大学英语文章开头和结尾的写法

1、整理ppt Exposition means expounding or explaining. An expository paper explains or explores something, such as the process of making a machine, the causes of a natural or social phenomenon, the planning of a project, or the solution of a problem. 整理ppt An argumentative essay tries to make the reader a

2、gree with its point of view and support it, to persuade him to change his mind or behavior, to approve a policy or a course of action that it proposes. 整理ppt专业 4 级写作 第 1 步 了解专四写作基本要求：专四概要 作文 时间：35 分钟 字数：200 词 便条 时间：10 分钟 字数：5060 词 第 2 步 研究专四写作历年真题： 熟悉真题命题思路，才能适应考试，才能写出符合要求的文章，并作出合理的预测。 第 3 步 根据写作中所遇

3、问题，进行自我评估：问题 评估提笔无话可说 不只是英语水平有限有话说不出 需要加强语言基本功的训练表意不清 多多背诵高分词汇、精彩句式内容空洞 加强思维拓展训练个别地方意 思表达不准确需要仔细检查改正整理ppt作文的主要类型 一般来说，各类考试中涉及到的作文， 按照命题形式可划分为提纲式作文、图表式作文、规定情景式作文等类型。整理ppt1.提纲式作文 1)对比选择型 2)给定观点型 3)自由发挥型2图表式作文3规定情景式作文整理ppt 2009 Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment? 对比选择型（社会生活类） 2008 The Benefits

4、for Volunteering 给定观点型（社会生活类） 2007 Is It Wise to Make Friends Online? 对比选择型（社会生活类） 2006 Saving Money or Using Tomorrows Money 对比选择型（社会生活） 2005 My Idea of a University Art Festival 自由发挥型（校园） 整理ppt 2004 Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? 对比选择型（社会生活） 2003 The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood 给定观点型（社会生活）

5、 2002 The Best Way to Stay Healthy 自由发挥型（社会生活） 2001 Travel Broadens the Mind 给定观点型 2000 The Importance of Extracurricular Activities 给定观点型（校园） 1999 A Major Advantage/Disadvantage of Advertising on Television 对比选择型（社会生活）整理ppt 1998 One Way to Solve the Problem 自由发挥型（社会生活） 1997 More Pressure from Acade

6、mic Studies Does (or Does not) Good to Us 对比选择型（校园） 1996 The Main Difference Between My College Life and My Middle School Life 对比选择型（校园） 1995 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Part-time Jobs 对比选择型（校园） 1994 TV: a Good Thing or a Bad Thing? 对比选择型（社会生活）整理ppt1作文开头部分的写作 1)开门见山，点明主题 文章一开头，就交待清楚文章的主题和论点是

7、什么。这种写法适用于“自由发挥型”和“给定观点型”两种提纲式作文。 2002 年的专四作文考题“The Best Way to Stay Healthy”整理ppt 2002 年的专四作文考题“The Best Way to Stay Healthy The best way to stay healthy is to develop a good quality of psychology(保健的最好方法就是保持良好的心态。)整理pptWidening Gap Between the Rich and the Poor These days we often hear about the w

8、idening gap between the rich and the poor(最近我们经常听到贫富差距拉大。)整理ppt2)正反表态法 在开头一段中把正反观点都表达出来，最后一句写自己的观点。用一 、两句介绍主题，再用一、两句介绍正反两种观点或看法，接下来再表达自己的看法。这种写法比较适合“对比选择型”题目。整理ppt1999 年“A Major Advantage/Disadvantage of Advertising on Television” Nowadays more and more advertisements are seen on TV every daySome pe

9、ople think that advertising on TV can bring us a lot of benefits, but others hold the different opinionsIn my opinionI am in favor of the former 整理pptWhere Would You Go after Graduation After graduation, some students choose to go to super cities for career developmentMeanwhile ， some students prefe

10、r to return to their hometownsAs for me，I would like to go back to my home city 整理ppt3)让步法 也称为先抑后扬法，先把反方观点引出来，做一个肯定的评价，然后笔锋一转，回到自己的观点上来。比较适用于“对比选择型”题目。 整理ppt2004 年 “Will Phones Kill Letter Writing?” Nowadays，young people choose to phone each other rather than write lettersSome are worried that lette

11、r writing will be useless in the futureEven so, I still maintain that letter writing will never be killed by phones，despite that we have already stepped into the information age整理ppt “Degree and University Study”(学位与大学学习)的范文的开头一段采用了先抑后扬的手法，首先肯定学位的重要性，然后提出了“学位并不是大学学习的一切”这样的观点 整理ppt In our society，the

12、 most commonly recognized standard of a students academic achievement is the degreeConsequently some people regard the degree as the only thing valuable while studying in collegeAdmittedly，the degree is important for students who want a prosperous future，but it is by no means the only purpose at uni

13、versity整理ppt4)背景法 对一个现象进行分析时，先把这个现象事件的原因、结果、发展等背景信息介绍一下，然后再给出自己的看法。这种写法适合“给定观点型”和“自由发挥型”。 1998 年的专四作文考题“One Way to Solve the Problem”(解决问题的一个方法)的首段可以先介绍机动车是城市污染的主要来源，接下来亮出自己的观点 发展公共交通： Vehicles are a major source of air pollution in citiesIn my opinion，the solution to this pollution problem is devel

14、oping the modern public transportation整理ppt2003 年 “The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood” The modern society is characterized by rapid pace，and people in such a society have to cope with a lot of pressures from either outer world or inner willThe most difficult， but necessary thing for them is to ke

15、ep a good mood under whatever circumstances 整理ppt“How to Deal with the Problem of Unemployment” In recent years，China has experienced an alarming increase in unemployment rateUnemployment is more than an economic problemIf it were not handled properly，it would result in serious social problemsEffect

16、ive measures must be taken to solve the unemployment problem 整理ppt5)提问式 要讨论什么就先把话题以问句形式提出，然后通过回答问题表达自己的观点。或者，对自己的观点做个理由概述先写出反方观点，对其进行反驳，顺势提出自己的观点。比较适用于“对比选择型”题目。 整理pptFactors Influencing Young Adults Of the various factors that can have influence on young adults，the family and friends stand out most

17、Which of the two is more important? My view is that it is friends who have more important influence on young adults整理pptChoosing a Job Profitable or a Job I Love How can one find a desirable job? This question puzzles nearly everyoneIn practice， most people look for well-paid jobs while a few search

18、 for jobs they love 整理ppt2 作文结尾部分的写作 结尾是对全篇的总结、概括，也叫结束语。文章或段落的结尾和开头对整个文章来说是非常重要的。这是作者最后一次和读者交流的机会，这里可以进一步地进行解释、加强或者总结你在文中所阐述的观点和看法。一个好的结尾可以给评阅老师留下好的印象 整理ppt1)总结式 对全文做简短的归纳、概括，得出结论。 A Major Advantage of Advertising on Television 最后一段总结了中间段落的两个分论点，就电视广告所传达的信息、而言，制造商和消费者都能受益： From the above，we can easi

19、ly see that TV advertising is beneficial both to manufacturers and consumers on account of the abundant information it provided整理ppt 在“The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood”的最后一段，同样也总结了中间两段的分论点，保持良好心情既有助于建立友谊，也有助于保持健康： Taking into account of all these factors，we may draw the conclusion that keeping

20、a good mood brings you not only friendship，but health as well 整理ppt2)重申式 重申主题，即再次强调和肯定文章引言段中阐述的中心思想。 例如，在“School and Major?”的范文中的最后一段再次强调作者观点(I prefer a prestigious university)： As for me，choosing a good university is wiser，as far as the future job-hunting is concerned整理ppt 在“Factors Influencing You

21、ng Adults”的范文中的第一段就已表述了作者观点： My view is that it is friends who have more important influence on young adults 最后一段再次强调作者观点： But，generally speaking，in most cases，friends are the more important influence on young adults整理ppt3)引申式 提出建议，提供解决办法。这种方法特别适用于讨论问题的文章，例如对某事的原因或结果的分析，提出建议和解决办法，也可展望未来。住文章结尾处表示对未来的

22、展望或号召读者采取行动。 例如，在“Widening Gap Between the Rich and the Poor的最后一段中提出 建议，为了解决贫富差距问题，必须加大教育投资，创造就业机会： .The government should make more investment to ensure equal chances of education. We should create more job opportunities.整理ppt 在“Having a Company before Graduation”中，在说明了大学生在开公司前要慎重考虑后，在最后一句话提出，大学生应该

23、记得自己的身份，大学学习才是他们毕业后走向社会的必要准备，主题有所深化： From the above discussion, I hold the view that college students should be careful when they decide whether they should have a company or notThey should remember they are students，and their study in university is the essential preparation for their success in soc

24、iety after graduation 整理ppt第二段落论证手法(1) 举 例 或 例 证 法 (Example and Illustration) 举例和例证使抽象的概念具体化，而所举的事例也应该具有充分的说服力，同时逻辑严密。 2001 年的专四作文考题“Travel Broadens the Mind”(旅游开阔视野)的主体段可以通过“自己到西安旅游”的例子进行论证 整理ppt Consider my own experience as an exampleTwo years ago，I visited Xian，an ancient cityXian is a city of r

25、ich cultural inheritanceThere are so many places of interests there，such as the old city walls，the tomb of the Emperor Qin and so onIt seems that everything there tell the stories and history of the ancient ChinaIn this way, I have gained knowledge of history and culture，which is more vivid and impr

26、essive than what is learned in class整理ppt 在“Opportunity and Success”(机遇与成功)的范文的论证过程中，以牛顿发现万有引力定律为例，说明了获得机遇只是获得了成功的可能性，只有加上不懈的努力，可能性才会变成现实 整理ppt When an opportunity comes，it brings promise for success，but that promise never comes true by its ownThe popular story of how Newton was hit by a falling app

27、le and thus finding the Universal Law of Gravitation also proves thisI suppose many people before Newton saw apples fall， but none found anything about gravityHowever，Newton took the opportunity to think about the phenomenon further，propose and demonstrate a theory to explain itThis indicates you mu

28、st make efforts before，during and after you get an opportunityThus，when it is coming，you can recognize it；when it is there，you can grasp it；when it is in your hand，you can turn it into success整理ppt(2)因果法(Cause and Effect) 因果关系可分为前因后果，前果后因，一因一果和多果多因等多种形式 整理ppt2004 年的专四作文考题“Will Phones Kill Letter Wri

29、ting?”(电话是否会使书信消失?)的一个参考写法，作者持否定态度，他给出了三个理由 First，people can not only greet each other but also exchange their thoughts in lettersBecause when a person writes，he must organize his mind and express his ideas and feelings more logically，while telephone often makes people lazySecond，letters can be kept

30、 as a record of memory ， while phone cannotYou can imagine，when you read some old letters，a lot of beautiful and indelible memories will be brought back to youLast，sending a letter is much cheaper than having a telephone call，especially when whom you want to communicate with is in another city 整理ppt

31、在“How to Get Along with Your Roommates?”(如何与你的室友相处?)的范文，采用了因果法的方式论证了室友关系的重要性： Roommates constitute the most intimate partners in our college lifeThey enable us to have access to different regional subcultures of China，different personalities and uniqueness，and some of them will become our life frien

32、ds They also comprise our warm dormitory for four yearsThese advantages.整理ppt(3) 比 较 与 对 比 法 (Comparison and Contrast) 对两个或多个事物的异同之处逐点进行比较对照，排列顺序为：A1，B1；A2，B2；A3，B3；。 对两个或多个事物的异同之处分别进行比较对照，排列顺序为：A1，A2，A3；B1，B2，B3；。 比较和对比法常用的过渡词有：like，likewise，unlike，similarly，in the same way，on the other hand ， comp

33、are with ， by comparison，in contrast to，on the contrary，but，yet，instead while，whereas，however，nevertheless 整理ppt 1996 年的专四作文考题“The Main Difference Between My College Life and My Middle School Life”(我的大学生活和中学生活的主要不同)的范文，对比了大学牛活和中学生活在课外活动方面的不同，如下： .the social life in college is colorful Various clubs

34、and communities welcome any students，whereas in middle school，chances for extracurricular activities were little 整理ppt“Internet or Library?”(上网还是去图书馆?) For one thing，I am of opinion that library is more of a reliable source of informationAs is known，publications will have to go through strict censorship before they come outIn school libraries，librarians will