, happ

26、y, heavy, empty, noisy, lucky, hungry,dirty, early, ready, sunny, windy, lazy, tidy, healthy, rainy, snowy, dry, unhappy, unlucky, pretty 等。多音节形容词和部分双音节形容词以及由分词转化来的形容词，须在词前加more/most。例如：beautiful 7more/most beautiful, tired - more/most tired 此夕卜还有： careful, interesting, difficult, different, dangero

27、us, expensive, famous, important, interested, helpful, modern, useful, wonderful, worried, amazing, boring, serious 等。有些形容词的比较级和最高级的构成，既可以在词 为加-er/ esit,又可以在词前加more/most。例如：clever,common, polite, quiet, peasant, simple 等。(2) . 形容词比较级/最高级的不规则变化bad f worse f worstgood f better f best much/many f moref

28、most little less Teast 考例 1： 2005 年镇江市 Our team was much _ (strong) than theirs. We won the game at last.分析： 所给的词 strong 为形容词， 根据句意可知， 应 用形容词的比较级，即应填 strong 的比较级 stronger 。考例 2： 2005 年扬州市 The more exercise you take, the _ you ll be. (health) 分析： (略)应填 healthier。考例 3： 2005 年泰州市 Houses in some cities

29、now are much than before.(expensive)分析： (略)应填 more expensive。2 .考查形容词转换成副词形容词+ly 副词bad - badly, bright -brightly, certain -certainly, careful - carefully, careless -carelessly, clear fclearly, clean - cleanly, loud f loudly, polite-politely, quick fquickly,quiet -quietly, real -really, sad f sadly,

30、safe -safely slow f slowly, strong fstrongly, usual fusually, wide - widely, angry f angrily, heavy f heavily, easy f easily, happyf happily, silent -silently, lucky Tuckily, sudden - suddenly, busyf busily , exact fexactly, neat f neatly, noisy -noisily, successful successfully, terrible terribly,

31、true Truly 等。注意：early fearly, fast -fast, goodf well 等。考例： 2005 年扬州市 Be careful, or you wo n twork out the physics problem .(easy)分析：所给的词 easy 为形容词，根据句意可知，应用副词修饰动词work out ，因此应填easy 的副词easily。3 .考查形容词转换成名词参见 “名词转换为形容词 ”注意：ill fillness foreign fforeigner high f height true Truth考例： 2005 年南京市 When he

32、saw the boy was in danger, Edison rushed out and carried him to _ (safe).分析： 所给的词 safe 为形容词， 根据句意可知， 应用 名词作介词to 的宾语，即应填safe 的名词 safety。五对副词的考查1. 考查副词的比较级 / 最高级(1) . 副词比较级/最高级的规则变化一般单音节的副词在词尾加-er/-est例如：fast -faster/ est, hard f harder /est, long f longer /est, loudf louder/ est, high f higher/ est,

33、soon f sonner/ est注意：early fearlier/est多音节副词和部分双音节副词，须在词前加 more/most。例如：angrily -more/most angrily 此夕卜还有： quietly, quickly, sadly, slowly, widely, suddenly, happily, politely, clearly, often, carefully, carelessly, luckily 等。(2) . 副词比较级/最高级的不规则变化well f better best, badly f worsef worst, far fartherf

34、urther/farthestfurthest考例： 2005 年南京市 Mike and I started to learn painting at the same time, but now he can paint much (good) than I.分析： 所给的词 good 为形容词， 根据句意可知， 应 用副词的比较级， 即应填 good 的副词 well 的比较better 。2.考查副词转换成形容词中考中不常出现。六对动词的考查1. 考查动词转换成名词动词转换成名词常见的有：(1) .动词+er f名词workf worker, teach fteacher, keepf

35、 keeper, paint - painter, sell -seller, speakf speaker, wait -waiter, clean - cleaner, playf player, surf fsurfer, sing fsinger, own owner 等。(2) .动词+r f名词managef manager, write -"writer, dance -dancer, dive fdiver , strike -striker 等。注意： runf runner, swimr swimmer, travel ftraveler, win f winne

36、r, rob robber, cook f cook 等。(3) .动词+or f名词visit -visitor, invent -inventor(4) .动词+(t)ion 完词inventf invention,operate-operation, discuss -discussion, pollute -pollution,(5) .动词+ing f名词park f parking, meanr meaning,surf fsurfing, train Training, shop f shopping, meet - meeting, turn Turning, cross -c

37、rossing, begin fbeginning, build -building, clean -cleaning, drawf drawing, paint - painting, swim f swimming, washf washing 等。注意：robf robbery, pleasefpleasure, die death, think - thought, knowf knowledge, appear f appearance, disappear -disappearance,dry f drought, fly Tight 等。考例 1： 2005 年南京市 Some

38、foreign _(visit) from England came to our school last week.分析：所给的 visit 为动词，根据句意可知，应用名词作主语，即应填 visit 的名词复数visitors.考例2： 2005 年镇江市 Paul is the best basketball (play) on school team.分析：(略)应填player。考例 3： 2005 年徐州市 We feel sorry that Chen Yifei, a famous _ (paint), died when he was fifty-nine.分析：(略)应填painter。考例 4： 2005 年淮安市 Every child has a dream. My life dream is to be a pop (sing).分析：(略)应填singer。2.考查动词转换成形容词动词转换成形容词一般都是转换成其相应的形容词化